Questions tagged [bond]
For questions about chemical bonds (ionic/covalent/etc.), their properties (length, energy, angle, etc.) or their relation to other molecular properties (intermolecular forces/dipole moment/etc.). Do not confuse this tag with [lewis-structures], [dipole], [intermolecular-forces], etc.
1,423
questions
-4
votes
0
answers
38
views
Exceptional cases of the octet rule during bond formation (ionic bond formation) [closed]
It is known fact that there are some exception to the octet rule during bond formation. One example is Lithium. During Ionic Bonding, Lithium tends to loss its one valence electron; thereby fulfilling ...
3
votes
1
answer
133
views
Why is expected bond energy the *geometric* mean of two pure bonds?
Suppose we are calculating the electronegativity of a bond A—B. In my textbook (Chemical Principles) calculation of electronegativity, they calculate electronegativity in terms of a variable ...
- 89
0
votes
1
answer
62
views
Are all bond lengths equal in 8 - annulene?
I know its non planar but I was wondering if all bond lengths are equal?
- 17
-3
votes
0
answers
45
views
Do metalloids show electrovalency or covalency?
I know that electrovalency and covalency are outdated terms as pointed out in comments to the question What is electrovalency and covalency?.
From what I have understood about these terms, metal-...
- 2,152
4
votes
1
answer
164
views
Why would the chlorine atom be assigned a positive partial charge in chloroform and carbon tetrachloride?
Looking at electronegativity tables, chlorine consistently has a higher electronegativity than carbon. However, when I use simple algorithms (molcalc, acc2), I get a positive partial charge on the ...
- 39.1k
-2
votes
1
answer
42
views
Why does the two OH bonds in H2O have different bond disassociation enthalpies? How does the bond cleavage happen here?
I came across this question, and in the text it was written as 'change in the chemical environment'. I wasn't satisfied with this explanation, so I am looking for a more detailed answer on this matter ...
0
votes
0
answers
69
views
What is electrovalency and covalency?
I know that valence is defined in the Gold Book, and valency, electrovalency, and covalency are not defined. However, there are some terms that are confusing me. According to the given definitions, a ...
- 2,152
0
votes
0
answers
40
views
Ionic bond formation [duplicate]
When two separate pieces of sodium chloride crystals are physically put together, no wonder that they will not fuse with each other.
But I don’t understand why. Ionic bonds are described to be non-...
- 325
-2
votes
0
answers
60
views
Why do some elements exhibit variable valency?
I searched across the internet and the only answers I found were that it is due to the inert pair effect or due to energy difference between orbitals. Now since Auf-Bau principle is used to write the ...
-2
votes
0
answers
27
views
methylphenidate hydrochloride structure (please help) [duplicate]
For the compound methylphenidate hydrochloride, is it actually bonded to the HCl, and if so, where and how? I'm just confused because every picture of the structure I see includes the HCl as a ...
- 1
-1
votes
2
answers
224
views
Do PH3F2 and XeS2 exist (in the light of hybridisation and Valence Bond Theory)? [Doubt in JEE question]
Do $\ce{PH3F2}$ and $\ce{XeS2}$ exist, in accordance with Valence Bond Theory?
According to Drago's Rule, if the central atom of a compound is an element of the third period, and the attached atom has ...
- 97
-2
votes
1
answer
61
views
Why is the statement regarding the strength of ionic bonds reasonable? [closed]
In largely ionic compounds (e.g. NaBr and NaI), it seems to be generally true that, the greater the differences of electronegativity between the forming substances (i.e. The compound has more "...
- 97
-1
votes
1
answer
127
views
A water molecule is bent. Why? [duplicate]
Consider the bent shape of $\ce{H2O}$ with a bond angle of $104°$. From my understanding, this is due to the lone pair repulsion between the 2 pairs of lone pair electrons. Hence, it adopts a ...
3
votes
1
answer
415
views
If charge is quantised, how can It delocalize?
As I was trying to understand resonance, I got to know that it was imaginary phenomenon and it is just a tool to explain mechanisms and structures that are unexplained by Lewis dot structures or ...
- 177
1
vote
1
answer
94
views
Bond order of carbon monoxide and nitrosyl cation
The following question was asked in JEE Mains exam in 2022, a competitive exam for engineering in India.
The difference between bond order of CO and NO$^+$ is $\frac{x}{2}$ where $x$ = ____. (Round ...
- 97
1
vote
1
answer
110
views
If diborane has 3c-2e bonds, then why are both boron atoms still electron deficit?
This is an image of the structure of diborane.
It has a 3-center-2-electron bridge bond.
As we can see in the bridge bond, the electron in the hydrogen atom and one electron in either boron atom is ...
- 97
-2
votes
1
answer
112
views
Dipole Moment in P4O8 molecule
So from the structure, which seems to be quite symmetrical, according to me the dipole moment should be zero.
user136760
0
votes
0
answers
53
views
What is the name of the bond between oxygen atoms and Na+ ions when NaCl dissolves in water?
