Questions tagged [enthalpy]
A thermodynamic state function describing the total energy content of a system.
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Why are my calculations showing an exothermic reaction as endothermic?
I recently did a lab on the effect of a variable on the hydration enthalpies of salt, but my final enthalpies turned out to be positive. Shouldn't the hydration enthalpies be negative, as bonds are ...
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1answer
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Question to find increment in energy of a sample of He gas [closed]
If a closed rigid wall container filled with 20 gram of Helium gas moving at a constant speed of 10 m/sec is stopped abruptly to stand still, find the increment in temperature of this He sample.
Way I ...
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Enthalpy and Hess’s law experiment question [closed]
I think the first equation should be + delta-H, and the correct answer is the fourth equation. I think if the first equation is correct, then the second and third equations are also correct. From the ...
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1answer
38 views
Why is enthalpy change at constant pressure not only internal energy change? [closed]
Okay so this might seem a bit Weird but the formula for change in enthalpy has been given the following way-
∆H=∆U+∆PV
so in this case when we say ∆V is zero we get that ∆PV is also zero and thus ∆H=∆...
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1answer
60 views
What makes the enthalpy of hydration of calcium chloride dihydrate unique? [closed]
I have recently done an experiment in an attempt to find the relationship between the water ratio in a hydrate and the enthalpy of hydration, and my results showed a correlation, but an anomaly for ...
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1answer
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why is change in Enthalpy of a galvanic cell negative?
my teacher told me that change in enthalpy of a cell reaction is always negative but i can't get in what respect he said and why.
Someone please give me a good thought?
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27 views
Why is the change in enthalpy computation for a change of state done like this?
Suppose that a system whose initial state is Pressure = $P_1$, Volume = $V_1$; and it is taken through a process after which final pressure and volume are $P_2$ and $V_2$ respectively. Now change in ...
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1answer
35 views
What is the mechanism of endothermic dissolution?
My real question is in fact "How can dissolution happen if it's endothermic?" However, there
have been many questions regarding this exact topic and the answers about Gibbs free energy
...
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Why does enthalpy of hydration increase as water ratio in hydrate increases?
I recently did an experiment for a lab report where I found that hydrates with a larger water ratio (like how CaCl2⋅2H2O has a water ratio of 2, and Na2S2O3⋅10H2O has a ratio of 10) have a higher ...
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1answer
18 views
Significance of enthalpy of hydration of salts [closed]
I've been researching for weeks but can't find anything on a real life process of hydration, as my experiment is determining the relationship between the enthalpy of hydration and different types of ...
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25 views
Bond dissociation energy for polar molecules
This formula relates to how Pauling determined the values for electronegativity for all the elements and how delta (if big) shows that the molecule is very polar. Delta being:
$\Delta =\Delta H\left(...
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Calculating change in state function following different paths
in thermodynamics, we learn that change in state function is independent of the path/process, and thus we can conveniently pick any arbitrary path that allows easier calculation. I'm TA'ing a class ...
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1answer
51 views
What is the significance of enthalpy?
I an getting confused between enthalpy and internal energy. My textbook says that change in enthalpy is the sum of change in internal energy and the amount of work done in expansion or compression but ...
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2answers
64 views
Applicability of Enthalpy-Heat relation for a non-isobaric process
Consider a process in which state variables changes from $(p_1, V_1, T_1)$ to $(p_2, V_2, T_3)$ . I've learned that to calculate the change in enthalpy for any process, we consider a hypothetical ...
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1answer
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Question on the formula to calculate enthalpy change from calometric data
I have a sample question here.
"In an experiment, a student placed 20cm^3 of a solution containing 0.04 mol of HCl in a plastic cup and added 20cm^3 of solution containing 0.04 mol of Na2CO3. The ...
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1answer
33 views
Good Hess's Law experiment [closed]
I am doing an Internal Assessment for my IB chemistry class, and I want to do something on Hess's Law, and I'll be doing it simulation based, using this website. With the solutions and equipment on ...
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1answer
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About spontaneous combustion of methane
I heard that spontaneous reaction happens if $\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S$ is negative.
For combustion of methane, according to Chemguide:
$\Delta H=\pu{-891.1 kJ K^{-1} mol^{-1}}$
$\Delta S=\pu{-0....
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Why does increasing charge density matter more for the hydration enthalpy compared to the lattice energy?
For the solvation of ionic salts, if we look down a group, say Group II, and we keep the anion constant, we find that the solubility decreases going down the group. This is because the hydration ...
