Questions tagged [bond]
For questions about chemical bonds (ionic/covalent/etc.), their properties (length, energy, angle, etc.) or their relation to other molecular properties (intermolecular forces/dipole moment/etc.). Do not confuse this tag with [lewis-structures], [dipole], [intermolecular-forces], etc.
1,161
questions
-1
votes
0answers
20 views
Backbonding in phosphorous pentoxide
I read this today in a book that $\ce{P=O}$ in $\ce{P4O10}$ consists of a coordinate bond and pπ-dπ backbonding, but why does this happen?
Can't phosphorus share its lone pair with one of the lone ...
-1
votes
0answers
69 views
Delocalisation in Anti-Aromatic compounds
Recently, while solving questions on aromaticity, I came across a fact (as mentioned in the solution key of the question set) that there is
NO DETECTABLE delocalisation in Anti-Aromatic compounds.
...
0
votes
1answer
75 views
Which of the following has a stronger hydrogen bonding: F-H- -O or F-H- -F?
I thought of two approaches to solve this question . Since the electronegativity of Oxygen is lower than Fluorine it would be a better donor than Fluorine to the electron deficient Hydrogen . Another ...
0
votes
1answer
35 views
What is exposed in the surface tension of water?
(I guess) I understand the covalent bonding of water and the hydrogen bonding of water between two different molecules, but I would like to know which part is the part that that exposes itself to the ...
1
vote
1answer
38 views
Why do atoms on the periodic table have the number of valence electrons that they do?
I'm studying year 11 and am learning about valence electrons and how these electrons drive intermolecular bonds.
What I have not been able to find an explanation to is why all the elements on the ...
-1
votes
0answers
32 views
Xe compounds - without O or F
I may be wrong, because this is purely based on observation-Is it true that Xe does not form compounds without O or F?
If yes, could you please elaborate the reason behind it?
(I have a basic ...
-1
votes
0answers
59 views
Why doesn't PH5 exist? [duplicate]
I have a basic understanding of VBT, hybridisation and VSEPR. However, I still can't come up with a reason as to why $\ce{PH5}$ doesn't exist while $\ce{PH3}$ and $\ce{PCl5}$ do.
Can anyone please ...
0
votes
0answers
23 views
Dipole moments of cis and gem alkenes [duplicate]
The procedure for comparing dipole moments for cis- and trans-alkenes is quite easy, but how to compare dipole moments of
1,1 dichloroethene (1); and
cis-dichloroethene (2)?
My teacher told me that ...
0
votes
1answer
38 views
How to bond polymer to polymer (TPU on PMMA)
I wanted to bond TPU films to PMMA slab. I have tried thermal bonding but it is was not practical(I do not know why?). Can anyone please give me a method to bound them? Thanks
1
vote
0answers
37 views
why does lithium fluoride have a higher lattice energy than lithium iodide?
Based on my knowledge, lattice energy is proportional to the multiplcation of the charge of the ions, divided by the sum of the radius of ions, as follows.
Since iodide has a larger radius than ...
-2
votes
1answer
50 views
what is the graphic difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Reading my chemistry 101 again I can not find a graphical difference between an ionic bond (gaining-losing and electron) and a covalent bond (sharing) an electron when I try to think of the orbits/...
1
vote
2answers
37 views
Aspartic acid conjugate base acidity
Question
Which hydrogen among the four in the conjugate base of aspartic acid is most acidic?
Answer
My attempt
I am confused between Hb and Hc
I know Hd has $\mathrm pK_\mathrm a \approx 9$, so ...
-2
votes
2answers
69 views
How do you know what elements will bond in a reaction? [closed]
I know all about the types of reactions, synthesis, decomp. etc., but when a bond is broken, how do you know that the free element will bond to another molecule?
Is it because that element has a ...
1
vote
1answer
59 views
Interpretation of Orbital data as provided
This a neat looking Borax compound. While exploring the molecule in a computer simulation, I found that the oxygen atoms in the 8-membered outer ring had an $\ce{sp^2}$. My curiosity led me to ...
4
votes
1answer
63 views
How is bond angle of a molecule measured?
Simply, how are (average?) bond angles for simple (or complex) molecules such as methane or ethene measured (determined)?
I'm guessing that X Ray crystallography can be used to determine bond angles ...
3
votes
1answer
60 views
Calculation of rupture force in a covalent bond
Is there any way to theoretically or mathematically calculate the rupture force of a covalent bond?
One of the articles I saw said that it is the maximum derivative of the potential energy curve. Is ...
0
votes
0answers
49 views
What is the hybridisation in HCN molecule?
