All Questions

I've read about sp, sp2, and sp3 and understand that for sp there will be 2 sp orbitals, b/c there is an sp, and for sp2, there will be 3 sp orbitals, and so on and so forth. But I'm still having ...

Hydrocarbons have some of the highest energy densities and specific energies of any chemical fuel. Unfortunately, our primary use of them is in thermal engines, whose efficiency is limited by Carnot'...

The change in various state function is said to be a path function like (changes in) enthalpy(delta H), gibbs free energy(delta G), temperature(delta T), etc. But only the change in internal energy is ...

I do not understand how this graph peaks at values close to $0$. I understand that it is the probability distribution of the electron for a $2\mathrm s$ orbital of $\ce{H}$ atom, but shouldn't it ...

Suppose I want to have a 40 angstrom cubic box with a 0.5 mole fraction of water and 0.5 mole fraction of glucose. I am trying to determine the number of water molecules and glucose molecules that ...

I learned that alkynes gets reduced on addition of $\ce{Na}$ in liquid $\ce{NH3}$ to form alkenes (which is not further reduced). Recently I came across a reaction where a conjugated diene was treated ...

I have another question similar to this one. I just don't have intuition for why reactions are thermodynamically favorable or unfavorable and I'd like to build it. This time I'd like to ask about ...

While studying atomic orbitals and nodes, the only illustration of a radial node that I could find is in an s-orbital (like here). How do the radial nodes look like in p or d-orbitals? (I don't know ...

I am wondering if when 1,2,3 trichloropropane is dehydrohalogenated if 2,3 dichloropropene is favoured or if both isomers are made (ie 1,3 dichloropropene).

So, the lab work is this. I made an AgCl electrode of a silver wire by coating it with AgCl. This was done by electrolysis by immersing the wire in HCl and using platinum as a counter electrode and ...

Question What is the sum of stoichiometric coefficients of redox reaction: $\ce{Cu2S + HNO3 -> S + NO2 + Cu(NO3)2 + H2O}$? Answer 23 This is from a multiple choice exam, I calculated the sum of ...

For the reaction: $$\ce{3I_2 + 6NaOH -> NaIO3 + 5NaI + 3H2O}$$ Calculate the $n$-factor and hence the equivalent weight of $\ce{I_2}$ and $\ce{NaOH}.$* *$n$-factor of an element in a reaction is ...

I know that given heat, 2 molecules of anhydrous $\ce{FeSO4}$ decompose to form various substances. i.e. $$\ce{2FeSO4 (Heat) —> Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3}$$ Now suppose I have a box of complete vacuum and ...

I was looking at the NMR spectrum of tetraethyltin [$\ce{Sn(CH2CH3)4}$], and found that the $\ce{Sn-H}$ coupling constant between $\ce{Sn}$ and $\ce{CH2}$ is larger than that between $\ce{Sn}$ and $\...

If you perform electrolysis on Aqueous Sodium Chloride of various concentrations, how does the product at the anode change but the product at the cathode does not? What is the mechanism behind this ...

Which pathway (1 or 2 or 3) gives the major product ? Explain me please

The given correct answer is (A). According to me there would be 2 enantiomeric pairs. My doubt is that it does not react with NBS but it does react with Cl/hv though both have the same initiation step....

I came across the following while going through my textbook The standard enthalpy of reaction is related to bond enthalpies of reactants and products in gas phase reactions as: $$\Delta H^{\circ}_r = ...

Compare the nucleophilic strengths of the following two compounds: According to me it should be the second one, that is, (2R,6R)-2,6-dimethyltetrahydropyran because the methyl groups would exert +I ...

Is there a general relation between hkl planes in primitive vs. conventional unit cells? For example, is (111) identical for both? To illustrate, let's say you took the planar packing density for (111)...

Are there any successful products commercially available? If not, what are the technical challenges which make it currently infeasible? For example, are the sensors too big? Is illumination a ...

Hello, I will list the questions directly, if you want to know details please read below. As in the figure, we have water+baking soda in a plastic cup, there are 2 versions in figure that affects LED'...

So all of the other group 16 elements (besides oxygen) have some type of carbohydrate, in which the oxygen gets replaced with sulfur, selenium or tellurium. So, does polonium have an alcohol like ...

I've got a question that should be simple enough but I must be doing something very wrong. A $\pu{10mL}$ sample of $\ce{H2SO3}$ is neutralized by $\pu{18.6mL}$ of a $\pu{0.10M}$ strong base. Find the ...

