Questions tagged [transition-metals]
For questions about the characteristic physical properties, chemical reactions, etc. of d-block elements, group 3-12, or their compounds. Do not use this tag if your questions is about general properties of metals, use [metal] instead. Also see [rare-earth-elements].
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20 views
A hydrated transition metal ion is colourless. Which of the following could be the electronic configuration of this ion?
Here are the options:
A [Ar] 3d$^{5}$ 4s$^{2}$
B [Ar] 3d$^{8}$
C [Ar] 3d$^{10}$ 4s$^{2}$
D [Ar] 3d$^{10}$
I would have thought B, as it has an incomplete d-subshell, and it doesn't have any 4s ...
2
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1answer
95 views
How to determine the greatest d orbital splitting?
This question comes specifically from an IB Chemistry HL Paper 1 in May 2018 TZ1, namely question 8.
Which complex has the greatest d orbital splitting?
It gives 4 Complexes $\ce{[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{2+}}$,...
2
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0answers
15 views
Metal catalysts used in C-H bond functionalisation [closed]
Why are the late transition metals used for C-H bond activation/functionalisation? What atomic properties of the late TM make them attractive for coordinating C-H sigma bonds?
Thanks.
1
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1answer
39 views
How to convert soluble colorless [HgI₄]²⁻ back to insoluble red HgI₂? [closed]
When a solution contains $\ce{Hg^2+}$ and $\ce{I-}$, depend on the concentration ratio of $\ce{Hg^2+}$ and $\ce{I-}$, the following reactions can happen:
$$\ce{Hg^2+ + 2 I- ⟶ \underset{insoluble red ...
0
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0answers
19 views
ML6 Type Coordinate Complexes - Drawing a Molecular Energy Orbital Diagram
In class we recently discussed how to draw out molecular orbital energy diagrams for compounds such as NH3 (ammonia). Building upon this, we touched on how to construct a molecular energy diagram for ...
0
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0answers
31 views
Qualitative analysis of iron(III) salt
Why will $\ce{Fe^3+}$ give brown ring test?
In my textbook it was given that ferric ion gives brown ring too. I am confused, if ferric ion is already present, then what will reduce nitrate ion to ...
0
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1answer
108 views
Why do the f-block elements ( inner transition metals) have an oxidation number of +3? [closed]
The f-block valence electrons understandably include the outermost two from 6s. But why do the f-block elements have an oxidation number of +3, pulling an electron from an inner shell, not even a d-...
1
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1answer
48 views
Aqueous copper and how it reacts with NH3
I have learnt that you can test whether an unknown metal is copper by doing a simple test tube reaction. The reaction involves adding aqueous $\ce{NH3}$ to the test tube which contains the copper.
...
3
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2answers
144 views
Is Fe(OH)2 soluble in alkalis?
I have just started inorganic chemistry in school and I have just learnt about metal aqua ions and how they react in water. I learnt that $\ce{[Fe(H2O)6]^2+}$ reacts in water by losing a $\ce{H+}$ ...
1
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1answer
28 views
How is traditional thermite powder stored such that it doesn’t corrode?
I watched some guy talk about redox reactions. Then he was going to do the good old thermite demonstration. He just had a bottle of thermite mixture. I’m wondering, why didn’t it have a chance to ...
3
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0answers
39 views
Why are the Covalent Radii of Ruthenium and Osmium So Similar?
Osmium and Ruthenium have covalent radii 144 and 146 respectively (according to Wikipedia).
How are these values so similar when Osmium has 32 more electrons, with another filled p, s, and f orbital ...
1
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0answers
40 views
Copper Mirror Reaction
I would like to create a copper mirror on a plate of sandblasted glass.
I know that a reaction exists:
$$\ce{CuSO4 + N2H2 -> Cu + N2 + H2SO4}$$
I know that such a plate of copper is very weak. ...
0
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0answers
22 views
What are Technetium's physical stress characteristics?