When NaCl (sodium chloride, table salt) dissolves in water, the NaCl molecules break apart. The hydrogen atoms form hydrogen bonds (I think?) with the Cl- ions. What is the name of the bond between ...
- 109
-5
votes
1
answer
41
views
Why are HFOs like R-1234yf considered okay (for now) but PFAs are under attack? Don't they both contain strong Carbon-Fluorine bonds? [closed]
The popular (and professional) press is awash with alarms about some so-called 'forever' chemicals, the PFAs...
The older, ozone-destroying CFCs and HCFCs, as well as global-warming-inducing HFCs, and ...
- 1,793
-3
votes
1
answer
77
views
Why have my recent boiled eggs contain water within the membrane?
My wife recently boiled eggs from the grocery. Every single one of the eggs has contained water with in the membrane where the hollow portion of the egg is normally. I have only seen this if maybe the ...
1
vote
0
answers
118
views
Why doesn't ClO2 dimerise?
My teacher has told us that ClO2 does not dimerise due to delocalization of unpaired electron, but didn't elaborate on this. I didn't understand it.
- 15
0
votes
0
answers
27
views
How does bond strength affect catenation?
I am wondering why C with single bond strength 347 Kj/mol is able to form much longer linear bond chain, while S with single bond strength 266 Kj/mol is able to do so with difficulty, although not ...
- 67
4
votes
1
answer
125
views
What is the probability the bonds broken with sunlight reforming back?
The maximum wavelength $\lambda$ capable of breaking a chemical bond can be estimated as $\lambda = hc/E.$
UV-A $(\pu{380 nm})$ can break bonds with the energy up to $\pu{315 kJ mol^-1},$ UV-B $(\pu{...
- 319
3
votes
2
answers
130
views
Can the strength of a covalent bond be compared to the stiffness of a spring?
I am modelling a solid with the density functional theory. The solid contains different types of atoms. The atoms are covalently bonded. I want to estimate the strength of each bond. How can I do it?
...
-2
votes
1
answer
49
views
Calculating salinity from sodium and chloride in water [closed]
let me start by saying that I am definitely no chemist, so this question might (or might not) seem trivial to all you professionals out there.
I have recently found a brand of carbonated water here in ...
-4
votes
1
answer
370
views
Delta Bond Or Pi Bond, Which Is More Strong? [closed]
It is pretty evident that sigma bonds are more stronger than pi bonds. (due to the extent of overlapping)
But when there are 4 lobes of two d-orbitals involved in overlapping as that is the case in ...
3
votes
0
answers
46
views
Bonding and then breaking radioactive molecules
I was looking at Radon and noticed that it has a half-life of 3.8 days, yet still makes compounds with some other elements.
This got me wondering, are there any examples of chemical processes or ...
- 175
6
votes
1
answer
305
views
Weakness of S−I and Se−I bonds
After recent question about non-existent pnictide(V) iodides, I stumbled upon a similar issue in oxygen group. For example, $\ce{SI2}$ was reported to be found… but at the temperature as low as $\pu{9 ...
- 4,575
2
votes
0
answers
39
views
The electron structure in transition metallic bonding [duplicate]
Copper has an electron structure of $\ce{[Ar] 3d^10 4s^1}$. In salts it may form two stable ions, the $\ce{Cu^+}$ and $\ce{Cu^2+}$. (It's actually not very clear to me why the 2+ ion is common, why ...
- 256
3
votes
1
answer
323
views
What is the effect of dissolving ammonia in water on hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen bonding exists between $\ce{NH3}$ molecules. When $\ce{NH3}$ is dissolved in water, I know that hydrogen bonds are formed between $\ce{NH3}$ and $\ce{H2O}$ molecules. However, do the $\ce{NH3}...
- 59
4
votes
2
answers
434
views
Why does color of substances not disappear after some time?
Some compounds are colored due to HOMO-LUMO transition. We see the complimentary color to the frequency which the electron absorbs to get the high molecular orbital. But after some the electron should ...
- 133
0
votes
0
answers
145
views
Please explain the order of Lewis acidic strength in trichlorides of boron group
The order of decreasing Lewis acid character as per online sources is as follows:
BCl3 > AlCl3 > GaCl3 > InCl3
Reason cited is: As we move down the group, the size of atom increases, and as a ...
- 9
3
votes
1
answer
108
views
Dipole moments of trans and cis nitrous acid
I have a paper due about the isomers of nitrous acid, using various calculations methods to find molecular properties like their dipole moment. I've found the dipole moment of trans isomer to be 1.987 ...
3
votes
1
answer
166
views
Oxidation Number of the middle carbon in $\ce{C3O2}$ (Carbon Suboxide)
By taking the oxidation state of the terminal oxygen atoms as -2, and oxidation state of the carbon atoms adjacent to these oxygen atoms as +2, we are left with the oxidation state of the middle ...
