Questions tagged [acid-base]
This tag should be applied to questions concerning acid and base reactions. An acid is capable of donating a hydron/ proton (Brønsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). A base on the other hand is a chemical species/ molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron/ proton (Brønsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other species (Lewis base).
2,519
questions
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1answer
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Why Peroxydisulphuric Acid is also called as Marshall's Acid and Peroxymonosulphuric Acid as Caro's Acid?
I recently come across the oxaacids of Sulphur and got to know to Acids, $\ce{H2S2O8}$ and $\ce{H2SO5}$ as Marshall's Acid and Caro's Acid respectively, but I am just eager to know why they are named ...
1
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0answers
36 views
Why HCl is used in Lucas test?
In Lucas test $\ce{HCl}$ is used for acid-base reaction between $\ce{Zn(OH)Cl}$ to give $\ce{ZnCl2}$ and $\ce{H2O}$ which is kind of good because $\ce{ZnCl2}$ is formed again and used in first step ...
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0answers
17 views
State two chemical properties of C02 [closed]
all information on chemistry. Including organic and advanced chemistry
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0answers
24 views
HNO2 as a lewis acid [closed]
I read that $\ce{HNO2}$ is a very unstable compound but I still can’t figure out which atom is the cause of this instability or like what’s the reason?
My second question is: For a compound with ...
1
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0answers
27 views
Why basicity decreases for leaving groups, but nucleophicity increases for an overall compound, going down the periodic table?
Basically, I read that nucleophilicity increases going down the periodic table within a particular group, due to polarizability, but basicity decreases down a group (or family) in the periodic table, ...
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0answers
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Please Explain:: If in a reaction A + B --> C then WHY gram equivalent of A == gram equivalent. of B == gram equivalent. of C? [closed]
For example : 2 H2 + 1 O2 --> 2 H2O
THEN WHY ; gram equivalent of H2 == gram equivalent. of O2 == gram equivalent. of H2O
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0answers
61 views
Buffer which was prepared by dissolving 0.10 mol of benzoic acid is dissolved [closed]
A pH 4.88 buffer which was prepared by dissolving 0.10 mol of benzoic acid (Ka = 6.3x10-5) and 0.50 mol of sodium benzoate in sufficient pure water to form a 1.00 L solution. A 2.00 mL of 2.00 M HI ...
0
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1answer
47 views
Calculating concentration of OH⁻ ions [closed]
Calculate concentration of $\ce{OH-}$ ions in $\pu{0.66 mol L^-1}$ solution of $\ce{NH4+}.$
I think that there might be something missing, as the only law I have for this kind of problems is
$$[\ce{...
2
votes
2answers
57 views
What actually happens in strong acid- weak base reactions?
I'm going back through my notes from a chemistry class, which I did well in despite not having a very good conceptual understanding, in order to hopefully develop that understanding, but there's ...
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2answers
23 views
What is the difference between enthalpy change and energy change? [closed]
This question seems really dumb but I rather be safe than sorry. I read about enthalpy change in my chemistry textbook which defines enthalpy change as the energy exchange between a chemical reaction ...
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0answers
78 views
Is honey a good choice for chemistry senior essay? [closed]
I am doing my senior essay on chemistry and I was interested in honey, the only thing that's scaring me is that my content is more of biology rather than chemistry, in other words, does honey involve ...
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0answers
24 views
Acid/base stoichiometry exercise [closed]
How much water in moles is produced when excess hydrochloric acid ($\ce{HCl}$) neutralizes 6.2 moles of barium hydroxide ($\ce{Ba(OH)2}$)? Write the balanced chemical equation.
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0answers
25 views
Out of 3 acids which would react [duplicate]
If I had a product that contained Hydrochloric phosphoric and hydrofluoric acidenter image description here and reacted those acids with zinc without the presence of H2O2 what would my final product ...
2
votes
1answer
44 views
When does nucleophilic attack and proton transfer happen? [closed]
from the reaction, the 3rd molecule (carboxylic acid) formed undergo neutralization with OH- (proton transfer to a base).
However, is it possible for the 3rd molecule to behave as the 1st molecule (...
1
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0answers
36 views
How to know whether a molecule is 'stabilized' [closed]
According to a reference book, in acid-base reactions, the position of equilibrium is shifted towards when the conjugate base is more 'stable' and the relative stabilities are compared by
different ...
0
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1answer
38 views
Reaction of hydrogen peroxide with sodium carbonate [closed]
In my book the following acid base reaction is written:
$$\ce{H2O2 + Na2CO3 -> Na2O2 + H2O + CO2}$$
But I found that the $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ value of $\ce{H2CO3}$ is less than the one for $\...
