Questions tagged [aqueous-solution]
For questions relating to compounds dissolved in water and resulting reactions.
851
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Hydronium ion concentration to compare pH values
I'm having a bit of trouble with this question:
Which has a higher $\mathrm{pH}$ value, $\pu{0.001 M}$ $\ce{HCl}$ or $\pu{0.1 M}$ $\ce{CH3COOH}$ $(K_\mathrm{a} = \pu{1.8E-5})?$
I have calculated ...
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19 views
Concentration of silver(I) after adding solid silver(I) carbonate to the solution of alkali metal carbonate [on hold]
I'm having a bit of trouble with this question:
What is the concentration of $\ce{Ag+}$ ions if $\pu{0.050 g}$ of $\ce{Ag2CO3}$ is added to a $\pu{1 L}$ solution of $\pu{0.1 M}$ $\ce{Na2CO3}$ at $\...
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1answer
65 views
Meaning of mass concentration “units” % m/v [closed]
In a saline solution that is 5.750% (m/v) potassium iodide $(\ce{KI}),$ there are:
a) 5.750 mL $\ce{KI}$ per 100.0 mL $\ce{H2O}$
b) 575.0 mg $\ce{KI}$ per 10.00 mL of $\ce{KI}$ solution
c) 5....
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1answer
23 views
Exact numbers for solubility of sodium and magnesium chloride [closed]
I know that NaCl has a solubility of 360 g per 1000 g of water (Pubchem) ... so 360 g (or 6.15 moles) of NaCl is present in (1000 + 360 grams) of solution ... and density of saturated NaCl is 1.202 g/...
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Calculating Quantities in Precipitation Reactions [closed]
What volume of $\pu{0.865 M} \; \ce{CaCl2 (aq)}$ is required to precipitate all the $\ce{Ag+ (aq)}$ from $\pu{35.0 mL}$ of $\pu{0.500 M} \; \ce{AgNO3 (aq)}$? What amount of $\ce{AgCl (s)}$, in grams, ...
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2answers
43 views
Predicting a precipitate based on Ksp
$\pu{105 mL}$ of $\pu{0.10 M}$ $\ce{AgNO3}$ is added to $\pu{125 mL}$ of $\pu{0.35 M}$ $\ce{K2CrO4}.$ Will a precipitate form? $(K_\mathrm{sp}$ for $\ce{Ag2CrO4}$ is $\pu{1.12E-12}.)$
Answer:
Can ...
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1answer
41 views
Gibbs energy derivative vs equilibrium for aqueous reaction
I am trying to find the Gibbs-energy equilibrium for the reaction $$\mathrm{A}+\mathrm{B}\rightleftharpoons\mathrm{C}.$$ According to most sources the equilibrium concentrations in an ideal solution ...
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14 views
What is the justification for using the Marcus rate equation to model charge transport in organic semiconductors?
I am trying to understand the history of how Marcus theory moved from describing electron exchange reactions in aqueous ionic solutions to also being applied to describe transport in organic ...
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1answer
42 views
How to know which reduction and oxidation reactions occurred?
We just had a lab experiment on galvanic cells and we used 0.5 M and 1 M iron(III) nitrate solution at the anode (iron electrode) and 1 M and 0.5 M copper(II) nitrate solution at the cathode (copper ...
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21 views
Calculating pH of a saturated weak acid/base solution [closed]
How can you calculate the $\mathrm{pH}$ if you know for example the $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ or $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{b}$ value of a weak acid/base and how much acid/base can dilute in water. Let's ...
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56 views
Why do we use [H⁺] and [OH⁻] in balancing redox reactions instead of using [H₃O⁺] and [OH⁻]? [duplicate]
For what reason is it universally agreed upon that we use $$\ce{H+ + OH-}$$ ions in balancing water on either side of the reaction, but not the $$\ce{H3O+}$$ ions?
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Do I understand correctly that simulation volume influences relative permittivity calculations? If so, how is the result useful?
I am having a lot of trouble understanding the influence of volume on relative permittivity/static dielectric constant. I'm not a chemist, but am using molecular dynamics to calculate relative ...
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1answer
29 views
How to find osmolarity of a solution contatining salt and glucose?
What is the osmolarity of a solution that contains $4.00\%$ (m/v) $\ce{NaCl}$ $(M = \pu{58.44 g mol-1})$ and $3.00\%$ (m/v) glucose $(M = \pu{180.18 g mol-1})?$
I know you have to convert percentages ...
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1answer
53 views
What is the interaction between dissolved ions of opposite valence in a solution at rest?
NaCl is dissolved in water. Ions sodium and chloride are sufficiently free from each other so that they may occupy different regions of the solution after an active transport process through a ...
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1answer
60 views
Isolating barium(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) from aqueous solution [closed]
Q15 Each metallic ion was separated from an aqueous solution containing $\ce{Ba^2+},$ $\ce{Cu^2+},$ and $\ce{Zn^2+}$ by the procedure shown in the following figure. From ①–⑥ in the table below choose ...
