Questions tagged [solvents]
A liquid, solid, or gas that dissolves another solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution that is soluble in a certain volume of solvent at a specified temperature.
425 questions
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What can go wrong in synthesising MOFs that would lead to oxide formation and not a MOF?
I'm trying to synthesis a MOF through a solvothermal method, using metal nitrates and 2MeIM as precursors, MeOH:H2O (35:5) as solvents, and CTAB as a modulator as well.
after drying, the collected ...
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DMSO as Solvent for Plant Extracts, vs. for Later Dilution
The question is asked here, without, as far as I can see, a responsive answer. I am seeing it quite common to make a water extract of some plant, and then add that to DMSO for use; but I am not ...
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Under what circumstances is "equality of osmotic pressure" functionally equivalent to "equality of osmolarity"?
Consider the classical U-tube, semi-permeable membrane experiment. Assume I define osmotic pressure as $\Pi=\frac{RT}{V}\gamma$, where $\gamma$ denotes the number of total solute particles (across all ...
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LiBr solubility in DCM and other solvents
Is LiBr soluble in DCM? If it is soluble in it, can you please suggest other solvent where LiBr is not soluble?
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How to remove DMI solvent from acid sensitive crude reaction mixture?
I performed a reaction in DMI (1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone) solvent, which contains acid-sensitive vinyl borinic ester product as shown below.
It has an exact mass of 364.2, whose trace could be ...
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Why NaCN is not soluble in DMSO?
Wikipedia article about sodium cyanide states that it is not soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide. This seems counterintuitive and I want to know if this is actually true statement and if yes then why? Since ...
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keratin vs acetone
If I soak some fingernail clippings and hairs (both are mainly keratin) in a sealed bottle of 100% pure acetone for one week, what will happen?
The only thing I expect is that the acetone will remove ...
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What happens if a proton conductor electrode is used for electrolysis of tris(cyclopentadienyl)lanthanum?
To attempt a deposition of $\ce{La}$ thin films inside a conductive organogel electrode, let's consider the following setup:
There are two liquids in two cells, separated by a proton conductive wall: ...
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Is there a gaseous or liquid precursor to metallic lanthanum?
How to deposit a thin layer of lanthanum metal inside the porous structure of a gel? The gel itself is not going to react with $\ce{La}$ but how to make sure that the byproducts are removable by ...
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Relative strength of conjugate acids and bases
Q: In our chemistry lesson i.e "Acid-Base equilibria" we have learned about acid-base conjugate with their strength (based on Bronsted-Lowry acid base pair)
so
if HA (hypothetical acid) ...
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What would dissolve Plasticina modeling Clay completely into liquid?
I am doing a project and want to dissolve non drying modeling clay into liquid running form to spray it onto a metal application. Based on my findings it is made out of oil/lanolin/petroleum jelly and ...
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Redox mass balancing trouble
I'm a university student. I've been given the following redox to study and balance using ionic-electronic method:
$$CuS_{(aq)} + HNO_{3(aq)} \longrightarrow Cu(NO_3)_{2(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)} + SO_{2(g)} + ...
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What is a good cleaner solvent for aromatic compounds?
What would be a good cleaner/solvent to break up and remove deposits of Triphenylbenzene, that is relatively non-hazardous to use in a physics-type lab?
I've been studying the liquid properties of ...
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Amination of 2,4 dichloroquinazoline - role of dioxane as solvent and required temperature
In the compound of 2,4 dichloroquinazoline; if an amination reaction is done on 2,4 poitions, why is dioxane used as solvent? Why this solvent in particular (what are its properties, effect , and the ...
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Why DMSO has much higher freezing point than DMF (19 °C vs -61 °C)?
Recently, while solvent optimization of a reaction, I found DMSO froze in an ice-bath but DMF didn't.
From Wikipedia, I found out that DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) has a freezing point of 19 °C (ref. 1) ...
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Using ethanol as a solvent of sodium hydroxide?
NaOH dissolves in water thanks to solvation. Is it possible to dissolve it in ethanol, which still has polar O-H bond, allowing analogous solvation?
