Questions tagged [electrons]
Electrons are subatomic particles with the symbol e−. They have a negative electric charge (-1 elementary charge. )
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Does the anode become negative?
Electrolysis:
If anions continue to deposit electrons on the anode, does this mean after a while the anode becomes negative? If not how is the anode discharged from it’s electrons
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How to write electronic configuration of p-orbitals?
For example, the electronic configuration for the element boron can be writen as:
1s2 2s2 2p1
However, it is can be written more accurately by taking the different p-orbitals into account:
The ...
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2answers
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MO diagram of BeH₂
I was learning about the MO diagrams of triatomic molecules and was left slightly confused about $\ce{BeH2}$.
A picture of the MO is shown below:
When looking at the $\mathrm{1s}$ combinations, I ...
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1answer
46 views
Question on deflection of cathode rays in a magnetic field [closed]
My book states that :
When only electric field is applied, the electrons deviate from their
path and hit the cathode ray tube at point A. Similarly when only
magnetic field is applied , the ...
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Most exceptions to the predicted electron configuration indicated by the periodic table (or diagonal rule) occur as a result of [closed]
a) The stability of eight electrons in the outer level
b) The special stability of a half - filled sub level
c) The increased energy associated with higher principal quantum numbers
d) The ...
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1answer
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What do electrons usually do when lead acid battery is idle?
Lead acid batteries operation are governed by Redox reactions for charging and discharging. But, what do electrons usually do when lead acid battery is idle? And why?
Assumptions:
Say more ...
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1answer
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Electrons in methane [closed]
Why does a molecule of methane have 10 electrons?
I used to think that the number of electrons in methane were 8 in number but it turns out that there are 10 in number but i dont know why.
Please ...
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1answer
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What is the correlation between electronegativity and the sharing of electrons?
For example in a C-O bond, the electronegativity difference is 1.2. does this mean that the Oxygen has 1.2 of the shared electrons and Carbon 0.8 (or some other numbers)? Is there a specific equation ...
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1answer
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Deducing the shell when transition occurs such that two photons are discharged
Find $n$ (quantum number) corresponding to the excited state of $\ce{He+}$ ion if on transition to ground state the ion emits two photons in succession with wavelengths $\pu{108.5 nm}$ and $\pu{30.4 ...
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1answer
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Find the number of electrons [closed]
I am not understanding,why do we have to subtract the charge from the atomic number while finding the number of electrons.
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1answer
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Why does ionisation energy to remove electrons from the same subshell increases? [closed]
Electrons in the same subshell possesses the same energy.
So why does ionisation energy to remove electrons from the same subshell increases?
For example, $\mathrm{2s^2}$ has two electrons. Since ...
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1answer
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Why is the principal energy of an electron lower for excited electrons in a higher energy state?
Several places state the 'principal energy of an electron' can be calculated as such:
$$E = \frac{2π^2mZ^2e^4}{n^2h^2}$$
Another equation I found was:
$$E = -\frac{E_0}{n^2},$$
where $$E_0 = \pu{...
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1answer
67 views
What is the maximum number of emission lines when the excited electron of a H atom in n = 6 drops to ground state?
When an electron in a higher energy state jumps to a lower energy state in Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, it emits a photon which has energy equal to the difference in the energy between the final and ...
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1answer
65 views
When surface area of electrodes is increased, why does the current in the galvanic cell increase?
I did a lab in galvanic cells where I changed the surface area. As a result, the current increased, but I don't really understand why. I guessed it was because more are means that more ions from the ...
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1answer
136 views
Why do the f-block elements ( inner transition metals) have an oxidation number of +3? [closed]
The f-block valence electrons understandably include the outermost two from 6s. But why do the f-block elements have an oxidation number of +3, pulling an electron from an inner shell, not even a d-...
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1answer
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Formulas for the number of spectral lines
While reading through Narendra Avasthi's Problems in Physical Chemistry, I came across two formulas on p. 64 (Scanned page):
When electrons de-excite from higher energy level ($n_2$) to lower ...
