Questions tagged [bond]
For questions about chemical bonds (ionic/covalent/etc.), their properties (length, energy, angle, etc.) or their relation to other molecular properties (intermolecular forces/dipole moment/etc.). Do not confuse this tag with [lewis-structures], [dipole], [intermolecular-forces], etc.
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Polarized Bond and Bond Strength Relationship
So more polarized bonds are generally stronger ($\ce{C-O}$ bond energy $> \ce{C-C}$ bond energy), but more polarized bonds are also more reactive... is this something to simply accept?
So, taking ...
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Why there are two coordinate bonds in a water molecule? [duplicate]
When water molecule forms a coordinate bond with a hydrogen ion it forms a hydronium ion(H3O+).
My doubt is that the oxygen atom is still left with another lone pair of electrons so why does it not ...
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Why is LiCl a hypovalent covalent molecule?
In a few books and online sources, LiCl is given as an example for "Incomplete Octet of Central Atom" that is, hypovalent. I don't understand why LiCl has covalent properties due to both the ...
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What does a crystal field mean, exactly?
I'm in grade 12 and just recently learned the nitty-gritty of coordination chemistry and compounds. In the crystal field theory in our syllabus, we study the specific case of the loss of degeneracy of ...
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Why does the acidity order (CH₄ < NH₃ < H₂O < HF) follow the bond strength order (C-H < N-H < O-H < F-H) when stronger bonds should resist breaking? [duplicate]
I'm trying to understand the relationship between bond strength and acidity in the series CH₄, NH₃, H₂O, and HF. The bond strength order is C-H < N-H < O-H < F-H, meaning the F-H bond is the ...
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Why is the C-Cl bond length in 4-chlorobenzaldehyde shorter than in chlorobenzene?
I understand that the -COH group in 4-chlorobenzaldehyde withdraws electron density from the benzene ring via the mesomeric (resonance) effect. This should, theoretically, reduce the electron density ...
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Can equatorial and axial bond lengths be equal in phosphorus difluoro trichloride? [duplicate]
I read somewhere that some NMR studies have shown the bond lengths in phosphorus difluoro trichloride to be equal. Could someone provide a source, or maybe tell me if this is misinformation?
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What is spanning of orbitals (also known as Hybridization index) ? Is it different from steric factor?
Basically during studying I got to find out that cyclopropane has hybridization of sp5 rather than sp3 here it was meant to signify index of hybridization ..
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How sp3 hybridized lone pair is forming double bond in Hyperconjugation?
I have the following alkene which performs Hyperconjugation, the 'alpha H' is removed from the 'alpha C' which is 'sp3' hybridized, but when it performs resonance and forms the double bond with the ...
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Existence of odd electron species (XeF5,ClO2)
So i read that XeF5 does not exist as it is compound with odd no of electrons. ClO2 being another odd no of electron compound exists. How? Is there anything i am missing here?
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How do the relativistic effects influence chemical bonding of hassium or other closely related super heavy elements?
While superheavy elements are notoriously unstable, there's plenty of theoretical research and even some experimental techniques are valid for nuclides decaying in a matter of seconds. They can verify ...
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Are all covalent compounds non-conductors of electricity?
According to my textbook:
The covalent compounds are said to be polar when the shared pair of electrons are not at equal distance between the two atoms. This results in the development of fractional ...
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Structure of Dimeric Beryllium Chloride
In the vapour phase, beryllium chloride exists in its dimeric state, wherein one beryllium atom is bound to two chlorine atoms via covalent bonds and to one chlorine atom via a coordinate bond with ...
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What is the bonding of p block elements in gas phase?
What is the molecular structure of the vapours of the solid p block elements like silicon, carbon, lead. I would like to focus the question to the main structure that exists in vapours but if any ...
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Bond lengths of M-CH2 vs M-O
Are there any known (ionic) solid structures with an anion site occupied by either $\ce{O^2-}$ or $\ce{(CH2)^2-}$ ?
If the answer is "yes", I'd like to know which anion forms shorter bond to ...
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Fabric bleaching / dyeing question
I just purchased this top at a consignment shop. 95% polyester with 5% elastic. Light tan with muted pink and green stripes. Despise the colors love the shirt. How do I either a) bleach it all white b)...