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Can a diamond dissolve in molten iron?
The melting point of diamond is 4000C and the melting point of iron is 1538C. However, the question is if a diamond is soluble in an iron solvent. Diamond is made up of carbons. And I know steel is ...
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Compatibility of DCM/CCl3 with sodium hydride
In our undergraduate studies we were told that chlorinated solvents should not get in contact with alkaline elements like sodium, potassium etc., due to the violent reaction that will form the ...
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Secondary alkyl halides and strong base: Sn2 vs E2
I got this question from the PYQs of a college entrance exam. According to the answer key, 4-chloro-3-methylpent-1-ene reacts with NaOH in water to give 4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-ene via the SN2 ...
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What is the purpose of the reflux ratio for solvent extraction?
Not distillation
If I understand it correctly, in my example, one has two components, A and B, starting at the "feed" in the aqueous phase. They get both extracted in the mixer settler, but ...
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Speed of unmixing between polar and nonpolar solvent
I have put water and silicone oil (viscosity 100 cSt) together into a jar. Then I colored the water blue to make identifying the interfaces easier. When I shake it heavily, a kind of silicone+water &...
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How to dissolve paraformaldehyde in solvent without using water?
In the chloromethylation reaction of polysulfone (PSU), I am required to use paraformaldehyde and trimethylchlorosilane as the chloromethylating agent while stannic chloride as the catalyst. I ...
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Williamson Ether synthesis use of particular solvent [closed]
In Williamson ether synthesis conjugate acid of corresponding alkoxide ion is taken as solvent instead of any other alcohol. Why it is like that?
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Safety of an organic solvent in a sealed pressure pot or vacuum chamber
I am trying to experiment and find ways I can reuse various types of thermoplastics at home for hobby use and have investigated various solubilities of them in solvents (room temp or otherwise) to ...
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Explanation for Raoults Law
The vapour pressure of pure liquids is independent of quantity of substance.
But when in a solution, the vapour pressure of the components are given by
$$P_A=P^°_AX_A$$$$P_B=P^°_BX_B$$
Since $A-A$, $A-...
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Why is there difference in reactions in alcoholic and aqueous medium while both are polar protic solvents?
We use an alcoholic medium for reactions in which we want to prevent the characteristics of the anionic species and an aqueous medium for the reactions in which we want to control the activity of the ...
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Effective pH range in water. What is the definition
https://openchemistryhelp.blogspot.com/2013/02/solvent-levelling.html
I learned the concept of solvent theory and solvent leveling of acid and base,but couldn't understand what the graph below says
I ...
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How to effectively replace DMSO with LC–MS-compatible solvent for the samples from a well plate?
I want to do LC–MS analysis of the samples from a 384-well plate where each compound (at around 1–10 μM) is dissolved in 10–15 μL of DMSO. I am worried about the DMSO dwarfing the analyte’s signal, as ...
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Removing 9-Aminoacridine from tissue?
There's this compound 9-Aminoacridine, that I need removed from the tissue slides it was applied to. Thing is everytime I use ethanol, Acetone, water, methanol, all the usual solvents; our pathologist ...
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Organic solvents distillation for purification
I've realised that the majority of the solvent that we use in my lab are contaminated with grease (peaks at 1.26 and 0.86 ppm in $^1H$ NMR in $CDCl_3$), since they come in plastic containers (I guess ...
user78790
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How much can we extend the Finkelstein reaction?
Finkelstein reaction explicitly entails the conversion of an alkyl chloride or alkyl bromide to alkyl iodide by treatment with sodium iodide in acetone.
$$\ce{R−X + NaI→[acetone] R−I + NaX↓ }\\
\ce{(X$...
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Relative polarity - definition and meaning
I am struggling with understanding the parameter called "Relative Polarity" (RP). I know it is supposed to be an arbitrary scale, but I fail to grasp what the values represent. I understand ...
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evaporating DMSO/Ethanol
I'm preparing to do a thiolclick reaction and to get a homogenous phase I found it's best to use DMSO/ethanol as solvent for the -ene and thiol reagents. I need the ethanol specifically for hole-...