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4answers
87 views
Specific Heat Derivation
The specific heat capacity at constant volume and the specific heat capacity at constant pressure are intensive properties defined for pure, simple compressible substances as partial derivatives of ...
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1answer
44 views
How would I correct this Hess cycle?
Given
$$\ce{2 SO2(g) + O2(g) <=> 2 SO3(g)} \quad \Delta_\mathrm{r}H = \pu{-196.0 kJ mol^-1}$$
and $\Delta_\mathrm{f}H(\ce{SO2}) = \pu{-296.0 kJ mol^-1},$ find $\Delta_\mathrm{f}H(\ce{SO3}).$
I ...
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20 views
rate of combustion of alcohols and hydrocarbons in relation to the number of carbons in the chain
I understand that the heat released when burning alcohols is greater as long as the number of carbons in the alcohol chain is increased (i.e the enthalpy of butanol is greater than propanol > ...
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1answer
191 views
Why is the first ionization enthalpy of molecular O2 less than atomic O?
A cousin of mine asked for my help to answer one of his homework questions. It stated-
Explain why- The first ionization energy of molecular oxygen $\ce{O2}$ ($\pu{1175 kJ mol-1}$), is lesser than ...
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2answers
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How does the calorimeter affect heat released by the system (q)? [closed]
Here are the 2 questions I am pondering about
How would the calculated quantity of heat (q) released by a system differ if the calorimeter's heat capacity was taken into account?
My thought process ...
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2answers
62 views
How can you calculate the tendency of one compound to become another?
Excuse my inexperience with chemistry here. I've been poring over papers with terms like "Standard Gibbs free energy of formation", "Hess's Law", "standard enthalpy of ...
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Thermochemistry: On Units of Enthalpy Change and Implicit Given of Initial Temperature of Calorimeter
I would like to ask two separate questions. But first, so that we are on the same page, the experiment used a constant-pressure calorimeter, and it is a neutralization reaction of 1M of HCl and 1M of ...
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1answer
35 views
Why does lattice enthalpy decrease with increasing ionic size?
Lattice enthalpy decreases as ions get larger, but I have found two explanations:
The charge density is greater in smaller ions, so greater attraction
The ions are themselves able to get closer ...
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2answers
51 views
Why are branched alkanes used as fuels instead of straight chain alkanes?
My textbook states that branched alkanes are thermodynamically more stable than straight chain alkanes. Of course, iso-octane has an enthalpy of formation of $\Delta H_\mathrm f$= $\pu{-259.3.40 kJ ...
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1answer
304 views
Kinetics Vs Thermodynamics : Apparent contradiction in the definition of Enthalpy in the two disciplines
My book gives the following curve:
It gives the following relation :$$ΔH= E_{\mathrm{activation,forward}}-E_{\mathrm{activation,backward}} \tag{1}$$
But I suspect that $ E_{\mathrm{activation,forward}...
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1answer
141 views
Why is the zero of standard enthalpy of formation a convention?
The standard enthalpy of formation $\Delta H_f^°$ of pure elements is zero by definition. Why is that a convention? It is true that enthalpy is defined unless a constant (like energy and entropy), but ...
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1answer
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Predicting sign of enthalpy of allotropic transition of phosphorus
How to predict the sign of enthalpy during the transition
$$\ce{P(s, white) -> P(s, red)}?$$
$\ce{P(s, red)}$ is more stable than $\ce{P(s, white)}$ due to release in angle strain.
Since during ...
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Why do internal energy/heat and enthalphy differ? What is the physical significance of the $PV$ term for enthalphy of an ideal gas? [duplicate]
Let it be noted that this is not a duplicate of this downvoted-to-hell question, simply because I hope to ask it better!
I've been reading a thermo textbook and I've got a simple question.
The ...
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1answer
32 views
Why isn't the mass of the things dissolved in water not added to the mass of the water in an enthalpy calc?
Take a change in enthalpy question. When $\pu{5 g}$ of powder is dissolved in $\ce{100 ml}$ of water, the added substance raises the temperature of the water by $\ce{5 ^\circ C}$ and you are told to ...
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1answer
51 views
Feasibility of a Reaction [closed]
I understand for a reaction to be feasible, $\Delta$H needs to be negative and $\Delta$S positive. But in terms of Gibbs free Energy Change, without considering kinectic factors, If $\Delta$H is ...
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1answer
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What is the enthalpy change of solution of oxygen and water? [closed]
What is the enthalpy change of solution of oxygen dissolved into water?
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Sign of change in enthalpy and change in entropy
Why is it wrong to assert that the change in entropy and the change in enthalpy must always have the same sign?