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Determining bonding characteristics of a structure from PDOS
Recently, I have been working with PDOS. I can read and understand PDOS to some extent, but I am not an expert in it. These are some of the graphs I have been working on. Can someone explain how to ...
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Reason for 19F NMR of OsO2F3 chemical shift
I have been learning that the $\ce{^{19}F}$-NMR spectrum of $\ce{[OsO2F3]^+}$ cation shows two sets of signals. There is a doublet and a triplet which accurately depicts that there are two axial ...
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Why do discrete states of matter exist as opposed to a continuous spectrum?
Why is it that bonds are broken at certain temperatures (melting and boiling points) only, that thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy at all other temperatures (and not potential energy)? This ...
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what really happens when an electron pair is shared in a bond?
I've never been able to understand how bonding between two atoms works.
When two atoms share an electron pair, does it mean the valence electrons of both atoms stop revolving in their shells and stop ...
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What type of interaction in a π-complex?
From Beyer-Walter Lehrbuch der Organischen Chemie, 24. Ed., P.72:
We have Ethene interacting with an electrophile $\ce{X+}$ with 2 different options:
The short living formation of an π-complex, ...
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Simple tool to estimate molecular dimensions [duplicate]
I would like to know the aproximate dimensions of a given molecule, it does not need to be very accurate.
Is there a free and simple tool to do a rough estimation?
For example, ChemDraw gives you ...
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Are the s orbitals or p orbitals more involved in bonding within 3rd period elements
I understand that within most diatomic molecule systems such as nitrogen gas the electrons within the s-orbitals have a net nonbonding effect but the p-orbitals are the ones that are involved in ...
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Why does triiodide have only single bonds?
The triiodide ion ($I_3^-$) has structure [I-I-I]$^-$, but the resonance structure [I=I-I]$^-\leftrightarrow$ [I-I=I]$^-$ seems more favourable to me. After all, it disperses formal charge and has a ...
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Factors affecting bond enthalpy
I am learning about chemical bonding and bond parameters, and came across this question:
Which of the following is the strongest bond?
a) C-C
b) C-H
c) C-N
d) C-O
I've learnt that bond enthalpy is ...
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Are there any 2D materials whose bonding can be best described as metallic rather than covalent?
Wikipedia's The nature of metallic bonding; In 2D says:
Graphene is an example of two-dimensional metallic bonding. Its metallic bonds are similar to aromatic bonding in benzene, naphthalene, ...
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Restriction of back bonding in tris(dimethylamino)borane
J.D. Lee Concise Inorganic Chemistry [3, p. 78] mentions that
The bond length order of the B-N bond in the following compounds is
$\ce{B(NR2)3}$ > $\ce{HB(NR2)2}$ > $\ce{H2B(NR2)}$
and the ...
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Why is a C=C weaker than a C=N and even weaker than a C=O when C-C is stronger than C-N and C-O?
Why is a C=C bond weaker than a C=N and even weaker than C=O ? In terms of orbital overlap it doesn't make sense, since there is a difference in energy between the orbitals which lower the interaction ...
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Why is Piperidine more basic than Pyridine? [duplicate]
Piperidine, which has sp3 carbons attached to it, experiences an increase in electron density on the nitrogen atom, making it more basic. However, when we look at the resonating structures of pyridine,...
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Bonding of urethane layers towards curing with respect to moisture and intentional abrasion of curing surface for adhesion
Here are three follow-up questions to my previous urethane-for-fine-art-painting question under
How do upper layers of urethane adhere or bond to lower layers after curing?
The curing time for the ...
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How are the individual atoms in a specimen of pure iron bonded to eachother?
I'm confused about the nomenclature related to bonding.
If two atoms are chemically bonded, the combination is called a molecule.
In a specimen (let's say a 3in x 3in cube) of pure iron, all of the ...
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Do any molecules contain a phi bond?
In chemistry, phi bonds (φ bonds) are covalent chemical bonds, where six lobes of one involved atomic orbital overlap six lobes of the other involved atomic orbital. I researched this question a lot; ...
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What do the pi antibonding orbitals of 1,5-hexadiene look like?
Hi so right now I'm learning about the Cope and Claisen rearrangements, and often something is shown where the antibonding pi orbitals of the two alkenes have to overlap in a certain way, like in the ...
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Binding energies of transition metals in the 3d series
Binding energy of the transition elements in the 3d series increases up to vanadium then drops from chromium to manganese and then increases slightly and then drops again
It is seen that binding ...