I've looked at periodic and data tables from several sources, but none give mechanical / engineering property data on Technetium. Why is this?
2
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0answers
36 views
Can hexavalent chromium be created by exposure of chromium alloys to air at room temperature?
I believe that Cr on its own (as in chrome coating) oxidizes as Cr(III) when exposed to air, and similarly I think that it is the same for Cr as a component of stainless steel.
Is it always the case ...
1
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1answer
65 views
Why does ligand substitution occur when OH- is a better ligand than NH3?
$$\ce{[Cr(H2O)3(OH)3](s) + 6NH3 -> [Cr(NH3)6]^3+ + 3H2O + 3OH-}$$
When excess $\ce{NH3}$ is added to triaquatrihydroxychromium(III), why does ligand substitution occur when $\ce{OH-}$ is a better ...
0
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2answers
58 views
How to balance this redox reaction taking place in a basic medium?
How to balance this reaction which is taking place in a basic medium?
$$\ce{Al + MnO4- -> MnO2 + Al(OH)4-}$$
My Attempt
Reduction half reaction:
$$
\begin{align}
\ce{4 H+ + MnO4- + 3 e- &-&...
2
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2answers
133 views
Density of d-block elements
Something that confuses me slightly is the trends in density when comparing periods 4, 5, and 6 in the d-block. Looking at periods 5 and 6, the density peaks at group 8, with ruthenium and osmium, ...
1
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0answers
48 views
Ionization enthalpies of Transition elements
“There is generally expected increasing trend in the values as the effective nuclear charge increases. However the value[First ionisation enthalpy] of Cr is lower because of the absence of regarding ...
3
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0answers
39 views
Dilute FeCl3 colour is darker at 5e-4M than at 5e-3M. Why?
I did two different dilutions of $\ce{FeCl3}$ (within a $\pu{1h}$ timespan) from $\pu{0.05 M}$, and the one with $\pu{5E-4 M}$ concentration looked a darker orange than the one with $\pu{5E-3 M}$.
...
0
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1answer
195 views
Oxidation state in transition metals
Why does scandium has +2 oxidation state unstable? It only has +3 oxidation state stable.
Scandium has outermost electronic configuration as 3d¹4s². Why it does not lose two 4s e- only instead of all ...
3
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1answer
120 views
Stability of 3d metal fluorides and iodides in different oxidation states
I read that the fluorides of 3d metals in lower oxidation states, e.g. $\ce{VF2}$, $\ce{TiF2}$, and $\ce{CuF}$ are thermodynamically unstable. For example, $\ce{CuF}$ disproportionates to $\ce{Cu + ...
4
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0answers
32 views
Rhombohedral second-order Jahn–Teller effect in Au(II) complex?
I was recently listening to a talk about the following work[1] when the author mentioned that they explained the following. In this $\ce{Au(II)}$-porphyrin complex you observe two sets of $\ce{Au-N}$ ...
2
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0answers
160 views
Molecular orbital diagram for terminal metal-oxo complex with dative bonds
I am interested in terminal metal-oxo complexes and their electronic structure, specifically those with coordination numbers of 6, including the oxo ligand.
I know that Fe(IV)-oxo complexes tend to ...
0
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1answer
53 views
precipitation reaction - cellulose in schweizer reagent reacts with acid
In the regeneration of dissolved cellulose (in a cuprammonium solution) in an acid bath, say sulphuric acid, what is the chemical reaction?
There is a lot about the chemistry of the production of the ...
3
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1answer
124 views
Which karat gold is harder, 24 kt or 18 kt?
$\pu{24 kt}$ gold indicates that $24/24$ part of it, i.e. $100\%$ of it is gold. $\pu{18 kt}$ indicates that $18/24$ part of it is gold. As gold is a soft element, I reckoned that $\pu{18 kt}$ gold ...
4
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1answer
348 views
Considering the d-d transition how, does tetracyanidonickelate(II) ion exist as a colored complex?