What makes me think that they must have the same sign is the fact that every reaction ...
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2answers
63 views
The relation between q and T when the volume is constant [closed]
$$
\begin{align}
q_V &= ΔU \tag{1}\\
q_p &= ΔH \tag{2}\\
C_V &= \frac{\mathrm dq_V}{\mathrm dT} = \left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial T}\right)_V \tag{3}\\
C_p &= \frac{\mathrm dq_p}{\...
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1answer
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Significance of pV work in enthalpy [closed]
If we already have $pV$ work included in the internal energy $U = q + w,$ then what is the $pV$ work in the equation for enthalpy $H = E + pV?$
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1answer
487 views
Why does spontaneity of a reaction depend on temperature?
As we know, $$\Delta G=\Delta H - T\,\Delta S.$$
Both in my textbook and on the internet, it was given that temperature was a determining factor in the spontaneity of a reaction. For example, when $\...
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0answers
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What is the enthalpy change of neutralisation of vinegar (diluted acetic acid) and calcium carbonate?
If anyone has conducted an experiment that determined this value or knows reliable sources that show the literature/thereotical value of this enthalpy change, please share your answer. Thank you very ...
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When, if ever, can standard enthalphy be subsituted for standard chemical potiential?
I'm reading through a combustion modeling paper by Gordon & McBride which is a bit scant on some of the algebra & calculus used to derive their equations. My advisor and I have derived nearly ...
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2answers
72 views
Can a combustion process be more energy efficient with oxygen enrichment?
I wonder if a combustion process with air as oxidant can benefit by oxygen enriching the air intake? By benefit I mean if the net energy output would be positive, or negative, since the enrichment ...
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1answer
78 views
A Curious (definitely wrong) result of Absolute Entropy [closed]
The Gibbs free energy is defined as
$$G=H-TS$$
Differentiating both sides
$$dG=dH-TdS-SdT$$
For an adiabatic reversible expansion of an ideal gas, we would have $dG=0$, and $dS=0$.
Thus we can write, $...
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1answer
55 views
Water evaporation from calorimeter giving less exothermic enthalpy value?
To find the enthalpy change of combustion for an alcohol, you use a calorimeter filled with water and heat it by burning an alcohol.
I was told that usually experimental values for the enthalpy ...
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1answer
57 views
Where does the RT term come from in the derivation for the activation enthalpy from the Eyring equation?
It is easy to show an Arrhenius-like equation from the Eyring equation, but if you do this, you get that the activation energy is about equal to the activation enthalpy. However, the real ...
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1answer
41 views
Is enthalpy affected by isotopes?
Enthalpy is a sum of $U$ and $PV$, and I thought that for different isotopes, internal energy values may differ. Is it true? There are three stable isotopes of $\textrm{Mg}$, mass number 24, 25, and ...
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1answer
27 views
Why is the energy needed to transform PbO+CO into Pb+O2+C equal to the sum of breaking down PbO and CO? [closed]
Since PbO to Pb+(1/2)O2 releases 217.3kJ and CO to C+(1/2)O2 releases 110.5kJ, what I think is that PbO+CO to Pb+(1/2)O2+C+(1/2)O2 releases 327.8kJ. Now, the book says PbO+CO to Pb+C+O2 releases 327....
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1answer
153 views
What is an exothermic reaction in terms of bond breaking and bond formation? [duplicate]
Nitrogen + Hydrogen -> Ammonia
This reaction has a $\Delta H$ of -93kJ
This reaction is exothermic. Explain what it means in terms of bond breaking and bond formation
I know an exothermic reaction ...
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1answer
73 views
Is electrical work equal to the change in enthalpy or internal energy?
A $\pu{0.5 A}$ current from a $\pu{20 V}$ supply is passed through a water sample. $\pu{0.9 g}$ of water is vapourised at $p = \pu{1 atm}$ and $T = \pu{373 K}$. Calculate $\Delta U$ and $\Delta H$ for ...
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2answers
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What is the entalphy change with respect to pressure at Isothermal Process for *Real Gases*?
How much enthalpy of argon changes when the pressure is isothermally increased by $\pu{1 atm}$? (Gas should be considered as real gas under specified conditions) ($\pu{1 mol}$ of Argon gas is ...
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1answer
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Confusion on when to use mass of entire solution when performing q=mc∆T
I hope you are having a good day.
I am studying for the AP Chemistry exam in May 2020. While studying, I encountered a doubt.
In Problem 1 (the question on the top), the educator saw that the ...
