Questions tagged [energy]
For questions relating to the energy required for or produced by reactions, including questions of endothermicity/exothermicity, bond enthalpy, etc.
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questions
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2answers
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How is energy not stored in bonds? [duplicate]
Consider the paraphrase from Ebbing:
It takes energy to break bonds & energy is released when bonds are formed
Let's look at the first statement It takes energy to break bonds.
Is this true ...
-4
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0answers
38 views
Least/Lowest London Dispersion Force! [on hold]
What/Which would be the least London Dispersion Force? In the human body.
And How many eV would it be?
1
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1answer
50 views
Why does the Heisenberg uncertainty principle work in an atom? [closed]
Where is my logic wrong?
An electron can only assume quantized energies in an atom.
If an electron is localized in space in a hydrogen atom, its radius is known. If its radius is known, its ...
2
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0answers
23 views
eV and redox potential
I am trying to estimate the redox potential of an excited state as described in this reference.
The paper says:
The reduction potentials associated with the excited states
cannot be directly ...
2
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0answers
34 views
Bond Dissociation Energy in Water [duplicate]
Why do the bond dissociation energies of the O−H bonds in water differ? Is it related to an increase in lone pair-bond pair repulsions upon the breaking of the first O−H bond (decrease in stability, ...
2
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0answers
67 views
What is the largest known zero-point energy for a molecule?
I was surprised to find out that the zero-point energy (ZPE) for the ground state of $\ce{BH3}$ is a few thousand $\pu{cm-1}$, because for molecules I usually work with, it's much smaller. Does anyone ...
3
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0answers
41 views
Does the activation energy depend upon the stoichiometric coefficient?
For the decomposition of $\ce{N2O5(g)}$ it is given that
$$
\begin{align}
\ce{2 N2O5(g) &→ 4 NO2(g) + O2(g)} &\quad\text{activation energy} &= E_\mathrm{a}\\
\ce{N2O5(g) &→ 2 NO2(...
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0answers
18 views
what is the bonding energy of I2 and I3-?
I need some information of bonding energy.
I found that the bonding energy of $\ce{I2}$ is $\pu{151 kJ/mol}$ (https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/dimethyl-ether-ch3och3-ethanol-ch3ch2oh-constitutional-...
0
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1answer
46 views
Why potential energy is neglected in this problem for calculating the energy difference between two stationary Bohr Orbits? [closed]
Question
An electron in a hydrogen like atom makes a transition from a state in which its de-Broglie wavelength is $\lambda_1$ to a state in which its de-Broglie wavelength is $\lambda_2$, then ...
2
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0answers
31 views
What is total enthalpy?
I've seen that it's defined as $h_0 = h + \frac{v^2}{2}$, where $h_0$ is the total enthalpy per unit mass. I can see that the $\frac{v^2}{2}$ term probably has something to do with kinetic energy, but ...
3
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1answer
114 views
Rechargeable Battery Based on Neutralization Reaction of Acid and Base [closed]
The neutralization reaction, such as $\ce{HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O}$, generates heat, which is around $\pu{57.30 kJ/mol}$.
Can we use this energy to design a battery?
This idea occurs in my mind for a ...
1
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0answers
33 views
Why do the d orbitals contract when pairing of electrons start, because the size should increase due to increase in energy
The energy of an orbital is proportional to its mean radial distance, and since the 3d orbital is much larger it is much higher in energy than the 3s and 3p orbitals
All references from JD Lee ...
3
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1answer
64 views
Relationship between Gibbs free energy and potential energy (related to reaction coordinate diagrams)
For a rate law, the rate constant $k$ is given by the equation
$$\ln k = \ln A - \frac{E_\mathrm{a}}{RT}\tag{1}$$
If $k_\mathrm{fwd}$ is the forward rate constant and $k_\mathrm{rev}$ is the reverse ...
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votes
2answers
73 views
Finding atomic number given energies of emitted photons
A hydrogen-like atom (atomic number $Z$) is in a higher excited state of quantum number $n$. This excited atom can make a transition to the first excited state by successively emitting two photons of ...
2
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0answers
38 views
What is the activation energy barrier of uncatalyzed nitrogen fixation?
I'm interested in the activation energy ($E_\mathrm a$) of uncatalyzed aqueous nitrogen fixation:
$$\ce{3 H2 + N2 -> 2 NH3}$$
Biology performs this reaction with the nitrogenase enzyme at room ...
