Questions tagged [bond]
For questions about chemical bonds (ionic/covalent/etc.), their properties (length, energy, angle, etc.) or their relation to other molecular properties (intermolecular forces/dipole moment/etc.). Do not confuse this tag with [lewis-structures], [dipole], [intermolecules-forces], etc.
1,083
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29 views
Why is H2Te the strongest acid among the following?
Among H2S, H2Se, H2Te the strongest acid is H2Te. The reason being that the bond strength in it the weakest so it dissociates easily.
But my question is that why does it looses H+ in first place ...
3
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0answers
26 views
Discussion about Warren-Cowely Parameter
The Warren-Cowely Parameter (WCP) for short range solution order is defined as:
$$\mathrm{WCP}_{ij} = 1 - \frac{Z_{ij}}{x_j \cdot Z_i}$$
where $Z_{ij}$ is the partial Coordination Number (CN) of ...
2
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1answer
39 views
Only valence shell electrons participate in bonding then how is Cr in H2CrO4 forming 6 covalent bonds although it has only 1 valence electron?
The structure of $\ce{H2CrO4}$ is as follows:
Shell configuration of chromium is 2,8,13,1 i.e. it has only 1 valence electron and only valence electron participate in bonding but Chromium in the ...
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1answer
30 views
Intramolecular or intermolecular, which affects the melting point? [closed]
My question is which hydrogen bonding is effective in increasing melting point of a compound : Intramolecular hydrogen bonding or Intermolecular hydrogen bonding ?
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3answers
797 views
Do metals form covalent bonds besides ionic and cordinate bond? [closed]
My chemistry textbook says that metals form ionic or cordinate bonds whereas non metals form covalent bonds. But in another textbook I read that Lithium, Beryllium, Aluminium, Chromium, Manganese etc, ...
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1answer
45 views
Why aren't all bonds in cyclobutadiene not equal? [duplicate]
Cyclobutadiene is like benzene in that it has alternating single and double bonds in a ring. However, it's bonds are not the same length, the double bonds being shorter than single bonds. The molecule ...
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46 views
Can hybrid orbitals be broken into components?
For example, can we say in $\mathrm{sp^3d}$ hybrid orbital the equatorial orbitals are mostly $\mathrm{sp^2}$ and axial orbitals are $\mathrm{p}_z\mathrm{d}_z^2,$ thus axial bonds are longer and ...
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30 views
Why sigma bond has C2 symmetry not C∞?
I have seen some books indicated sigma bond has C2 symmetry. I understand pi and delta bond change their signs about C2 and C4 rotation about bond axis, but I don't understand why sigma bond has C2 ...
6
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1answer
79 views
Heats of formation of neutral molecules and homolytic vs heterolytic bond dissociation in mass spectrometry
I am currently studying the textbook, Mass Spectrometry, third edition, by Jürgen H. Gross. Chapter 2.4.3 Bond Dissociation Energies and Heats of Formation says the following:
Great efforts have ...
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25 views
Bonding in molten silicon dioxide
Solid silicon dioxide has a giant lattice structure with single covalent bonds, while in the gas phase it has a molecular carbon dioxide-like structure. But what about in the liquid phase?
Would it ...
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27 views
Why are stable ionic charges so strongly related to the group number?
Why do lighter elements have ionic charges so strongly related to the group number? For example, why does $\ce{Al}$ only show +3 ionic charge? The basic concept of stability in an ionic compound is ...
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Why do diplumbenes (Pb=Pb double bonded compounds) break apart in hydrocarbon solution?
In group 14, the double bond becomes increasingly weaker down the group. Our lecturer told us that many distannenes ($\ce{>Sn=Sn<}$) and almost all diplumbenes ($\ce{>Pb=Pb<}$) dissociate ...
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1answer
155 views
Geometry of Ni(acac)2
The complex $\ce{Ni(acac)2}$ is paramagnetic as expected , i.e it has two unpaired electrons giving rise to a magnetic moment of $ \sqrt{8}$ BM but doesn't have the tetrahedral geometry consistent ...
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2answers
95 views
How energy is released when chemical bond is formed?
In books it is commonly written that whenever a chemical bond is formed the energy of the molecules/atoms gets lowered and hence energy is released. This is generally explained by diagrams like this
...
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In vivo, does it take energy to move double bonds from cis to trans long chain unsaturated fatty acids
In vitro, long chain fatty acids may yield more energy when bonds break, but in vivo, I understood that energy is burned before unsaturated fatty acids can be oxidized because the side groups with ...