1
vote
1answer
63 views
Acidity order of xenon fluorides,oxides and oxofluorides [closed]
The acidity order of xenon oxides,fluorides and oxofluorides is:
$\ce{XeF6 > XeO2F4 > XeO3F2 > XeO4 > XeOF4 > XeF4 > XeO2F2 > XeF3 > XeO3}$.
How to justify this order?
My ...
1
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1answer
37 views
1.0 g of AlCl3 is added to 100.0 ml of water. What would be the resulting pH?
$1.0\ \mathrm g$ of $\ce{AlCl3}$ is added to $100.0\ \mathrm{ml}$ of water. What would be the resulting pH?
I think the answer may be $4.022$ but I'm not certain.
The reaction wasn't provided but I ...
3
votes
2answers
61 views
How to derive composite acidity constant for H2CO3*?
I see the equation (19) and (20) on Stumm and Morgan's Aquatic Chemistry book (Fig. 1 here). They said "a combination of equations 19 and 20" gives Equation 21. But I don't know how the Equation (21) ...
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2answers
30 views
How to properly clean spilled battery content?
I was cleaning my wardrobe when I found some huge white-brown blots where there was a lot of batteries that I have use. I was keeping them for properly disposal but I forget to do that.
I ...
1
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2answers
85 views
Why is HCl the acid of choice for swimming pools?
Why is muriatic acid the go to acid to put into pools? Does it work better than nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or another strong acid? I mean they all will add the same amount of H+ right? Note, we use ...
0
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0answers
21 views
Basicity order of 2nd group oxides
It's a general trend that basicity of oxides decreases down the group.
But recently I came across a statement "the basicity of second group oxide decreases down the group and decrease in basic nature ...
1
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1answer
161 views
Confusion about Titration Formula [closed]
When performing a titration of a monoprotic acid and a monoprotic base, water can not be added to the titrant but water can be added to the analyte. To prove this statement to myself, I decided to ...
3
votes
2answers
243 views
What is the correct pH value of weak and strong alkalis? [closed]
In the book titled fundamental chemistry for Cambridge O level, it states at page 149,
Ammonia solution with a pH of 11.1 is a weak alkali and that's why it shows much lower conductivity of 0.50 ...
1
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0answers
19 views
Which is more effective at raising pH, Tums or baking soda?
Chemical buffers like Tums (calcium carbonate) and bases like baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) are both used medically to reduce acidity in the stomach to ease heartburn symptoms. I'm curious which is ...
4
votes
0answers
53 views
Is there an adhesive that is not dissolved by acetone?
I am trying to glue glass sheets together to make a sealed 13" x 13" x 13" box. Inside this box there would be acetone gas used to melt 3D printed parts to make them more durable. Acetone will remove ...
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0answers
37 views
Products of stainless steel and acetic acid reaction
I left a stainless steel knife in "cleaning vinegar" for a few days (a ~30% acetic acid solution, which also contains an unknown quantity of an "edible salt") (sorry about the vagueness – this is ...
0
votes
1answer
40 views
Do acids stay acid forever? [closed]
I mean their pH value never change unless we dilute with water etc?
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a proton (hydrogen
ion H+) (a Brønsted–Lowry acid), or, alternatively, ...
1
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1answer
24 views
What can create black stains on metal after putting HCl on a tap full of limestale?
After putting HCl on a tap part that was really attacked by limescale, lots of gas began to form and limescale progressively disappeared, as expected.
However, the reaction left behind black soot-...
1
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1answer
34 views
Way to create acidic/HCl gel? [closed]
Is there a way to turn azeotropic hydrochloric acid into a gel?
I am trying to remove barnacles from the bottom of a boat and normal hydrochloric acid works, but it is tedious because in liquid form ...
0
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0answers
17 views
Calculating pH dibasic mixtures of buffer solutions
Q) Calculate the pH of a solution made by mixing 0.1 M NH₃, and 0.1 M (NH₄)₂SO₄,- (pKb, of NH₃= 4.76)
Here's the solution:
It is a basic buffer.
[Base]
$$
\begin{aligned}
[\text { Base }]
=&\...
0
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1answer
24 views
carbon dioxide and its behaviour in acid base balance [closed]
In human body acid base balance, why and how does the dissolved carbon dioxide increases the hydrogen ion concentration with increasing in its partial pressure..? At the same time bicarbonate ion is ...
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1answer
23 views
Are all dynamic equilibrium reactions with neutralization, must also be buffers?
Reactions like:
$\ce{H2CO3_{(aq)} + H2O_{(l)} <--> H3O+_{(aq)} + HCO3-_{(aq)}}$
or
$\ce{C5H5N_{(aq)} + H2O_{(l)} <--> C5H5NH+_{(aq)} + OH-_{(aq)}}$
Does that mean that the last stage ...