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Effective nuclear charge and repulsion of electrons
Effective nuclear charge increases across a period. This is justified because number of protons increase in nucleus across a period, and there's no change in the number of "shielding" electrons. ...
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0answers
70 views
What is the reason behind the occurrence of inert electron pair effect?
I was reading the causes of variable electrovalancy and saw that most of the p block elements with configuration ns2 np1-4 have variable valancy and the reason is inert electron pair effect. I ...
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Calling compounds electron deficient [closed]
I believe this is a conceptual question and might sound silly, but please help me with it:
I can understand when ions like $\text{Co}^{3+},\text{Mg}^{2+}$ are called electron deficient, because they ...
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4answers
272 views
Is there any electronic component to water conductivity?
Answers to Decrease in temperature of a aqueous salt solution decreases conductivity indicate that the electrical conductivity of salt solutions arises from the mobility of ionic species and therefore ...
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2answers
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Why did J.J. Thomson observe protons in his cathode ray experiment?
In this MIT lecture, at 7:22, the professor says that when J.J. Thomson added a positively charged plate on one side of the cathode ray and a negatively charged plate on the other side, he observed a ...
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2answers
75 views
What about the aromaticity of cyclopropenylidene?
Here's a compound which we have to tell whether it's aromatic or not.
Drawing pi-orbital for the 3-membered ring, I think there are only 2 pi electrons delocalised all over the ring. The orbital ...
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2answers
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How do flame tests give off color if they only emit the colors when the electrons return to ground state?
Since we are constantly holding the element in the fire and the elements only give off the color when the electrons emit the energy that was supplied and return to ground state, why do we only see the ...
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1answer
416 views
How did J. J. Thomson prove that the cathode rays were made of negative particles and not negative rays?
In Thomson's experiment, he used a discharge tube to prove that the cathode rays that emanate from the cathode were made of "a stream of negatively charged particles" because they were repelled by an ...
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0answers
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How are second and third electron affinities of atoms measured?
Wikipedia data page on electron affinities shows second and third electron affinities. Of course, they are negative, because one tries to attach electron to anion. But how are they measured or ...
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1answer
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Why electrons are attracted by cathode in Voltaic/Galvanic cell
I studied that in the above setup electrons are attracted by Cu because of their reduction potential but they don't involve in reaction because of the d-bands of the electronic structure so Hydrogen ...
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1answer
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Covalent compounds [closed]
Which of the following bond has lowest energy?
1.C-C. 2.N-N
3.H-H 4.O-O 5.F-F
I don't understand the concept behind this question. If we take electronegative as a factor than option 5 is ...
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1answer
64 views
Why doesn't Silicon act as the basis of a class of compounds like Carbon is for organic compounds?
Carbon is the basis of organic materials in large part due to it's four valence electrons. Silicon also happens to have four valence electrons as well but does not serve as a basis for a large set of ...
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1answer
40 views
How to interpret a singlet term symbol for an s¹p¹ configuration?
I am interested in the $^1P_0$ singlet state of $\ce{Hg}$ ($\ce{5d^10 6s^1 6p^1}$).
I interpret this to be the two following electron configurations below, because for an $S = 0$ state the two ...
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2answers
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Can there be any substance whose number of electrons and protons are different at neutral state
I want to ask that if there any substance that has the different number of electrons and protons at its neutral state
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1answer
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Atoms in Solar Cells
An electric field in solar cells is created through photons knocking electrons off of atoms. What happens to the positively charged atoms once the electrons have been knocked off? Furthermore, are the ...
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1answer
259 views
Are the 2s and 2p subshells degenerate in the He+ ion?
I know that the 2s and 2p (as well as 3s, 3p, and 3d) electron subshells are degenerate in the hydrogen atom. I was wondering if they are also degenerate in other one-electron species, such as the $\...