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1answer
294 views
Calcium ion and sulfate did not form precipitate
I was in the chemistry lab earlier this week. We were doing a qualitative experiment (no concentration given for any solution).
I added an unknown solution that contains $\ce{Ba^2+},$ $\ce{Ca^2+},$ ...
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1answer
89 views
Preparation of acetate buffer from sodium acetate and hydrochloric acid
A $\pu{1.0 L}$ buffer solution of $\mathrm{pH}~4.43$ is made up of $\pu{0.30 M}$ sodium ethanoate and $\pu{0.20 M}$ $\ce{HCl}$ solutions. Calculate the volume of sodium ethanoate and $\pu{0.20 M}$ $\...
2
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1answer
44 views
Formation of green precipitation whilst adding potassium fluoride to aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate [closed]
Aqueous copper sulfate solution (blue) gives a green precipitation with aqueous potassium fluoride. Explain these experimental results.
I've read answers like, $\ce{H2O}$ is a weak ligand and ...
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I want a certain Ion in my solution. How do I choose which chemical to buy?
thanks for taking the time. I am physicist doing experiments in which I need certain Ions (at the moment, Ru(II)) in solution. I have no chemical training excepting what I'm learning right now. What I ...
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32 views
Balanced equation for Schweizer's reagent production?
In Thompson's Illustrated Guide to Home Chemistry Experiments the chemical formula for Schweizer's reagent is represented as $\ce{[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2}$ (although Wikipedia represents it as $\ce{[Cu(NH3)4(...
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Molar ratios not leading to complete reaction in Schweizer's reagent production
In my home lab, I've reacted $\ce{Cu(OH)2}$ with aqueous ammonia to produce Schweizer's reagent. However, I'm surprised by the amount of ammonia required to react with this amount of $\ce{Cu(OH)2}$. ...
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2answers
81 views
How to weight picric acid?
Picric acid is stored under a layer of water to prevent an explosion.
What is the right way to measure the amount of picric acid that taken out? It is wet and containing water.
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1answer
66 views
Will distillation do the job of purifying the water?
I asked about my sophisticated water purification system for a generation ship on Worldbuilding Stack Exchange, and somebody mentioned this:
If you're gonna go to all the trouble of distilling it, ...
2
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0answers
28 views
Activity of NaCl aqueous solution at high ionic strengths: Common-ion effect
Is there any theoretical way to estimate the activity of $\ce{NaCl}$ at high ionic strengths in water and that in $\pu{7 M}$ $\ce{NaCl}$ solution? This question is based on whether solubility of $\ce{...
2
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1answer
604 views
Reaction of aqueous sodium carbonate with aluminum foil
Aqueous sodium hydroxide is known to react with aluminum foil in an exothermic, hydrogen-gas releasing reaction like $$\ce{2NaOH(aq) + 2Al(s) + 2H2O(\ell) → 2NaAlO2(aq) + 3H2(g)}$$
However, on ...
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2answers
150 views
Why doesn't ethanol dissolve in sodium bicarbonate?
Today I experimented with different solvents and solutes and was a bit surprised by one result. When I added ethanol to dilute sodium bicarbonate and tapped the test tube against my palm to mix it, I ...
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0answers
18 views
Computing enthalpy of formation of dissolved gas from its enthalpy of dissolution
Provided that I know the enthalpy of formation $\Delta H_f^0(X_{g})$ of a substance $X$ in gas phase and its enthalpy of dissolution $\Delta H^0_{sol}(X)$ in the same conditions, considering that the ...
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1answer
38 views
Balancing the chemical equation using Oxidation Number Method [closed]
Permanganate ion reacts with bromide ion in basic medium to give manganese dioxide and bromate ion. Write the balanced ionic equation for the reaction.
Please balance the equation using the oxidation ...
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43 views
Reacting ZnSO4 with KCl
I'm considering the following reaction:
$\ce{ZnSO4} + 2 \ce{KCl} \ce{->} \ce{ZnCl2} + \ce{K2SO4}$
The high solubility of $\ce{ZnCl2}$ would favour the $\ce{ZnSO4}$ & $\ce{KCl}$ direction of ...
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1answer
257 views
Is Phosphate (PO4 3-) solube in water? [closed]
Josh~
Superphosphate is used instead of just phosphate because superphosphate is a compound whereas phosphate is an ion. This means that phosphate must attach itself with a cation in order to give a ...
0
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1answer
29 views
Why doesn't the expermintal molar solubility match the one calculated by the Ksp value?
For $\ce{HgCl2}$ ($M = \pu{271.52 g mol-1}$), the reported $K_\mathrm{sp}$ value is $10^{-15.69}$.
This means that the calculated molar solubility of $\ce{HgCl2}$ in water is $(10^{-15.69}/4)^{1/3}\...
2
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1answer
65 views
Relationship Atmospheric Gases and Ocean Gases [closed]
If this question is better suited for the Earth Science StackExchange or another StackExchange please let me know.
Edit 1: Modified for clarity and brevity.
Something that's unclear to me is the ...