5
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0answers
40 views
Are there acid/base processes in aqueous solution that are so slow that they are kinetically controlled?
This question came up in figuring out what the fundamental differences are between redox chemistry and acid/base chemistry (if any).
In redox chemistry, strong oxidants and strong reductants can co-...
4
votes
1answer
64 views
In acid/base chemistry, are there amphoteric substances that undergo something that resembles disproportionation in redox chemistry
Some substances disproportionate. This means a species with an intermediate oxidation state yields two species with higher and lower oxidation state. For example:
$$\ce{Hg2Cl2 -> Hg + HgCl2}$$
My ...
1
vote
1answer
50 views
Can methanol act as a ligand? [closed]
As methanol is both a lewis acid and a lewis base, the lewis base part suggests that it can act as a ligand as many bases are. So, is methanol a ligand? And what is the reason behind it?
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1answer
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Why is formic acid stronger than acetic acid [duplicate]
Even when acetate ion is stabilized due to resonance why is it a weaker acid than formic acid. It is true that acetic acid has +I effect due to methyl group present on it but resonance is a stronger ...
3
votes
4answers
130 views
Calculation of Degree of Dissociation from Ostwald's Dilution Law
A "weak" electrolyte, $\ce{A+B-}$, ionizes in solution as:
$$\ce{AB <=> A+ + B-}\tag{1}$$
$$ K_d =\dfrac{\ce{[A+][B-]}}{\ce{[AB]}}=\dfrac{(\alpha c_{0})(\alpha c_{0})}{(1-\alpha )c_{0}}=\...
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2answers
77 views
Production of hypoclorous acid by salt water electrolysis: requesting tips [closed]
I wish to use commonly available perfume ultrasonic nebulizers/diffusers to "fog" my working environment with hypoclorous acid, to obtain full coverage (ish) disinfection, albeit slowly.
I also wish ...
0
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0answers
27 views
Enthalpy of reaction and Hard/Soft Acid/Base
The following reaction has an Enthalpy change of -1 kcal/mol:
CsI + RbCl -> CsCl + RbI
Is it possible to explain this in terms of Hard/Soft Acid/Base ?
0
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0answers
30 views
Strong Base and weak acid reaction problem
I got the above problem correct by setting up the net ionic equation and finding the limiting reactant. I found that there were 0.01076 moles of NaOH left, and then calculated it's molarity which led ...
2
votes
2answers
78 views
Copper acetate solution turning clear
I made a solution of copper acetate using 5% Acetic acid 3%hydrogen peroxide and copper wire and copper pipe and it had produced a blue solution of copper acetate. I left it over night to continue ...
9
votes
1answer
169 views
Peculiar deprotonation of an alkenyl proton
In this synthesis of Punctatin A, there is this peculiar deprotonation step. When subjected to the base $\ce {NaH}$, we would expect deprotonation at the $\alpha$-position, at the side opposite to the ...
0
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0answers
23 views
How does the pKa of a neutral molecule inform the protonation state of its positively charged molecule?
Let's say we have some neutral molecule A and its protonated form, A+. The pKa of molecule A is known, but we do not know the pKa of molecule A+. Can the pKa of molecule A+ be determined only knowing ...
2
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0answers
31 views
Calculating the pH of a sodium phosphate solution
I have the following question in a chemistry homework:
Calculate the $\mathrm{pH}$ of a solution made by dissolving $\pu{113 g}$ of sodium phosphate in enough water to make a solution with a final ...
4
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0answers
64 views
How can should one separate and purify benzophenone from salicylic acid?
I am working with two solids and I know that they are benzophenone (s)(ketone) and salicylic acid (s) (carboxylic acid). I am curious to know what is/are the best method of extraction and ...
0
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0answers
21 views
Why is N-Methyl Aniline a stronger base than p-Anisidine?
I am told that mesomeric effect is stronger than inductive effect. Does that not mean that the Methoxy group at para position should have a greater effect than the N-methyl group on the basicity of ...
0
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0answers
24 views
Order of adding reactants on growth of Cu
I am reading the following paper which details the steps to control growth of Copper. They fabricate Copper powders from $\ce{CuNO3, NaOH, and C6H8O6}$. Specifically, in this paper they add the sodium ...
0
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1answer
47 views
Iron Out and CLR mixed - toxic gas?
Someone I know mixed the liquid forms of Iron Out and CLR (Calcium, Lime, & Rust Remover) together to clean out a plastic bathtub.
I have the SDS sheets for each:
https://images-na.ssl-images-...
0
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2answers
22 views
Reaction of metal carbonate with acids [closed]
It is said that acids react with metal carbonate to form salt carbon dioxide and water.
Sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride , carbon dioxide and water
But if we ...
