Questions tagged [bond]
For questions about chemical bonds (ionic/covalent/etc.), their properties (length, energy, angle, etc.) or their relation to other molecular properties (intermolecular forces/dipole moment/etc.). Do not confuse this tag with [lewis-structures], [dipole], [intermolecular-forces], etc.
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Melting Point of Ionic Bonds?
The melting and boiling point of Ionic Bonds is high due to the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged particles. However Ionic compounds are also extremely brittle. I can't ...
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Why does potassium bifluoride exist whereas bichloride does not?
Why does the reaction \eqref{rxn:R1Q} take place, but the reaction \eqref{rxn:R2Q} does not?
$$
\begin{align}
\ce{HF(aq) + KF(aq) &-> KHF2(aq)}\label{rxn:R1Q}\tag{R1} \\
\ce{HCl(aq) + KCl(aq) &...
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Why do H and Li bond so differently with a hydroxide?
I am sure I am asking a very basic question but before coming here, I have made multiple attempts to find an answer elsewhere. Or maybe I am simply asking the wrong question, in some sense. If someone ...
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What is covalency of carbon and oxygen in hydrogen isocyanide [closed]
What is definition of covalency. My teacher taught us. The definition of covalency is . 1> number of unpaired electron in ground state or excitate state. Or
2> total number of covalent bonds. ...
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Why doesn't SO2 have dative (coordinate) covalent bonds? It is easier to explain SO2 in that way [closed]
Why doesn't SO2 have dative (coordinate) covalent bonds? How do we know that it is the case?
It is easier to explain SO2 with a dative covalent bond rather than saying S's valency shell expands.
Why ...
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what type of bonding does occur in S-O in sulfuric acid?
Sulfur has hypervalency and in Why do compounds like SF6 and SF4 exist but SH6 and SH4 don't? is seen that a two pair of electrons in the MO diagram of $\ce{SF6}$ are localized in the fluorine ...
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Distinction between Ionic and Covalent Bonds? [duplicate]
I've read that all bonds consist of both Ionic and Covalent characters to some degree and that there is no clear distinction between the two. However, I want to research this more and cannot determine ...
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Two double bonds in a nitromethane [duplicate]
In a nitromethane there is only one double bond between N and O, but N has 5 valence electrons, so why can't it form two double bonds with both O atoms? Why can't it form a structure like this?
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Why do non-metals not have delocalised electrons, whilst metals do have delocalised electrons?
Why do non-metals not have delocalised electrons, whilst metals do have delocalised electrons? I understand that delocalised electrons is defined as “electrons that are not bound in place to a single ...
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How heating of copper sulphate pentahydrate (blue vitriol) can be explained?
The chemical formula of copper sulphate pentahydrate, $\ce{CuSO4\cdot 5H2O}$ does not give information about its true structure because it's only an empirical formula.
It forms a polymeric structure. ...
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How do you know if a bond according to VB theory consists of 2 "3 electron bonds" or one "fully paired" bond?
First of all, I want to discuss the whole thing strictly according to the VB - theory and not use any concepts of the MO - theory.
According to Linus Pauling, the "3 electron Bond" is the ...
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Why is phosphine more acidic than ethylene?
Shouldn't ethylene should be more acidic? It has a C=C bond, so the density of electron cloud would be higher in the areas of the double bond while the C-H single bond have way less electron density. ...
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Do Boron and Silicon form metallic-type bonds in alloys?
For context I am a physics student currently doing a project that involves metallic glasses. I am trying to figure out if you can get Ionic bonds inside an alloy with metalloids. More specifically, I ...
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What is the difference between ionic bonding and the general transmission of charge?
I understand that in ionic bonding electrons are transferred from atom to atom and these ions are then attracted to each other forming a new compound. How is this different from any other transfer of ...
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Do two atoms 'participating' in a single covalent bond rotate in only one direction, without rotating the entire molecule?
A Biology textbook stated that, "single bonds allow the atoms they join to rotate freely about the bond axis".
This definition is not clear enough for me to answer the question, "do two ...
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Does propene have resonance structures? [closed]
Propene is an alkene with a double bond between 2 carbon atoms. $\ce{C3H6}$ may have 2 resonance structures due to 2 possible placings of the double bond. E.g. it can be C=C-C or C-C=C (ignoring ...
