Questions tagged [electrons]
Electrons are subatomic particles with the symbol e−. They have a negative electric charge (-1 elementary charge. )
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The number of non-bonding electrons present in the frontier molecular orbitals of HF? [closed]
(a)10
(b)4
(c)6
(d)8
I don't understand the word frontier molecular orbitals.
And also how the answer is 4.
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0answers
39 views
Proton vs Electron forces [duplicate]
I understand that protons (positive) and electrons (negative) are attracted to each other through electrostatic forces. I also understand that as you go across a period, the more protons you add to ...
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1answer
29 views
Predicting directions of redox reactions [closed]
Hello!
In this textbook example question, how come the chlorine reaction, which has the greatest reducing power will not react? If it has the greatest E of 1.36 V that means it has most reducing ...
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1answer
43 views
How does Fe2+ become Fe in sacrificial protection? [closed]
I've searched low and high on the internet, but nothing to help me.
I know that zinc is oxidised in preference to iron, and that it "donates" those two electrons to iron.
$$\ce{Zn -> Zn^2+ + 2e-}$$...
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0answers
31 views
Reconciling electron configuration and valence electron distribution over separate energy levels in energy band theory [duplicate]
The electron configuration of a Silicon atom in its ground state is $\ce{1s^2 2s^2 2p^2 3s^2 3p^2}$, or equivalently, $\ce{[Ne] 3s^2 3p^2}$.
When looking at the energy-level scheme of a silicon atom, ...
2
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0answers
33 views
Direction of electron density in p orbitals
$\mathrm{s}$ orbitals are spherically symmetric while $\mathrm{p}$ orbitals are not. For Boron, the electronic configuration is $\mathrm{1s^2 2s^2 2p^1}$.
In which p orbital does the most energetic ...
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0answers
32 views
On steric effects and stereoelectronic effects
From what I understand, stereoelectronic effects are the structure, reactivity, and physical properties of molecules as a result of relative arrangement of orbitals in space. Steric effects result ...
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1answer
45 views
Why oxidation potential of an electrode equals negative reduction potential of the same electrode?
My textbook states that:
$E^\circ_\mathrm{ox} = -E^\circ_\mathrm{red}$ (of same electrode)
I know that electrons flow from anode half cell (oxidation) to cathode half cell (reduction).
But if $E^\...
4
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0answers
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Has a concept of temperature ever been defined in the context of a single atom?
I wonder if this answer to What would happen if we supercool and then superheat an atom very abruptly? goes far enough.
I almost wrote the comment:
I don't think we can even talk about the ...
3
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1answer
365 views
How does liquid mercury conduct electricity? [closed]
It is stated that mercury is a liquid at STP because the high relativistic mass of its valence electrons stabilizes their orbits and thus prevents the electrons from being shared. If so, liquid ...
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1answer
48 views
Confused about identifying delocalized electron pairs in Isoniazid
I have to identify delocalized electron pairs in Isoniazid (pairs not shown in the image below):
I know the nitrogen in the ring has a localized electron pair, since it already forms a pi bond. I'm ...
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Is the nickel an exceptions to the electron configuration? [duplicate]
the electron config. is this 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^8 can the 2 electrons in the 4s be donated to the 3d to make them diamagnetic?
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Free Electron-Bond Electron Interactions
I am reading an introductory textbook on electronics: Practical Electronics for Inventors by Paul Scherz and Simon Monk. In a section discussing the motion of electrons in circuits, the textbook ...
1
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1answer
72 views
Atomic emission spectrum assumption n_f = 3
It's a standard question on the atomic emission spectrum.
An atomic emission spectrum of hydrogen shows three wavelengths: 1875 nm, 1282 nm, and 1093 nm. Assign this wavelengths to transitions in ...
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1answer
108 views
Characteristics of Isotopes [closed]
I'm currently applying information theory to physics, and have begun considering the nature of isotopes, and in particular, how much information is contributed to the properties of an element by its ...
2
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2answers
77 views
Why does heating an atom make it emit certain frequencies? [closed]
We're going over quantum basics in chemistry right now and I'm very confused.
Electrons can only accept in discreet quanta to move up an energy level, right? And they reflect other forms of light ...
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1answer
57 views
Why does an electron lose energy so that it falls back to a lower energy state than just stay at the higher energy state?