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129 views
How much electron hybridization and bonding occurs in liquid helium?
Helium is the only element which does not freeze at atmospheric pressure, and only forms a liquid at around 4 Kelvin due to weak van der Waals forces.
I'm interested in knowing roughly how much ...
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62 views
Comparison of I-F, Br-F, and Cl-F bond strengths
From Chemistry of the Elements by Greenwood and Earnshaw [1, p. 833]:
Figure 17.9 Mean bond energies of halogen fluorides.
This shows the mean bond energy for $\ce{X-F}$, where $\ce{X}$ is a ...
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2answers
75 views
What repulsion keeps non-hydrogen atoms at a distance: between inner shells or between nuclei?
Bonded or not, when two atoms or ions come closer than the bond distance or the van der Waals distance, the energy increases drastically. What is the underlying cause of that repulsion?
The repulsion ...
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3answers
58 views
Strength of Hydrogen Bond and Angle
This link has a short paragraph on the very first page, which says: "There are two useful criteria to evaluate the presence and the strength of a H-bond. The first is to look at the distance between ...
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1answer
52 views
How to check whether intramolecular hydrogen bonding takes place in cyclic compounds?
How can we confirm or have a clear idea whether hydrogen bonding is taking place in substituents of cyclic compounds? For example, it takes place in ortho-nitrophenol, but it doesn't take place in ...
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0answers
29 views
How to calculate the energy to dissociate a bond into neutral atoms?
I am self studying chemistry through MiT ocw 5.111 . On practice exam 2 problem 2 there is a question which states the following
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41 views
Counting the number of conjugated pi bonds in a complex aromatic molecule
So for multiple bonds to be conjugated, they must be in an alternating
double bond – single bond – double bond, etc arrangement. However, do they need to be continuous? In my textbook, they count the ...
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32 views
On steric effects and stereoelectronic effects
From what I understand, stereoelectronic effects are the structure, reactivity, and physical properties of molecules as a result of relative arrangement of orbitals in space. Steric effects result ...
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1answer
103 views
Lewis acidity comparison of boron and aluminium trichlorides
Lewis acidity is a function of electron deficiency on the acceptor atom, which in this case is $\ce{B}$ and $\ce{Al}$ respectively.
Back donation is better as is the case of $\ce{B}$, due to better ...
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2answers
64 views
Why doesn't Oxygen form coordinate covalent bonds? [closed]
We know that an Oxygen atom has two lone pairs. Why doesn't oxygen then form coordinate covalent bonds using those since it has nothing to lose?
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2answers
96 views
when Al2O3 melts which bonds are broken?
Previously, I was trying to understand why $\ce{Al2O3}$ has a lower melting point than MgO. An answer on quora said
Do not confuse the character of the bond between the metal and oxygen with the ...
2
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2answers
68 views
Why do PBr3 and PCl3 have larger bond angles than PH3?
According to the Colby Chemistry Database, the bond angle of $\ce{PBr3}$ and $\ce{PCl3}$ are around $101$ degrees, but the bond angle of $\ce{PH3}$ is $92$ degrees. (Source: PCl3 PBr3 PH3)
There was ...
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4answers
99 views
Which bond is stronger? [closed]
Are ionic bonds stronger than covalent bonds?
I googled it and found various answers, some saying it is stronger and some saying it’s not.
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1answer
33 views
Hydrogen bonding in B(OH)4 - [closed]
How does hydrogen bonding affect hybridisation of species? I mean in $\ce{B(OH)3}$ the hybridization of boron is $\mathrm{sp^2}$ but in aqueous phase, is the hybridization same or it changes?
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1answer
44 views
Is hydrogen bonding separate from permanent dipole interactions?
Is hydrogen bonding separate from permanent dipole interactions? What I mean here is that a molecule such as ethanol has hydrogen bonding, but does it also have permanent dipoles other than the ones ...
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0answers
14 views
What is the order of acidity for hydrogens in primary, secondary and tertiary alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkanes [duplicate]
The bond dissociation energies of C-H bonds in alkanes, alkenes and aromatic compounds decrease in the following order: primary > secondary > tertiary > allylic > benzylic.
The weaker the bond, the ...
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1answer
64 views
How do molecules with muons and electrons bond?
Is bonding specifically for and between electrons? Why cant two atoms share muons, which are different particles of same charge, spin and different mass?
Why there aren't muon-electron bonds?
Why is ...
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Energy Levels of Molecular Orbitals formed by combination of Atomic Orbitals
In general when we talk about chemical bonding, we say that it is "nature's way to stabilize the systems" and the energy of the molecule formed by atoms will be lower than that of the individual atoms;...