I learnt in a physics class about tension where I was told that If we have string attached to a ceiling and other end attached to a block, then any cross sectional area of string divides it into two ...

Wikipidia quotes a melting point of 1713C for sand. I went on the beach to get some sand. I assume it's a mix of all kinds of stuff. The finality is to prepare a big pile of clean sand to use as ...

I saw in a lecture of biochem that amino acid had Carbon bonded with CO and R and H instead of carbon double bonded with Oxygen and single bonded with OH(which is the carboxylic acid group) My ...

Selectivity and kinetics of reactions are somehow linked to the activation energies of reactions. However, there's something not totally clear in my mind about the selectivity. I will get a general ...

I have a question in my textbook that i want to know the answer to. It says:"when adding drops of HCl to pure water according to the equation 2H2O=H3O+OH which of the following is correct? -the ...

Please help me, a mathematician doing his elective course on Physical Chemistry, out with this very simple question: why does the relation between enthalpy and heat $$\Delta H = \Delta U + p\,\Delta V ...

In a nitro-Mannich reaction, if we deprotonate a nitroalkane species with a strong base, then add acetic acid followed by an imine species, the reaction still proceeds giving the $\beta$-nitroamine. ...

As I stated in the question, most of the time in general and physical chemistry I have seen people say "when an atom with higher electronegativity bonds with another atom with lower ...

Hey all, I’m currently drafting a proposal to research the antioxidant claims of ellagic acid. My working hypothesis for the experiment is to expose the Ellagic acid to peroxides generated from UV in ...

it is given that the ionic product of water Kw remains constant even when a non-neutral solute such as an acid is added to it. Kw=[H3O+][OH−] When a strong acid is added to water, the concentration of ...

In general soft nucleophiles do 1,4 conjugate addition to a carbonyl carbon under thermodynamic control. Will soft nucleophiles like organo-cuprates undergo 1,4 addition if the β site is more ...

The formation of ice out of liquid water can be written down like this: $$\ce{H2O (l) <=> H2O(s)}$$ We can calculate the change in standard Gibbs free energy (per mol substance) in the following ...

There's a question in my obscure school textbook that I couldn't find an answer to online. How does Bromine in Bromine water become polarized enough for electrophilic substitution with Phenol? This ...

For atoms and molecules with more than one electron, the wavefunction cannot be written as a single Slater determinant, so the ground-state configuration of (the atom or molecule in question) is ...

Sorry if this seems like a silly question but it has me confused a lot. So I have just started taking Chemical Reaction Engineering, and was studying about continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR). So ...

So I know that 301 stainless steel was chosen for the SpaceX Starship rocket as it can handle high temperature differences. What about this alloy makes the steel harden when it gets colder?

Outline the steps involved in the following transformation: $\ce{C2H4}$ to $\ce{(COOC2H5)2}$ (diethyl oxalate). I am familiar with the transformation of $\ce{C2H4}$ to ethyl acetate $\ce{CH3COOC2H5}$ ...

I want to find some chemicals or to make solutions which I can use to make crystals/strong materials which are insoluble by water, the crystals/materials should be strong. I went through youtube, all ...

I want to learn a method to quickly remove water from a soft natural material that is 75% water, which is safe for people and the environment,to leave only dry solids. Thanks

If I dissolve potassium chloride in water and let it sit for 24-48 hours will the chlorine evaporate like it does when you leave tap water sitting.

I have that $\pu{100 ml}$ of an aqueous solution containing $\pu{1.0 mM}$ $\ce{H2O2}$, $\pu{100 mM}$ $\ce{CH3OH}$ and $\pu{200 mM}$ DMSO are exposed to monochromatic light with a wavelength of $300$ ...

Consider a system undergoing a spontaneous change at V = const and S = const. From first law $dU = \delta q_V$ in the absence of addition work (only P-V work). For the second law $dS \ge \frac {\delta ...

I have a small confusion If suppose HA is a acid then , HA gives H+ and A- ions in water. The presence of H+ implies that the solution is acidic. OK fine... but I came across that this solution will ...

If cyclohexene and benzene are both reduced to (adding $H_2$ until saturation) cyclohexane, which of the two will have similar experimental and theoretical values, and why? According to the internet, ...

For tomato seed extraction/sterilization a standard procedure involves the treatment of tomato seed pulp with 6M HCl for 15 min and then one of the two following: 15 min in 10% saturated sodium ...

Let's say I have a mixture of two miscible liquids. I want to get the liquids by fractional/pure distillation. My textbook says a mixture boils over a range of temperatures. On the contrary, another ...