Suppose an electron in the 2nd shell gets excited and jumps to the 4th shell. Shouldn't the electron then exist in an unstable equilibrium in the 4th shell, than lose energy and drop down to the 2nd ...
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2answers
65 views
If a beta particle is just an electron, what causes it to be radioactive/dangerous? [closed]
Like what the title says, my question is if a beta particle is just an electron, what causes it to be dangerous?
I understand that a beta particle is not only an electron but it is also one with a ...
1
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1answer
66 views
Why does the Heisenberg uncertainty principle work in an atom? [closed]
Where is my logic wrong?
An electron can only assume quantized energies in an atom.
If an electron is localized in space in a hydrogen atom, its radius is known. If its radius is known, its ...
2
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0answers
27 views
Properties that probe electron kinetic energy
This post is inspired by a question regarding the meaning of off-diagonal elements of the KE matrix (in some AO basis). One answer suggests that a diagonalized KE matrix might not be very useful. I ...
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3answers
63 views
Did the finding of the electron from cathode rays/ oil drop experiment at least temporarily throw Dalton's Atomic theory “out the window”?
Because chemists learned that the atom was divisible, did Dalton's theory get any criticism or did they just adjust the theory to fit the new idea?
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Electron Spin, and the Stern-Gerlach Experiment
I think I understand the basics of the electron spin. However, I'm trying to figure out how to tell if, when shooting a beam of atoms (the Stern-Gerlach experiment), how to tell if an element will ...
0
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1answer
122 views
What's the difference between atomic orbitals and energy levels? [duplicate]
If I'm drawing a Bohr model of Neon, the middle is the nucleus, the first energy level contains 2 electrons. The second level contains 8 electrons. 8+2= 10, Neon's atomic number. But then what are ...
4
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1answer
61 views
Are all lone pairs considered as π-electrons?
According to me, in methylenepyran 8 π-electrons are present as there are 3 double bonds. Therefore, 2 × 3 = 6 π-electrons and 2 π-electrons as one of the two lone pairs of oxygen will participate in ...
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4answers
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How can a neutral atom attract electrons when it's supposed to have zero charge?
A neutral atom is an atom with an equal number of protons and electrons
We know the force of attraction between the proton and electron is equal
and assuming that:
one proton's positive charge ...
0
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0answers
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Electron shells and subshells energies [duplicate]
According to what i learned in university, the energy of orbitals increases when the principal quantum number n increases. Also, in a given shell, s orbitals have lower energy than p orbitals which ...
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0answers
39 views
How did Thomson calculate the momentum of electron when he didn't know the mass of electron?
"This was proven in 1903 by J. J. Thomson who calculated that the momentum of the electrons hitting the paddle wheel would only be sufficient to turn the wheel one revolution per minute."
This is a ...
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0answers
56 views
What will happen if electron as a wave undergo destructive interference while travelling in its Orbit?
Today I came across a justification of Bohr's angular momentum quantization using the De- Broglie's hypothesis.
The justification said that since the electrons are having wave nature also then while ...
1
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1answer
111 views
How do I view a DSN6 file as text?
I am trying to isolate certain pieces of information within a dsn6 file. Specifically, I want to find the electron density around two atoms within a protein. I want to then run a python code to ...
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1answer
40 views
Wave-particle duality [closed]
Can I get an answer stating some analogies on how electrons behave like a wave, and what does it even mean for an electron to behave like a wave?
Also, if going around the nucleus, is electron a real ...
0
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0answers
41 views
questions about half cell of Daniell cell
My questions are as follows:
For the Daniell cell, we assume that ZnSO4 and CuSO4 are 1M aqueous solutions. What if we use pure molten ZnSO4 and CuSO4 instead?
Assume that we prepare an isolated half-...
3
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1answer
61 views
Spatial Wavefunction Symmetries and Identical Particles
I was reading this and it mentions in the 3-electron section, that for a spacial wave function to be symmetric under fermion swapping, it must be a function of even parity. Similarly for anti-symmetry ...
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1answer
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Why electrons move to Cu in galvanic cells?
I'm student who learning about chemistry, and I got problem about understanding why electorns move to Cu in galvanic cells.
Let's think the reason for electrons going to Cu is that the standard ...