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1answer
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Why in honeycomb graphene sheet each Carbon atom has 7 valence electrons and 3 bonds according to the following image? [closed]
Carbon has four valence electrons. But in the honeycomb structure of graphene, each carbon atom has a triple bond? Because if you look at methane gas:
$\ce{CH4}$
So shouldn't there be 8 valence ...
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3answers
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De-excitation of a molecule
In our chemistry lecture today on UV/vis-spectroscopy, we discussed the origin of colour in conjugated molecules due to electronic transitions from lower-energy molecular orbitals to higher-energy ...
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Electron promotion in hybridisation: A misconception
Recently, I read through a short article on Nature Chemistry, written by Michelle Francl, titled "Talking to Pauling's ghost". The article talks about how electron promotion was never something that ...
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2answers
200 views
Why do atoms have electron Affinity? [duplicate]
Atoms are stable so how can they pull electrons i.e how do they have any electron affinity at all?
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1answer
108 views
Very elementary question about valence electrons of ionic compound
In a university entrance question, I found this question:
What is the number of valence electrons of $\ce{Mg(OH)2}$? Answer = 24
I know that Mg has 2 valence electrons and O has 6. But I don't ...
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2answers
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Chemistry: A Chemical Dilemma [closed]
We accept that, via observations that an electron possesses a negative charge and a proton a positive charge, both of which attracting each another. My dilemma lies here, what is the reason for the ...
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2answers
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In a copper wire, how many electrons does each atom give away?
As an ion, copper can give off 1, 2, 3 or 4 electrons. But it has 1 s electron in the last shell and 10 d electrons. So as a metal, how many of those are delocalised and free to move around, and how ...
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1answer
486 views
Can visible light or infrared radiation excite electrons?
So the limit of ionizing radiation seems to be UV light.
I'm wondering if IR light or Visible light can excite the electrons in an atom.
It has to do with the difference in energy level right?
So ...
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1answer
70 views
Quantization and Bohr's model
According to quantization it's said that emitted or absorbed energy is quantized.
Then, when it's said in bohr's model an electron changes its orbit (Let's say it goes to a higher energy shell from $...
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1answer
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Why does iron lose exactly 3 electrons in oxidation?
I'm not a chemist, but I have this question. Why does iron (Fe atom) lose three electrons when exposed to oxygen for the first time? Why doesn't it lose less than or more than three electrons?
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As an atom get's bigger (on increasing atomic no.) , electrons have to move faster and faster around the nucleus, Why?
Does speed even make sense at such small scales ? Heisenbergs Uncertainty principle ?
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2answers
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Why is there an orbital angular momentum if the electron isn't properly revolving around the nucleus?
I'm a tenth grader who's just been introduced to this subject of atomic structure, so please help.
I recently read that an electron doesn't have circular motion around a nucleus, its motion is kind ...
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0answers
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Why do electrons not flow through the electrolyte? [duplicate]
Why do the electrons not flow through the electrolyte instead of the external circuit in a electrolytic cell connected to an external circuit? I mean, if an electrolyte is a conductor why would the ...
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1answer
74 views
Are my intuitions about how batteries work right? [closed]
Being really fascinated by how electricity actually works, I started studying batteries.
I initilally understimated the complexity of this apparently-simple objects, and thorugh studies and researches ...
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1answer
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Are there bonds which share single electron?
Are there bonds which share single electron?
During chemical bonding, I asked our teacher why there are only 2 electrons shared in a bond. He said that because it's that one orbital can accommodate ...
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4answers
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Do electrons have some volume, area or shape?
I am in 8th grade now and when I was in 6th grade, my science book had diagrams of the electronic configuration of atoms. The electrons were round like spherical balls. Is it true that the electrons ...
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1answer
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Compounds with high electron density [closed]
If $d$ is the ratio of the total number of electrons in a compound and the average radius(of all anions and cations, or covalent radii), are there known compounds (inorganic or organic) where $d$ is ...
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0answers
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Why do objects gain electrons? [duplicate]
I have read that objects gain electrons to become negatively charged and also that they lose electrons to become positively charged. I have also read that same charges repel each other and non-same ...
