Questions tagged [bond]
For questions about chemical bonds (ionic/covalent/etc.), their properties (length, energy, angle, etc.) or their relation to other molecular properties (intermolecular forces/dipole moment/etc.). Do not confuse this tag with [lewis-structures], [dipole], [intermolecular-forces], etc.
1,323
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Can we assume that the ionic bond equilibrium separation distance is simply the sum of the atomic radii?
Background
I am reading a materials science textbook. The current section is discussing ionic bonds and the attractive/repulsive forces between ions. The attractive force between ions is given as
$$
...
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41 views
How do you draw the pi MO diagram for the acetate ion CH3COO-
How do you draw the pi MO diagram for the acetate ion CH3COO- ? I get stuck with the number of electrons on the 2p orbital of Oxygen atom. My teacher said 1 oxygen has 1e, the other has 2e. But ...
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0answers
22 views
Does graphite have double bond? [duplicate]
I am confused about the bonding of graphite. Does it have 3 single bonds or 2 single bonds and 1 double bond? If it has 3 single bonds then how is it able to complete it's valence shell?
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39 views
How is Perchloric Acid (HClO4) a stable molecule? [closed]
I understand that chlorine only needs 1 electron to fill the 3p orbitals and make it stable, but how can it have 7 bonds to oxygen and still not fill the 3d orbitals? Does it have 2 lone pairs that I ...
11
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3answers
135 views
Can two hydrogen atoms with parallel electron spins form a covalent bond?
Is it possible for two hydrogen atoms with parallel electron spins (i.e. a pair of spin-up electrons, or a pair of spin-down electrons)
to form a covalent bond? I've seen some say there is no sigma ...
3
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1answer
119 views
Are there any organic compounds with three or more oxygen atoms bonded together in a straight chain?
Recently, there was a question which enquired about some oxygen rich compounds that burn themselves completely and thus not requiring any external atmospheric oxygen. The author came up with the ...
5
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1answer
98 views
How can I use the MO diagram of hydrogen fluoride to demonstrate that the molecule is polar?
I am trying to explain that HF is a polar molecule using the MO diagram. Normally I say that the F atom has a higher electronegativity than the H atom, which causes a net positive dipole moment.
...
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26 views
How is it possible for a nucleus of an neutral atom to attract the electron cloud of another neutral Atom? [duplicate]
Because actually both have no external electric field when they are neutral.
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1answer
38 views
Can uv light cause heterolytic cleavage?
All sources I've read stated that UV-light can only cause homolytic cleavage (homolytic fission), producing radicals while not mentioning whether it was possible for it to cause heterolytic cleavage ...
2
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1answer
122 views
Can two noble gases attract each other?
If two hydrogen atoms are far apart, they have no effect on one another. But as they are bought closer together, they begin to excerpt an effect. The two nuclei, having the same positive charge, repel ...
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1answer
40 views
Phosphate transfer in hexokinase
In glycolysis, hexokinase transfers a phosphate group from ATP to glucose. This is an example of the coupling of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction, such that the endergonic reaction is ...
5
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1answer
99 views
Bond-order parameter $g_6(r)$
I would like to know the explicit steps to compute the bond correlation function
$$g_6(r) = \langle\Psi_6^*(0) \cdot \Psi_6(r)\rangle$$
for colloids in my experiment (2D). I have the position of all ...
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0answers
42 views
How to experimentally determine the dissociation energy (electronegativity) between identical atoms?
I was reading on Wikipedia about how Pauling electronegativities are determined through
$$ \vert \chi_\ce{A} - \chi_\ce{B} \vert = \sqrt{E_\mathrm{d}(\ce{AB}) - \frac{E_\mathrm{d}(\ce{AA}) + E_\mathrm{...
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0answers
53 views
Electronegativity, polarity, pi bonds, and nitriles
While googling some numbers, I found that the dipole moment of acetonitrile is, according to wikipedia 3.92D. Compare this to the dipole moment of ethylamine, according to NIST of 1.220D. Now, I've ...
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0answers
108 views
Can an atom bond with any other atom?
I am designing a game for students which has a sandbox for atoms to create molecules like building blocks. I have the valance of each atom mapped and they can bond with other atoms based on their ...
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1answer
160 views
Is there a molecule which has only lone pair electrons? [closed]
Lone pair electrons are "valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond" (Wikipedia).
Is there a molecule which has only lone pair electrons?
2
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1answer
136 views
Justification for using valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory together?
Elementary gen chem books will make the careful distinction between the two theories and then proceed to claim that chemists can use both to complement each other to explain the behavior of certain ...