According to VSEPR theory hybridisation of the central atom should be sp. However, my teacher says that there exists a near-100% s-character in the carbon orbital that bonds with hydrogen due to some ...
1
vote
0answers
73 views
What is the exact statement of Drago's rule? [duplicate]
While studying the topic of chemical bonding, I came across a statement given by my teacher:
Elements of the third period and above do not show hybridisation. An example, in the case of $\ce{PH_3}$, $...
2
votes
1answer
79 views
Why HBr has stronger attraction between molecules than CH3NH2?
Which of the following compounds exhibits dipole-dipole forces as its strongest attraction between molecules?
a) $\ce{CO2}$
b) $\ce{CH3NH2}$
c) $\ce{Kr}$
d) $\ce{H2}$
e) $\ce{HBr}$
From what I ...
2
votes
2answers
203 views
Comparing bond angles in carbonyl dichloride and carbonyl dibromide
Background
I was studying VSEPR and hybridization theory and one of the popular questions in many textbooks was comparison of bond angle of $\ce{NH3}$, $\ce{NF3}$ and $\ce{NCl3}$.
$\ce{NF3}$ had ...
-1
votes
0answers
29 views
Why does thionyl tetrafluoride have a double bond to oxygen rather than a single bond?
Why does the sulfur atom have a double bond to the oxygen in the $\ce{SOF4}$ structure, rather than a single bond? I think oxygen would still have an octet either way. When drawing the Lewis structure,...
0
votes
1answer
35 views
How do orbitals overlap in difluorosilane? [closed]
In $\ce{SiH2F2}$ four orbitals of silicon $(\mathrm{3s},$ $\mathrm{3p}_x,$ $\mathrm{3p}_y,$ $\mathrm{3p}_z)$ overlap with two hydrogen $(\mathrm{1s})$ and two fluorine $(\mathrm{2p}).$
I want to know ...
0
votes
2answers
68 views
Importance of halogens and nitrogen in degree of unsaturation
Why is oxygen (or other elements) isn't present in the formulae for calculation of the value of degree of unsaturation $(\mathrm{DU})$ as it usually more common than nitrogen and halogens.
And whats ...
1
vote
1answer
39 views
Solubility of Amides
I was looking into how the solubility of amides compares to other compounds e.g. acids and amines, and came across these two statements on the wikipedia page for amides:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
-2
votes
2answers
96 views
How is bond length of C-O and C-N same?
In NCERT and many other books it is given that bond length of $\ce{C-O}$ and $\ce{C-N}$ is same. But, how can it be possible as size of oxygen is smaller than that of nitrogen so bond length of $\ce{C-...
6
votes
1answer
80 views
Hypervalency of orthonitrate
I have always believed that it is impossible for the atoms of period 2 elements (when they are the central atoms in polyatomic ions/molecules) to accommodate more than 8 electrons in their valence ...
0
votes
1answer
21 views
what happens to the intramolecular bonds within water molecule during phase changes? [closed]
Does intramolecular bonds within water molecule change during phase changes?
2
votes
2answers
61 views
Effect of magnetization on oxidation (rusting) of iron
Can magenetizing a piece of iron bar slow-down (or speed-up) the oxidation (rusting) process? In other words have any influence on it ?
From what I've looked up( wikipedia, quora), it appears that the ...
1
vote
2answers
46 views
Average energy concept
Problem
When the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals is equal to number of electrons in anti-bonding molecular orbitals bond cannot be formed between two atoms because
A) Bonding effect ...
0
votes
0answers
77 views
Does the electron displacement effect act only on sigma electrons?
Our teacher told us that the inductive effect or the electron displacement effect can only affect the sigma electrons. I did not understand why this should be.
I reasoned it can not affect the pi ...
1
vote
0answers
34 views
Dimeric alkali metal cations?
This answer points to a reference that appears to suggest the existence of $\ce{M2^{2+}}$ ions where $\ce{M}$ is an alkali metal. How is that possible when each monomeric cation has a closed-shell, ...
4
votes
3answers
176 views
The meaning of permanent dipole moment
I was asked in one question that which of all given molecules have a permanent dipole moment?
And $\ce{XeF6}$ was given as a correct answer quoting that it is a distorted octahedral, and hence the ...
1
vote
0answers
33 views
What is “ionic-covalent ”resonance?
Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Text on Pg. 228, Chapter 8 titled 'Boron' talks about three factors which appear to be responsible for the shortness of $\ce{B-X}$ bonds(where $\ce{X}$ is ...
1
vote
0answers
61 views
Is the C-I bond polar?