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1answer
77 views
Positively charged gases
Theoretically, if you could could have a positively charged gas say O$^+$ enclosed (by a sufficiently inert material) around a conductor which is grounded, what would the reaction be at the conductor ...
3
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1answer
46 views
C−H bond length in organic compounds [duplicate]
I am reading Fundamental concepts of organic chemistry by Dr. Anju Srivastava (12/04/2007).
It shows that carbon-hydrogen bond in ethane is 1.1 Å long, in ethene it's 1.08 Å, and in ethyne it's 1.06 ...
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1answer
29 views
Is activated charcoal an air purifier?
It's well known that activated charcoal is an adsorbent and due to very big surface area per unit of mass it can adsorb a lot of particles.
Let's take as an example for my question this product on ...
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0answers
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Why homolytic fission of polar molecules is possible at higher temperature?
While studying alkanes I came across the nitration of alkanes using Nitric acid at very high temperature, which apparently follows "free radical" mechanisms, by formation of OH° °NO2 free radical ! ...
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Can we break double bonds by using laser and heat?
If it is possible then give an example for it. That chemical reaction is in this process.
step 1: {Reactant + heat(sunlight)} gives weakened bonded product1
step 2: {product1 + laser} gives {one solid ...
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Free Electron-Bond Electron Interactions
I am reading an introductory textbook on electronics: Practical Electronics for Inventors by Paul Scherz and Simon Monk. In a section discussing the motion of electrons in circuits, the textbook ...
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1answer
41 views
Ionization of hydrogens in hypophosphorous acid
Does anyone know why the hydrogen atoms bonded with phosphorus in $\ce{H3PO2}$ are not ionizable?
I tried looking in high school level books, but they only describe the process, not the real reason. ...
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2answers
485 views
Lewis Structure of OF+
Would the Lewis Structure for OF+ be drawn so that the more electronegative atom has the more negative formal charge, or would it be drawn to satisfy the octet rule?
Here are my thoughts thus far:
...
2
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1answer
29 views
Predicting color of a TMB derivative affected by peroxidase
The ELISA test on HIV works by verifying the presence of peroxidase within samples. The verification process is done through the enzymatic reaction that said peroxidase has on TMB (3,3',5,5'-...
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0answers
197 views
Oxidation state of chlorine in ClO
Today, I had a friendly debate with my friend on what should be the oxidation state of $\ce {Cl}$ in the chlorine monoxide radical. I took the view that it should be $\ce {+2}$ while he took the view ...
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29 views
Sigma bond by combining two p orbitals
If I combine two p orbitals in such a way that they form σ bonds, which linear combination will represent bonding and antibonding?
My work on this problem:
$$
\begin{align}
&\text{Bonding:} &...
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0answers
46 views
Is lithium carbide an ionic compound or covalent? [duplicate]
I read in my chemistry textbook that lithium carbide (Li4C) is the only carbide amongst alkali metals. As we know, carbides are ionic compounds, and calcium carbide is predominantly ionic (calcium ...
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1answer
358 views
Comparison of C-Cl bond length in CH3Cl and CF3Cl
Topic: Chemical Bonding (Application of Bent's Rule)
Bent's rule is also consistent with Gillespie's VSEPR model, and may provide alternative rationalisation for effect of electronegativity. So it ...
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81 views
Bond length comparison in substituted phosphorus pentahalide
What would be the comparison between $\ce{P-F}$ and $\ce{P-Cl}$ bond length in phosphorus tetrafluoride chloride $\ce{PF4Cl}$ and phosphorus trifluoride dichloride $\ce{PF3Cl2}$ in the equitorial ...
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1answer
117 views
C=O bond length comparison among cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one and cyclohex‐3‐en‐1‐one
I can see that in the first case a resonance would occur, and in the second case, there would be no resonance effect. I have read the fact that resonance reduces bond length due to partial double bond ...
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1answer
80 views
Why doesn't hydrazine contain a double bond between two nitrogen atoms? [closed]
I know that the Lewis structure of hydrazine contains $\mathrm{sp^3}$ hybridized nitrogen atom but on analyzing it's structure I realized there are many bond pair and lone pair repulsions. Instead of ...
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0answers
44 views
Classic/killer/easy application for the deuterium kinetic isotope effect?
I'm a physicist. While visiting someone's o-chem class I learned about the existence of the deuterium kinetic isotope effect. This seems like an extremely sweet example of zero-point energy, and I ...