- 53
2
votes
0
answers
71
views
Brittle Properties of Ionic Compounds? [closed]
From my understanding, ionic compounds are brittle due to the alternating cations and anions within their lattice. Hence when stress is applied, similarly charged ions will repel causing the structure ...
- 37
-1
votes
2
answers
153
views
Why do different orbitals have different shapes?
P and S orbitals have different shapes defining what kind of bond they have like pi bond, sigma bond etc. So I was wondering what actually determines the shape and each region for different types of ...
- 27
0
votes
1
answer
94
views
Formation of tetrafluoroborate using VBT and hybridisation
How can the formation of $\ce{BF_4^-}$(Boron is $\ce{sp^3}$ hybridized) be explained using VBT and Hybridization? So far, I understood that one electron from s orbital gets excited and jumps into a p ...
-4
votes
1
answer
148
views
What is the molecular orbital diagram of hydroxide anion? [closed]
Context
I am a teacher, and, during a class, my student asked me to draw the molecular orbital (MO) diagram of the hydroxide anion ($\ce{HO-}$). First, I made the diagram on the left, and then, when ...
- 2,152
1
vote
0
answers
71
views
Total bond dissociation temperature [closed]
I understand that covalent bonds break at a dissociation energy $D_0$ that is a function of the particular bond. And it looks like an upper bound on $D_0$ is known for possible covalent bonds.
It's ...
- 3,290
0
votes
0
answers
80
views
For radical polymerization reactions, azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) can also be used as a radical initiator
Draw the mechanism of radical formation if you know that N2 is formed as a by-product.
The solution they give us is
I know what radical polymerization is. The free electron of a molecule binds with ...
- 237
0
votes
1
answer
128
views
Are there compounds distance functions to define a compounds space metrics
Is there exist something like a distance function for compounds, computing a number for any two given molecules? Such a function would measure dissimilarity at the atomic structure and bonds levels, ...
- 195
-1
votes
1
answer
64
views
Does chloride ion have its electron in hybrid orbitals? [closed]
Where are the electron valamce shell electron located in $\ce{Cl}^-$. Are they in pure $p$ and $s$ orbitals? Or are they in $sp^3$ hybrid orbital?
If the answer is that they are in pure orbitals i.e. ...
- 140
-4
votes
1
answer
156
views
why chemical bond between Na and Cl happens [closed]
We know that if Cl and Na get too close, they produce ionic bonding.
Cl has 17 proton and 17 electrons and is considered stable.
Na has 11 protons and 11 electrons and is considered stable.
I ...
- 119
1
vote
0
answers
45
views
Why is the distinction from "coordinative bond" useful at all? [closed]
There are 3 types of coordinative bonding, complex formation at the electron donor, complex formation at the electron donor acceptor and complex formation at the electron acceptor, so what is the ...
- 329
-4
votes
1
answer
144
views
Query regarding covalent bonding
Why don't covalent bonds result in the atoms involved in the bond being charged?
Let's take the Chlorine/Cl2 molecule as an example.
So each Chlorine atom in the Cl2 molecule has 7 valence electrons. ...
- 1
-2
votes
1
answer
60
views
Can ionic and/or metallic bonding produce stable long chains? Like polymers, though not necessarily as useful [closed]
Question
Polymers are long chains ⛓️ of covalent bonds.
Can similar structures exist for ionic and/or metallic bonding? They don't have to be as useful.
I know there can be polymers with ionic bonds ...
- 119
-2
votes
3
answers
78
views
Melting point of various solids: should strength of ionic bond make ionic solids the highest melting [closed]
Arrange the following in the increasing order of melting point of different types of crystalline solids
covalent solid
metallic solid
molecular
ionic
According to me the arrangement should be:
ionic ...
- 1
9
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Why does potassium bifluoride exist whereas bichloride does not?
Why does the reaction \eqref{rxn:R1Q} take place, but the reaction \eqref{rxn:R2Q} does not?
$$
\begin{align}
\ce{HF(aq) + KF(aq) &-> KHF2(aq)}\label{rxn:R1Q}\tag{R1} \\
\ce{HCl(aq) + KCl(aq) &...
- 101
-1
votes
1
answer
147
views
Why do H and Li bond so differently with a hydroxide?
I am sure I am asking a very basic question but before coming here, I have made multiple attempts to find an answer elsewhere. Or maybe I am simply asking the wrong question, in some sense. If someone ...
- 19
-2
votes
1
answer
247
views
Why do non-metals not have delocalised electrons, whilst metals do have delocalised electrons?
Why do non-metals not have delocalised electrons, whilst metals do have delocalised electrons? I understand that delocalised electrons is defined as “electrons that are not bound in place to a single ...
- 65