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What is the determining factor between two potential bond candidates? [closed]
Say you have a vacuum (imaginary, of course) with three hydrogen atoms, how do we determine which two will bond and which one will be left out? If the same energy is present (equally) for the entire ...
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Which water is easier to filter? Rain water or tap water [closed]
I understand the water greatly varies depending on the region and filtration differs as well. Is it better to filter rain water or tap water from contamination like hormones, pesticides, and cloud ...
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How are polyatomic ions formed? [closed]
I know that there should be a covalent bond between polyatomic ions, such as $\ce{SO4^2-}$. But what causes it to suddenly gain electrons and become an ion?
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Would a hypothetical Og2 +235 form a chemical bond?
In a hypothetical (?) Og2+235 we would have a simple sigma bonding orbital occupied by one electron (leading to a bond order of 1/2). But how to take into account the giant repulsion of the two nuclei?...
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Is there an intuitive answer why burning is very exothermic? [closed]
Water and carbon dioxide are much lower in energy than hydrocarbon and oxygen. Is there an intuitive answer for this? Is this because atom arrangements that have more polar bonds tend to be lower in ...
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Why is the imine (C=N) bond so weak?
Nitrogen is similar to carbon in terms of electronegativity and size. MO theory suggests that the more electronegative N would result in a lowering of the of the π-bonding energy, E(πCN), below the E(...
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How do I determine the hybridization of terminal atoms? [duplicate]
I've read that terminal atoms do not undergo hybridization because there is no need to.
For example, CF4, C undergo sp hybridization, but fluorine do not hybridize.
How about CO2? Why is oxygen sp2 ...
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Does formal charge or the octet rule take precedence over one another?
In my AP chem test, I had a question that asked me to find the bond order of the ion $\ce{SO3^2-}$.
To draw the lewis structure, I determined that there are a total of $6+3\cdot 6+2=26$ electrons, and ...
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Where is the aromatic ring in the pentacene molecule?
I have the following problem: I am given the coordinates of the atoms of a pentacene molecule ($\ce{C22H14}$), and I would like to find the ring where the aromatic bond is located. Is this possible? ...
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Why does temperature remain constant during phase changes?
In a phase change the temperature remains constant but I can't understand why. The answers I have read state that during phase changes energy is only used to break bonds between molecules rather than ...
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What is the reason you could use synthetic detergent in hard water？
I learned that because synthetic detergent doesn't make strong dative bond with $\ce{Ca^2+}$ or $\ce{Mg^2+}$, you could use it in hard water. But I couldn't understand why soap makes strong dative ...
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Enthalpy and Bond Energy Sign Convention
I read that a negative enthalpy of formation means an exothermic reaction. Does that mean this reaction is true? The enthalpy of formation for $\ce{H_2O}$ is -285.8 kJ/mol.
$$\ce{2H2(g) + O2(g) -> ...
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Why does XeO3 not hybridize d orbitals? [duplicate]
Apologies if this is a dumb question. In my chemistry class we are discussing hybridization, and an example that came up for $sp_3$ hybridization was the compound $\ce{XeO3}$.
However, this seems ...
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What role does atomic radius play in the strength of a covalent bond?
How exactly do atomic radii influence the strength of a covalent bond? For instance, if I had a carbon atom covalently bonding to a fictitious nonmetal atom $\ce{X}$ and another nonmetal atom $\ce{Y}$ ...
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Quadruple. quintuple and sextuple bonds [duplicate]
I am a highschool student and till now i thought 3 bonds was the limit, however yesterday i came across [Re2Cl8] which has a quadruple bond between the two rhenium atoms. when i further dug into this, ...
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Energy Conservation
So as we start Valence Bond Theory in Chemical Bonding from Inorganic Chemistry.
Then we are introduced to reasoning behind bond formation as follows:
As it is a well known fact that $$Potential\;...
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What is the logic behind the steric number formula?
My teacher taught us two methods two calculate steric number for determining hybridisation.
The first method was to count the total number of sigma bonds and add the lone pairs of the central atom. I ...