Carbon and iodine have similar electronegativities. The reason quoted for the C-I bond having polarity is that iodine is more polarisable.
But what does this actually mean? Carbon distorts the ...
1
vote
0answers
33 views
Bond strength and length of HF and H2O
I know that acidity of an acid increases across a period (with electronegativity increase of the atom bonded to hydrogen) and hence $\ce{HF}$ is more acidic than $\ce{H2O}$ or $\ce{NH3}$. But the ...
1
vote
1answer
88 views
Does sanding the oxide layer of a magnesium sample break bonds?
We all know that if we keep a piece of magnesium metal exposed in open air, an oxide layer forms on it. This layer prevents further oxidation of the bulk metal. If we then rub it with sand paper, the ...
-1
votes
1answer
38 views
Honey moisture and increase in temperature? [closed]
I've been interested quite lately on how moisture would be affected as the temperature increases. My experiment methodology is that I will be manipulating temperatures of the honey between 20,40,60,80 ...
0
votes
0answers
15 views
How the attraction takes place between a hydrogen atom and the acceptor atom in a hydrogen bond
In hydrogen bonds present in water,does the hydrogen atom attracts to the lone pair of electrons present on the oxygen atom or to its partial negative charge? If former is the case are there any ...
0
votes
1answer
47 views
Bond rotation energy comparison of aromatic compounds
Which of the above compounds has a lower bond rotation energy?
Here is my progress: We basically need to find which compound has more single bond character. Now both compounds will break the double ...
0
votes
2answers
52 views
How do you explain partial charges in molecules that have a dipole? [closed]
For example if i have hydrogen and fluorine covalently bonded with each other, it would result in a polar molecule with the valence electrons being pulled closer to the fluorine than it is to the ...
0
votes
2answers
45 views
Covalent bond nature in electronegativity gap
Does a large difference in electronegativity mean the covalent bond is weaker?
In a covalent bond between two atoms of different electronegativities, the bonding electrons are pulled towards the more ...
3
votes
1answer
114 views
Is carbon–sodium bond mainly ionic or covalent?
We all know that carbon mostly forms covalent bonds (almost always) and sodium mostly forms ionic bonds (almost always). But if $\ce{NaOH}$ reacts with ethyne, then $\ce{HC#CNa}$ and $\ce{H2O}$ are ...
1
vote
1answer
98 views
What does it actually mean by stability of an atom
There are several rules related to stability of an atom, like octet rule, half filled or fully filled d orbital etc. But none of them (at my best knowledge) does not explain why an atom is stable when ...
0
votes
2answers
81 views
Why are chelating ligands often used to treat poisoning by heavy metals (e.g. mercury, lead)?
Why are chelating ligands such as EDTA often used to treat poisoning by heavy metals (e.g., mercury, lead)?
I have a vibe that it has something to do with the lone pairs of electrons that are able to ...
3
votes
1answer
40 views
Distance requirement for hydrogen bonding to occur
I am trying to understand the distance requirement for hydrogen bonding to occur (more specifically in the context of protein folding). There needs to be a donor and acceptor atom for bonding to occur....
1
vote
1answer
53 views
Heterolytic vs homolytic cleavage of the C−H bond in cyclopentadiene
Consider the cleavage of the indicated hydrogen in cyclopentadiene:
The hydrogen indicated will be easily removed as $\ce{H^.}$ or $\ce{H^+}$. Assume a nonpolar medium.
My question was that would ...
4
votes
1answer
50 views
Thermodynamic model of inclusion process of alpha-cyclodextrin
I have a question about thermodynamic model of inclusion process of CD, published by Tabushi (DOI: 10.1021/ja00471a043). Here, in 3rd step, action is described as: "An apolar solute (guest molecule) ...
-2
votes
1answer
63 views
What is an exothermic reaction in terms of bond breaking and bond formation? [duplicate]
Nitrogen + Hydrogen -> Ammonia
This reaction has a $\Delta H$ of -93kJ
This reaction is exothermic. Explain what it means in terms of bond breaking and bond formation
I know an exothermic reaction ...
5
votes
1answer
110 views
The source for the N-N bond dissociation energy of 240 kJ/mol in the table
Authoring an exam question, I made the mistake of taking a bond dissociation energy from a table I found on the internet. It comes in different styles, but is always labeled Table 7.1. It gives a bond ...
1
vote
0answers
21 views
Why is energy released when lattice formation takes place? [closed]
Whenever an ionic bond formation takes place it does so by forming a lattice and a subsequent amount of energy is released. What are the cause of release of energy and where does this energy come from ...