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Ionic Character of Metallic (Alkali Metals) Hydrides , and Reactivity
In my book , the following line has been written:-
All the alkali metal hydrides are ionic solids with high melting points
The ionic character , however, decreases from Li to Cs The reason being ...
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Why can't group 2B metals (Zn, Cd, Hg) form complexes with ligands such as CO, nitrosyl (NO), and olefins but do from complexes with NH3, CN- etc?
Why Group 2B metals (Zn, Cd, Hg) can form complexes with Ammonia ($\ce{NH3}$), Cyanide ($\ce{CN-}$) etc. and not with ligands such as carbonyl ($\ce{CO}$), nitrosyl ($\ce{NO}$), and olefins?
What I ...
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Question Involving Bonding (VSEPR AND VBT)
So basically any chemistry book will tell you about the extent of overlapping in different orbitals.
For formation of sigma bonds, head on overlapping happens. Chemistry textbooks always state that $p-...
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Where are the electrons located when two atomic orbitals overlap? (VBT)
According to the valence bond theory(VBT), a covalent bond is formed by the overlapping of atomic orbitals containing electrons of opposite spin which pair together. However what is the physical ...
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Why does boron have higher affinity for fluorine than oxygen?
$\ce{F-}$ can displace $\ce{OH}$ in $\ce{B(OH)3}$ and form $\ce{BF3}$. $\ce{BF3}$ is stable due to resonance, but donation of oxygen should be stronger, as -I power of fluorine dominates its lone pair ...
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What does the dot indicate in the molecular formula for white lead? [duplicate]
I came across the following molecular formula for white lead: $2\mathrm{Pb}\mathrm{CO3}·\mathrm{Pb(OH)_2}$. What does the center dot indicate here? Is this a non-covalent interaction of some kind? ...
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The mechanism for the addition of HCl to propylene
Problem:
The mechanism for the addition of HCl to propylene is described below.
Complete the mechanism in step 1 with one curved arrow showing the electron movement that occurs when the double bond ...
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What is the reason for the difference in melting point between oleic acid (9-octadecenoic acid) and isooleic acid (10-octadecenoic acid)
Isooleic acid only differs from oleic acid in the position of the double bond. I don't understand why this might lead to an increase in the melting point. The degree of saturation hasn't changed and ...
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Which of these monomers can polymerize by chain addition reaction?
Problem:
Which of these monomers can polymerize by chain addition reaction?
Solution:
The monomers with red crosses underneath them can polymerize by chain addition reaction.
Question:
So, how I am ...
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How do we judge whether a bond is a coordinate bond?
We know a coordinate bond refers to a covalent bond in which one atom provides a lone pair and the other provides an empty orbital. When OH- gets a proton and becomes H2O, O provides a lone electron ...
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How does more s character shorten bonds and strengthen bonds?
I'm aware that having more s character means that electrons are in the lowest energy state (?) and very close to the positive atomic nucleus. But then what’s the connection between having electrons ...
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Best representation of 1310384-76-9 / 1104637-53-7, a molecule with a coordination bond between nitrogen and boron
If you look up the above CAS numbers, you will sometimes find this structure:
which, I think correctly, our chemistry validation software tags as 'bad valence'.
In other websites you will find the ...
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Stability comparison between Acetylene/Ethyne (C2H2) and Nitrogen Gas (N2) [closed]
N≡N is more stable than H2N—NH2 (hydrazine)
But
HC≡CH is less stable than H3C—CH3
Why is it so? Even though the size of the corresponding compounds and hybridization is the same?
(Usually ethane is ...
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Why O-H bond and not C-O bond breaks in Acid Catalyzed Hydration of Alkene?
Recently, while studying Hydrocarbons I came across this reaction (Acid catalyzed hydration of an alkene)
What I don't get here is that the breaking of O-H bond (in Step 3) and not the C-O bond, even ...
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Amalgam Reaction
I have some doubt about Amalgams.
On google it says that amalgams are mixtures. However, when I mixed Na and Hg it 'reacted' to form the amalgam. If they are just mixtures, why do they react to form?
...
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Does dative bonding cause polarity?
When two atoms form a dative non-polar bond, does the one that shares the couple of electrons acquire a +δ charge and the other a -δ charge?
I have been told that in a dative polar bond the charge ...
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