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Confusion related to exception in Fajan's rule (Regarding prediction in solubility of compounds in polar solvents)
My teacher taught us that higher the ionic character in a compound, higher is its solubility in polar solvents like water.
To illustrate this statement, he also gave us the following example-
LiOH< ...
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How does bond formation affect the energetics of the bond?
I am an 11th grade student who has just started learning about bonds in compounds. My question pertains to a line written in JD Lee's Concise Inorganic Chemistry for JEE (Main and Advanced)
It was ...
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Crude palm oil DOBI analysis
I'm performing Crude Palm Oil DOBI spectrum analysis using uv-1900i UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a range of 269nm and 446nm but it's only giving peak absorbance at 446nm but no reading at 269nm,what ...
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Equilibrium Bond Length & Diatomic Molecules
Must every diatomic molecule always have an equilibrium bond length? That is, is there always a distance between two nuclei such that the Coulomb attraction between the electron and protons ...
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Why aluminum does not form ammonia complex ion?
I learned in my textbook that zinc forms more stable complex ion with NH3 than OH- because NH3 has only one lone pair and that makes repulsion between d orbital electron in zinc and lone pair electron ...
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What is resonance in actuality? (How does electron sharing, bond formation, and overlapping of orbitals take place in resonance hybrids?) [duplicate]
In this post I got an answer to the question "what is resonance".
What I understand overall is that "resonance is not something really happening physically, it is just an idea to make ...
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Covalent compounds-What are the reasons for attraction between atoms to be strong...? [duplicate]
In general, most of the covalent compounds are known to have low boiling point and melting point due to the weak Van der Waals forces between molecules in them, requiring lesser heat to break the bond....
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What bonds are formed between O2 molecules?
So for context the question preceding this is what bonds form within O2, which I know to be covalent bonds. I am not so sure on the bonds between O2 molecules. My first thought is that the bonds would ...
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Unequal bond lengths of resonating bonds in dinitrogen trioxide
Here is an image showing the resonance structures of $\ce{N2O3}$ molecule,
As the bonds numbered (2) and (3) are in resonance, they will have same bond lengths but each with bond order less than two. ...
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Do chemical bonds impact half-life of elements?
Let’s say we have element X with half life of 100 years. Can chemical bonds like X−X or X−Cl increase/decrease half-life of X?
As a follow up question, can it increase/decrease radioactivity of X?
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Where does the energy in coal bonds come from?
I have been told that when the plants intake carbon dioxide they break carbon and oxygen apart and the carbon is utilised in making the plant's body. This process is driven by the sun's energy so when ...
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Bond angle in ethers due to lone pair and bond pair repulsions
When I was learning VSEPR theory, we were taught that lone pair–lone pair repulsions are maximum followed by lone pair–bond pair and then bond pair–bond pair repulsions.
The bond angle in dimethyl ...
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What is the hybridization of oxygen atoms in boric acid?
I was making the $\ce{H3BO3}$ structure and tried to think of hybridization of oxygen atoms and got confused between $\mathrm{sp^2}$ and $\mathrm{sp^3}$.
Boron has empty orbitals, so the lone pairs of ...
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Can Polarizing Power and the Inductive Effect both explain the highly covalent bonds of Mn2O7?
The Mn-O bonds of Mn2O7 have more covalent character than those of MnO2. This makes sense when imagining Mn2O7 to consist of Mn7+ ions and O2- ions; the high charge of the cations give them a high ...
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When does the angle between the planes in tetrahedral molecule with central atom deviate from 90°?
Consider an atom X bonded to four other atoms A, B, C, D in a tetrahedral fashion with sp³ hybridisation. If A, B, C, D are the same, every bond angle is 109.47°, and the angle between the planes ...
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Is Bent's Rule an alternative explanation for the Inductive Effect?
Today I read that Bent's Rule can be used to explain the inductive effect (I was reading the Consequences section of this Wikipedia article). If I understand it correctly, for a molecule CL3R, the ...
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Does the charge on an atom impact the polarization of covalent bonds?
So far, I have generally seen polarization power only discussed in terms of ionic bonds: small, highly charged cations have more polarization power, and large anions are more polarizable. The more ...
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