2
votes
2answers
112 views
Does energy come from fuel or oxygen? (surprise?)
Question: Is it oxygen or fuel that releases energy during burning?
The answer from this article:
Why Combustions Are Always Exothermic, Yielding About 418 kJ per Mole of O2 (Journal of Chemical ...
0
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1answer
36 views
Calculating bond dissociation enthalpy of F-F bond
$$\ce{N2 + 3 F2 -> 2 NF3} \quad ΔH = \pu{-263 kJ mol-1}$$
The bond dissociation enthalpies of the nitrogen triple bond and nitrogen–flourine bond are $\pu{946 kJ mol-1}$ and $\pu{272 kJ mol-1}....
0
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0answers
49 views
What is meaning of LAV2P basis set?
I am working on energy optimization of molecular structure using DFT with Schrödinger software and I found that job is running on LAV2P basis set. I want to know what is the meaning of this basis set ...
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2answers
65 views
What are the system and surroundings when dissolving sodium nitrate in water?
When sodium nitrate ($\ce{NaNO3}$) dissolves in water at room temperature, the
solution cools down. $\Delta H$ is positive because heat flows into the system during the process.
I thought though, ...
4
votes
1answer
194 views
Can I compare DFT calculations with different grids?
When doing DFT calculations, some integrations are commonly done numerically on grids. [In fact, more than a single grid may be used at the same time for different integrals, e.g. approximations such ...
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0answers
15 views
Reaction enthalpy using bond energy in resonating molecules
To find out and enthalpy of a reaction using bond energy we use the formula
$$\Delta H = \sum\Delta_\mathrm{bond}H_\mathrm{reactants} - \sum\Delta_\mathrm{bond}H_\mathrm{products}$$
since we use all ...
0
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0answers
36 views
Why is it easier to break a C-H bond of methane after another C-H bond has already been broken?
Bond energy explanations say the number given is often an average.
For instance, in methane, the $\ce{C-H}$ bond dissociation energy is the total energy required to remove all four hydrogens, ...
9
votes
3answers
1k views
Can Rydberg constant be in joules?
In my textbook (Chemistry Part - I for Class XI published by NCERT), there is an equation for the energy of an electron in an energy state: $$E_n = -R_\mathrm H\left(\frac{1}{n^2}\right)$$ and there ...
1
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0answers
58 views
How can the potential energy at the infinite energy level in an atom be zero?
I have recently learnt about atomic structure and the Bohr model of the atom and have observed a discrepancy between it and my previous knowledge based on physics.
For simplicity, assume the atom is ...
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1answer
28 views
Prolonging the exothermic reaction between calcium oxide and water
Is it possible to generate 10-minutes of heat using very small amounts of CaO and water? This is an exothermic reaction.
I've done this experiment at home, but it is very short-lived. I'm trying to ...
3
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1answer
82 views
What actually happens when 'energy is released'? [duplicate]
Thermodynamics classes and equations always discuss a chemical reaction in the form of energy being released or absorbed. This is always hand-waved as just 'energy' from the surroundings.
What's ...
2
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1answer
333 views
Barron states that 4.18×10⁸ joules equal 1 kcal, is this correct?
Here is a paragraph in Barron's SAT chemistry prep book:
Work itself is measured in Joules, and so is energy. In some problems, however, energy may be expressed in kilocalories. The relationship ...
0
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1answer
48 views
Relevance of strain energy, total energy and stability of molecule?
Would anybody please highlight the difference between total strain energy of a molecule, total energy of a molecule and what we can infer about the stability of the molecule using the total strain ...
1
vote
1answer
37 views
Change in heat of photosynthesis
Consider a plant that uses the energy it receives from the sun to do work (to undergo photosynthesis) to produce glucose. The minimum amount of work this plant can do to produce 1 mole of glucose is ...
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2answers
59 views
Is the molar mass of a molecules lowered by the binding energy of the chemical bonds?
When calculating the molar mass, is there any measurable difference in total mass of the molecule due to the loss of binding energy?
6
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4answers
376 views
Colliding particles and activation energy
If two particles collide and they are under activation energy, why do they JUST “bounce apart”? Isn’t the activation energy steadily decreasing if those particles continuously collide?
I always ...
2
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1answer
50 views
Heat lost in evaporation at constant temperature
I ran an experiment evaporating salt water at different temperatures and concentrations. I’m trying to figure out how much energy is needed to maintain water at a specific temperature even when its ...