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128 views
Solubility product constant of copper(II) bromide in water
One of the questions from chegg.com mentions $K_\mathrm{sp}(\ce{CuBr2}) = 6.3\cdot 10^{-10}$, but I suspect this value might be incorrect.
Could anyone confirm or refute that $K_\mathrm{sp}$ value?
...
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2answers
138 views
Why doesn't the solute settle out of a solution, such as brine or sugar water? [closed]
If I have a solution of salt or sugar dissolved in water, the solute will never settle out or "fall to the bottom", no matter low long I wait. Why is that?
Since salt and sugar (in their pure, solid ...
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1answer
51 views
How a titration curve is affected when a poorly soluble salt is formed?
Suppose that I have $\pu{100 mL}$ solution of strong acid, $\ce{HA}$, at $\pu{0.10 mol L^{-1}}$.
This solution is titrated with a strong base solution, $\ce{BOH}$, at $\pu{0.10 mol L^{-1}}$.
Suppose ...
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155 views
Why is solubility of AgCN is higher in acidic buffer?
Solubility of $\ce{AgCN}$ is maximum in
A) Acidic buffer solution
B) Basic buffer solution
C) Pure water
According to me, it should not matter in which solution we are putting the $\ce{AgCN}$...
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1answer
249 views
Why do we use hydrochloric in the test for sulfate ions but nitric acid for halide ions?
Recently, I have learnt about testing for ions in qualitative analysis (BBC Bitesize).
The link above which I used for reference mentions that for the test for sulfate anions, hydrochloric acid $(\ce{...
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1answer
89 views
How Would A Vast Mixture (Like an Ocean) of Ammonia-Water Behave in Terms of Evaporation and Freezing?
First, I'll go ahead and say I'm not very versed in chemistry. My question comes from my interest in planetary-sciences, specifically the speculation that there are likely exoplanets and moons with ...
1
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1answer
31 views
The time-dependent pH value in a fermentation
I want to know if someone has supporting tips or solutions to my problem:
In biotechnology, fermentations are used to grow microorganisms. These need a specific media/broth in which temperature, pH, ...
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Viscosity and concentration of solutions
I will need a fluid around a specific viscosity, using a mixture of water and something like sugar.
Is there a way to calculate viscosity based on concentration?
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1answer
74 views
How does sodium carbonate reduce pH?
Sodium carbonate is used in pools to raise pH. From my understanding, it would dissociate in water like so:
$$\ce{Na2CO3 <=> 2 Na+ + CO3^2-}$$
To raise pH, doesn't it have to absorb hydrogen ...
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1answer
243 views
How to derive the conductivity titration curve which accounts for salt formation
I derived an equation that gave me the volume of base required to get a certain $\mathrm{pH}$:
In a titration between a weak acid $\ce{HA}$ and weak base $\ce{B}$ (adding base into acid solution) the ...
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0answers
158 views
Reaction of Lead(II) Chloride and Ammonia
While searching how to identify cations in a solution I found that ammonia could be used to distinguish between $\ce{AgCl}$ and $\ce{PbCl2}$ precipitates after $\ce{HCl}$ had been added.
Why does ...
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59 views
Why decanted solution should be colorless when determining formula of unknown chloride?
I was following the guide “Stoichiometric Determination:
Empirical Formula of Copper Chloride”.
Under the Procedure section the following reaction is given:
Producing solid $\ce{Cu}$ from a $\ce{Cu(...
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1answer
64 views
Why does silver (I) have a larger lattice enthalpy and hydration enthalpy than sodium?
The ionic radius of the $\ce{Ag^+}$ ion is $129$ pm, and that of the $\ce{Na^+}$ ion is $116$ pm.
Since the sodium ion is smaller than the silver ion, it makes sense that it has a stronger polarizing ...
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1answer
44 views
Acid solution — lower pH when diluted
Today I came across a "thought experiment" regarding $\mathrm{pH}$ of a diluted acid solution. This idea looks somewhat logical but obviously contradicts the reality. Can you show me where is the ...
0
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1answer
78 views
Molar conductivity of transition metal complexes solutions [closed]
Which of the following has the highest molar conductivity?
(A) Diaminedichloroplatinum(I)
(B) Tetraamminedichlorocobalt(III) chloride
(C) Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)
(D) Hexaaquochromium(...
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1answer
69 views
Titration of barium(II) hydroxide by hydrochloric acid
$\pu{25 ml}$ of $\pu{0.024 M}$ $\ce{HCl}$ is titrated into a volumetric flask which initially contains $\pu{45 ml}$ of $\pu{0.034 M}$ $\ce{Ba(OH)2}$. Calculate the $\mathrm{pH}$.
This is how I ...
2
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2answers
329 views
Potassium carbonate vs. Potassium hydroxide in Wood Ash
I'm trying to get more concrete information about the chemical process of creating soap from wood ash.
What I’m confused about: Many soap-making materials say that you create potassium hydroxide ...
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0answers
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Which of acid aqueous solution 1) to 4) is non-volatile one?
I am working on my scholarship exam practice assuming high school chemistry knowledge and struggling at how I can rationalize this question.
Which of acid aqueous solution 1) to 4) is non-volatile ...