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What could be the origin of a persisting distorted water NMR signal?
I am currently running some solvent suppression experiment on water samples. I first run a one scan 1H experiment to get the ''O1P'' and then implement it in the solvent suppression experiment (''...
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How to choose the solvent gradient for the flash column chromatography of a complex mixture?
When performing a flash column chromatography, it is advised to select an eluent in which the desired compound has an $R_\mathrm{F}$ of about $0.25$ in TLC.
However, if I want to separate and isolate ...
user78790
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How long can a silicone and white spirit solution be stored without hardening?
I’ve heard that some people use a mixture of silicone and white spirit to waterproof their gear.
How long this solution can be stored without hardening if it is stored in a closed hermetic bottle?
If ...
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Mixing Boric Acid, Sodium Borate and alcohol
This is for a liquid detergent that I am developing - when I dissolve boric acid (doesn't fully dissolve though) and then mix it with dissolved sodium borate( also doesn't fully dissolve in water), ...
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Can I separate paint thinner into acetone and toluene by simply boiling it?
I have a paint thinner that contains 60% toluene and 40% acetone. I would like to obtain some more-or-less pure toluene. Considering the big difference in boiling points (110°C toluene vs 56°C acetone)...
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Any way to predict what quantities of heptane and chloroform will match the density of water?
I am trying to make a solution of heptane and chloroform that matches the density of water.
Is this something which must be done experimentally as it is generally unpredictable? Does a software exist ...
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Dependence of the permittivity on solvent mixing ratio
I am doing DFT calculations on an organometalloid compound to assess whether it dissociates into an ion pair in different solvents. I suppose that the more polar the solvent is the more stable this ...
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General safety of aromatic vs. aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents
I am not a chemist and I could use some help from those who know. I am wondering about some properties of hydrocarbon solvents that are commonly used for degreasing in other fields. It seems many of ...
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Air/Acetonitrile Interfaces
Say I drop some acetonitrile on a grounded surface and it forms a meniscus. The acetonitrile is in air. Lets forget about evaporation for the moment.
Will there be an interfacial dipole formed by the ...
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What is the highest volume change for common miscible liquid pairs, and common solvent/solid pairs? [closed]
When a solute is added to a solvent, the total volume of the solution is lower than that of the solute+solvent. A good example of this is the addition of salt to water, causing an overall volume ...
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Are there smart materials that dissolve in cold water faster? [closed]
I know things dissolve quicker in hotter solvents but I was wondering if there existed an exception to the rule. If not water, then what about other solvents and/or non-solid solutes?
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What will remove this screen printed logo without destroying the polycarbonate safety sunglasses lens?
I bought some safety sunglasses and didn't notice until I'd taken the tags off that there's an annoying logo painted or printed right in my field of view. (You can feel with your fingertips or ...
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Gibbs Free Energy for solvation using Gaussian09
I am trying to compute the $\Delta G$ for the solvation of a molecule using the continuum dielectric model in Gaussian09. Following the recomendation in the manual of the software, I am using the SMD (...
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Hydroboration–oxidation reaction without THF
The first step of hydroboration–oxidation usually involves $\ce{BH3}$ accompanied by THF. Is it possible for hydroboration to occur without the presence of THF? Borane is incredibly reactive. Wouldn't ...
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Notation for spectral density in experimental community
In an open quantum system setup where the system is coupled to infinite harmonic oscillators as bath (as in the Caldeira leggett model, for example), through the Hamiltonian,
$$H = \frac{\hat{p}^2}{2m}...
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Whats a good solvent to analyze amygdalin in FTIR?
What solvents would be good to analyze amygdalin using FTIR spectroscopy? Will carbon tetrachloride react with the amygdalin if used as a solvent?
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Correlations between the pK values of acids or based in polar and non-polar solvents
I try to predict pKa values of acids (in water), computing their energy of deprotonation with quantum chemistry; and I found that the slope of the linear correlation "pK vs Energy" is more ...
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