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1answer
77 views
Why is the Br-C-H bond angle in CH3Br smaller than the Cl-C-H bond angle in CH3Cl?
Can someone explain for me why the Br-C-H bond angle in CH3Br is smaller than the Cl-C-H bond angle in CH3Cl?
From what I know, F-C-H in CH3F has a smaller bond angle than Cl-C-H in CH3Cl because F is ...
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1answer
27 views
What are the Ionic Properties of Co-ordinate Covalent Bonds? [closed]
In my 10th grade book, it says that
A coordinate bond has properties of both covalent and ionic bonds. Therefore, it is also called dative or co-ionic bonds.
I understand that it has properties of ...
1
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0answers
33 views
Determining which of these has the maximum S-O Bond Length?
S-O Bond length is maximum in?
(a)$\ce{SOBr_2}$
(b) $\ce{SOCl_2}$
(c) $\ce{SOF_2}$
(d)$\ce{SO(CH_3)_2}$
Initially I thought it would be (d) since if a Halogen was attached, the S-O bond would become ...
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1answer
85 views
If bond types are in reality intermixed, how come different bonds form completely different structures?
According to the bond triangle, compounds don't exist as solely ionic or solely covalent, but rather have ionic, covalent, and metallic character to them. So each bond type is connected and similar in ...
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0answers
24 views
How does double bond placement, in an alkene, affect the boiling point of the alkene? [closed]
Will having the double bond be closer to the middle of the molecule result in a higher or lower boiling point than that of an isomer with the double bond closer to one of the ends? Also, does the same ...
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1answer
46 views
Is each bag of plastic a polymer/macromolecule? If yes, why does it tear so easily? [duplicate]
For example, polyethene is a macromolecule. So each bag of polyethene should be one molecule. Doesn't tearing it therefore involve breaking strong covalent bonds? Shouldn't the energy needed to do ...
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1answer
25 views
The meaning of USFDA (in cosmetics) [closed]
The full meaning of USFDA base on the definition of cosmetic meaning and production
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0answers
60 views
How to compare the Leonard-Jones potential energy curves of diatomic molecules?
The graph shows the dependence of potential energy on internuclear or intermolecular distance according to the L-J model, but how to compare lennard-jones potential energy curves of diatomic molecules,...
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62 views
Why is maximum number of covalent bonds 3? [duplicate]
In my textbook it is mentioned that maximum 3 covalent bonds can be formed within 2 atoms, which makes sense as 1 p orbital from each can be used for sigma bond and the remaining 2 can form pi bonds. ...
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0answers
42 views
Why is the transition state the highest energy point? [closed]
If partial bonds form during transition state, it means some energy is released, so how can it have the highest energy? Shouldn't the point before transition state be highest energy? (the point where ...
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0answers
35 views
How big a role does electron repulsion play in regard to the bond length of a covalent bond? [duplicate]
In a covalent bond, there are several forces acting together to determine the bond length.
Electron-electron repulsion increases the bond length.
Proton-proton repulsion increases the bond length.
...
2
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1answer
56 views
How to "draw" a coordination bond (dashed bond) in MOLFILE?
How can we "draw" a coordination bond (dashed bond) in MOLFILE?
I cannot find a bond property or option that would allow me to choose such a thing.
So many drawings of organo-metallic ...
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0answers
37 views
Does overlapping partial density of states indicate formation of chemical bond?
Does overlapping partial density of states of two adjacent atoms indicate formation of chemical bonds between the two atoms? The partial density of states here means the density of states of an ...
2
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1answer
181 views
Bond type in Grignard reagent
I just want to confirm if the $\ce{R-Mg}$ bond is a covalent bond which undergoes heterolytic fission during reactions while the bond between magnesium and halogen atom is ionic. Am I right or wrong?
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1answer
33 views
Manganese and valence layer [closed]
Why does manganese make $4$ bonds in $\ce{H_2MnO_4}$ when it has only two electrons in the valence shell?
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Why are sulfoxides usually stable as ylides (S charged positively and O negatively)? What's the BDE for S-O?
I can't find any info on BDE for singularly bonded S to oxygen. Moreover, I'd like to understand, why is it quite usual to find sulfoxides structure written with charge separation?
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2answers
105 views
Why exactly do we need formal charge? [closed]
Formal charge is considered to be the charge present in one atom by considering all the bonds to be 100% covalent.What is the significance of 100% covalent here? Why are we considering the bonds to be ...
3
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1answer
84 views
In the LCAO method for $H_2^+$, why do we only add or subtract orbitals but never alter one of the phases of the orbitals?