2
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2answers
74 views
Which substances have the highest/lowest enthalpy of formation per gram?
Which substances have the most extreme enthalpies of formation per gram at standard temperature and pressure?
0
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2answers
49 views
Ideal gas constant applied to water, lead, and other non-gases
I've asked a number of chemists why the ideal gas constant is in the equation for Gibbs free energy, and all say the same thing: "The name is a relic of the argon gas chamber used to determine energy ...
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1answer
149 views
Definition of Lattice Energy
From previous studies, I recalled in my lecture theatre today that lattice energy was the energy released when an ionic compounds is formed from individual atoms in the gaseous state. I thought this ...
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2answers
185 views
Why are some reactions exothermic and some are endothermic? [closed]
Some reactions turn out to be exothermic or endothermic. But why does this occur? Why do some reactions need energy to bond but some release energy to bond?
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1answer
315 views
Why is the principal energy of an electron lower for excited electrons in a higher energy state?
Several places state the 'principal energy of an electron' can be calculated as such:
$$E = \frac{2π^2mZ^2e^4}{n^2h^2}$$
Another equation I found was:
$$E = -\frac{E_0}{n^2},$$
where $$E_0 = \pu{...
5
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1answer
133 views
Energy of photons of given frequency and number
I’m having trouble with calculating the energy of $\pu{5.00e10}$ photons of frequency $\pu{1.00e9 s-1}$.
I know that to calculate the energy $E = hf$ is to be used. However, I am unaware as to what ...
0
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1answer
2k views
What is the maximum number of emission lines when the excited electron of a H atom in n = 6 drops to ground state?
When an electron in a higher energy state jumps to a lower energy state in Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, it emits a photon which has energy equal to the difference in the energy between the final and ...
1
vote
1answer
23 views
Overall enthalpy balance on a mixing process
Let's say I have a mixing process involving $\ce{A}$ and $\ce{B}$ at temperatures $T_\ce{A}$ and $T_\ce{B}$, respectively. The $\ce{AB}$ mix is at temperature $T_p$. Our $ΔH_\mathrm{mix}$ is defined ...
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5answers
1k views
Define, (actually define) the “stability” and “energy” of a compound
When we say a conformer or compound is of "higher energy" than another, are we quantifying energy in terms of the bond strength? Or are we going off of how much energy it takes to break the bond? I ...
2
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1answer
234 views
Are the vibrational modes of CO2 active at room temperature?
I was doing an experiment whereby I had to measure the specific heat ratios of certain gases. Carbon dioxide came out to be around 1.3, and checking with the accepted values this is close. My question ...
1
vote
1answer
41 views
Why do reactions happen at all? [closed]
What makes some atoms/compounds reactive and some noble? What is the fundamental truth behind a reaction? It seems that two species can undergo number of combination to give a compound. Say Sodium and ...
5
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4answers
191 views
Where does the potential energy of capillary action come from?
Capillary action is when water pulls itself up a paper towel, glass tube or a tree. It is going up, which results in an increase in potential energy. According to the law of conversation of energy, ...
2
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1answer
122 views
Formulas for the number of spectral lines
While reading through Narendra Avasthi's Problems in Physical Chemistry, I came across two formulas on p. 64 (Scanned page):
When electrons de-excite from higher energy level ($n_2$) to lower ...
0
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1answer
109 views
What is the first ionization energy of the hydride ion?
What is the first ionization energy for hydride?
Since there are two electrons in the s orbital, I suppose it should be more stable than hydrogen, despite the extra electric charge, so the ionization ...
1
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2answers
119 views
During formation and breaking of bonds, can the terms potential energy and bond energy be used interchangeably?
My chemistry professor uses these terms interchangeably and I was wondering if they refer to the same thing. From what I understand, bond energy is the energy required to break one mole of covalently ...
3
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2answers
113 views
Ea is the term for activation energy, what is the mean of a in this term?
Our doctor said it is not stand for activation. it stands for something else, any help will be appreciated.
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4answers
222 views
Adiabatic processes and the Ideal Gas Law [closed]
in my first year chemistry textbook it wrights that in adiabatic proccess when there is a system of canister filled with gas and a piston above(and wheights on it) if we let the piston move upward by ...
1
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1answer
916 views
Which has a higher lattice energy CaO or NaCl? [closed]
I know that as charge increase the lattice energy increases as well. However when the size increases, the lattice energy decreases. Can you please explain this to me? I think it is CaO but i'm not ...