0
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0answers
20 views
Image formation in LEEM
currently I'm studying for my master's examination in physical chemistry. The topic will be surfaces and catalysis. To prepare myself I'm reading "Surface Science - An introduction" by Oura. ...
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0answers
25 views
What Ion gets reduced in this aqueous electrolysis?
In an electrolysis of tin(II) iodide ($\ce{SnI2}$) with led cathode and nickel anode, why is it that the tin ion gets reduced and not the nickel ion?
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1answer
55 views
What are the other ways (if they exist) that atoms can gain or lose electrons that aren't bonding?
I know that electrons can be isolated through human intervention from their atoms. My question rather concerns if electrons are ever lost or gained naturally. I recognize that this is a stupid ...
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1answer
960 views
How to write electronic configuration of p-orbitals?
For example, the electronic configuration for the element boron can be writen as:
1s2 2s2 2p1
However, it is can be written more accurately by taking the different p-orbitals into account:
The ...
3
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2answers
2k views
MO diagram of BeH₂
I was learning about the MO diagrams of triatomic molecules and was left slightly confused about $\ce{BeH2}$.
A picture of the MO is shown below:
When looking at the $\mathrm{1s}$ combinations, I ...
0
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1answer
514 views
Question on deflection of cathode rays in a magnetic field [closed]
My book states that :
When only electric field is applied, the electrons deviate from their
path and hit the cathode ray tube at point A. Similarly when only
magnetic field is applied , the ...
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1answer
55 views
What do electrons usually do when lead acid battery is idle?
Lead acid batteries operation are governed by Redox reactions for charging and discharging. But, what do electrons usually do when lead acid battery is idle? And why?
Assumptions:
Say more ...
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1answer
79 views
Electrons in methane [closed]
Why does a molecule of methane have 10 electrons?
I used to think that the number of electrons in methane were 8 in number but it turns out that there are 10 in number but i dont know why.
Please ...
1
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1answer
54 views
What is the correlation between electronegativity and the sharing of electrons?
For example in a C-O bond, the electronegativity difference is 1.2. does this mean that the Oxygen has 1.2 of the shared electrons and Carbon 0.8 (or some other numbers)? Is there a specific equation ...
0
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1answer
50 views
Deducing the shell when transition occurs such that two photons are discharged
Find $n$ (quantum number) corresponding to the excited state of $\ce{He+}$ ion if on transition to ground state the ion emits two photons in succession with wavelengths $\pu{108.5 nm}$ and $\pu{30.4 ...
0
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1answer
79 views
Find the number of electrons [closed]
I am not understanding,why do we have to subtract the charge from the atomic number while finding the number of electrons.
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1answer
79 views
Why does ionisation energy to remove electrons from the same subshell increases? [closed]
Electrons in the same subshell possesses the same energy.
So why does ionisation energy to remove electrons from the same subshell increases?
For example, $\mathrm{2s^2}$ has two electrons. Since ...
8
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1answer
316 views
Why is the principal energy of an electron lower for excited electrons in a higher energy state?
Several places state the 'principal energy of an electron' can be calculated as such:
$$E = \frac{2π^2mZ^2e^4}{n^2h^2}$$
Another equation I found was:
$$E = -\frac{E_0}{n^2},$$
where $$E_0 = \pu{...
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1answer
5k views
What is the maximum number of emission lines when the excited electron of a H atom in n = 6 drops to ground state?
When an electron in a higher energy state jumps to a lower energy state in Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, it emits a photon which has energy equal to the difference in the energy between the final and ...
0
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1answer
743 views
When surface area of electrodes is increased, why does the current in the galvanic cell increase?
I did a lab in galvanic cells where I changed the surface area. As a result, the current increased, but I don't really understand why. I guessed it was because more are means that more ions from the ...
0
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1answer
1k views
Why do the f-block elements ( inner transition metals) have an oxidation number of +3? [closed]
The f-block valence electrons understandably include the outermost two from 6s. But why do the f-block elements have an oxidation number of +3, pulling an electron from an inner shell, not even a d-...
2
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1answer
284 views
Formulas for the number of spectral lines
While reading through Narendra Avasthi's Problems in Physical Chemistry, I came across two formulas on p. 64 (Scanned page):
When electrons de-excite from higher energy level ($n_2$) to lower ...