TLDR:
Atkins' physical chemistry contains the quote "In general, from N atomic orbitals we can build N molecular orbitals". In the case of $H^+_2$, we use a combination of N=2 orbitals to ...
4
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1answer
63 views
What does it mean by non-bonding p pi orbital?
In a paper by Peng et. al.,[1] I read about the valence band maximum of $\ce{TiO2}$ consists of non-bonding O pπ orbitals
... the valence band maximum (VBM) consists of non-bonding O pπ states
What ...
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0answers
42 views
Does a larger bond energy in reactants mean a more exothermic reaction?
In the book "Combustion Physics" for C.K Law, page 42, it is stated that:
The parameter that has the next strongest influence on [adiabatic flame temperature] $T_{ad}$ is the $C/H$ ratio of ...
5
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2answers
716 views
Materials for McBride's Freshman Organic Chemistry at Yale University
I have been looking over the online Organic Chemistry course taught by McBride at Yale and named "Freshman Organic Chemistry", 125A, which is on Itunes University. Only the lectures are ...
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1answer
55 views
Do different types of MOs have different occupancies?
There was a question in my textbook regarding the number of electrons in a molecular orbital.
The maximum number of electrons in a sigma, pi, and delta molecular orbital are respectively?
Now, I ...
2
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0answers
42 views
Bond Angle of NH3, NCl3 and NBr3 [duplicate]
I have read the other answer on chemistrystackexchange regarding the bond angles of $\ce{NH3}$ and $\ce{NCl3}$. The bond angle of $\ce{NCl3}$ is more than $\ce{NH3}$ due to back bonding between p-...
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1answer
97 views
Why is the thermal stability of calcium carbonate higher than that of magnesium carbonate even though lattice energy decreases down a group?
The difference in thermal stability of $\ce{CaCO3}$ and $\ce{MgCO3}$ can be explained using Fajans' rules, but why not using the lattice energy method?
Why is the thermal stability of $\ce{CaCO3}$ ...
4
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2answers
156 views
Why London Dispersion force is attractive not repulsive
The London Dispersion force is caused by the formation of temporary dipoles in the electron cloud of neutral atoms that attract each other.
Why is this only attractive? Why don't the like poles repel,...
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0answers
9 views
Finding Potential Depth of Multiple-Minimum in a PEC
Suppose we have the following curve with more than one well and different maximum points:
My simple question is how to calculate the potential depth of each well? Do we calculate all the potential ...
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1answer
89 views
Role of 'p' Orbitals in Graphite Carbons
In the graphite arrangement of carbons, if we model them according to hybridization theory, the carbons in graphite are sp2 hybridized. This would mean that one s and two p orbitals hybridize, making ...
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Why does iodine trichloride dimerize?
In which of the dimerization process, the achievement of the octet is not the driving force
$\ce{2AlCl3 \to Al2Cl6}$
$\ce{BeCl2 \to BeCl2}$ (solid)
$\ce{2ICl3 \to I2Cl6} $
$\ce{2NO2 \to N2O4}$
...
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0answers
64 views
Planarity at the Junction between multiple Rings
My Approach:
As cyclohexane should be in the chair form and cyclopentane should be in the envelope form, more the number of five-membered rings more should be its planarity, as envelope form is more ...
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0answers
120 views
Nature of π-bonds in permanganate ion
I was doing a question which asked about the nature of $\pi$ bonds between the $\ce{Mn}$ and $\ce{O}$ atoms in $\ce{MnO4-}$. According to the answer all the three $\pi$ bonds were formed by $p\pi-d\pi$...
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68 views
Dative Bond in Nitrogen Dioxide
I learnt that a coordinate covalent bond forms only when
Donor atom has a complete octet and also has at lest 1 lone pair.
The receiving atom must have an incomplete octet and possess at least 1 ...
2
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1answer
241 views
What's the "Charge" in Steric Number Formula
I was reading about the Steric Number Formula here.
There, I came to know that the
Steric Number $N=\frac{V+M \pm I}{2}$ where $V = n(\ce{e-})$, the number of valence electrons of central atom, which ...
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1answer
89 views
Comparing strengths of σ-bonds formed by $\mathrm d_{z^2}$ and $\mathrm p_z$ orbitals
According to my professor $\mathrm d_{z^2}–\mathrm d_{z^2}$ σ-bond is stronger than $\mathrm p_z–\mathrm p_z$ σ-bond as the extent of overlapping is greater in $\mathrm d_{z^2}–\mathrm d_{z^2}$ ...