As I refer on google, the resources indicated that,
the d block elements which have unpaired electrons as in their ions, when they are making complexes with ligands, they can absorb different ...
4
votes
2answers
68 views
Transition metal or transition element?
With reference to the periodic table’s d-block, are the terms “transition metals” and “transition elements” interchangeable when describing these elements?
Are there any situations where it would be ...
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1answer
314 views
Why do NON -Transition elements exhibit variable oxidation state?
I know transition elements exhibit variable oxidation states because valence electrons are in d block and s which are very close so they have similar energies ,thus with slightly different energies ...
0
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0answers
408 views
Compare stability of transition metal cations in aqueous solution
I have to compare the stability of the following transition metal cations: $\ce{Co^3+, Fe^3+, Cr^3+, Sc^3+}$ in aqueous solution. (Source: Joint Entrance Exam (JEE) 2013 Mains India)
The first thing ...
0
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1answer
398 views
Does tetraoxidovanadium (VO4+) ion exist?
In my book (NCERT India), it is mentioned that: (page 224)
...$\ce{Mn2O7}$ gives $\ce{HMnO4}$ and $\ce{CrO3}$ gives $\ce{H2CrO4}$ and $\ce{H2Cr2O7}$. $\ce{V2O5}$ is, however, amphoteric though ...
0
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1answer
615 views
Colour of the transition metal complexes [closed]
I read in my Chemistry AP class that the colour of the transition metal complexes is due to the wavelength of the visible light that is left unabsorbed, when the d subshell is split due to the ...
2
votes
1answer
181 views
ligand pi system irreducible representation for trigonal bipyramidal transition metal complex
I am considering a D$_{3h}$ trigonal bipyramidal transition metal complex MX$_5$. I have found that the irreducible representation for the ligand s and $\sigma$ systems is 2A$_1'$+A$_2''$+E$'$. I ...
1
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1answer
77 views
What are the magnetic properties of [Ni(S2C2Ph2)2]^z's 3 oxidation states?
I was doing some research on Wikipedia and I came across the article on non-innocent ligands. It talked about the chemical $$[\ce{Ni(S_2C_2Ph_2)_2}]^z$$ as an example. It mentioned that the transition ...
1
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0answers
100 views
Color of potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate [duplicate]
In $\ce{KMnO4}$, the Oxidation state of $\ce{Mn}$ is +7, which results in an electronic configuration as $\ce{[Ar] 4s^0 3d^0}$
In $\ce{K2Cr2O7}$,the Oxidation state of $\ce{Cr}$ is +6, which results ...
1
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0answers
726 views
The irregular trend in ionization enthalpy of 3d elements
The d block elements display several exceptional behaviours, and one of them is the irregular trend in ionization enthalpy of 3d elements.
The reason given by my textbook is very confusing, which I'...
3
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1answer
226 views
Can we classify all the d-block elements as transition metals?
I thought that properties of d-block elements are transitional between those of s-block and p-block elements, and that is the reason for calling them transition metal.
My textbook says that not all d ...
0
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1answer
85 views
Is it absolutely necessary to use centrifuge to separate ethylene glycol from precipitate?
I've been trying to synthesize intermetallics of $\ce{XY}$ type using transition metal salts and main group element salts. For my system, EG, DEG, and TEG are good solvents. However, because of them ...
0
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1answer
52 views
Thermal oxidation of gold(I) sulfide
As far as I know the chemistry of $\ce{Ag}$ and $\ce{Au}$ are almost the same; because $\ce{Ag}$ belongs to the 4d series and $\ce{Au}$ belongs to the 5d series, we know the size of 4d and 5d are ...
1
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0answers
311 views
Why do transition metals make colored compounds despite the remaining d orbitals being hybridized? [closed]
I know that transition metals make colored compounds when they forms a bond with a ligand, as the ligand increases the energy level of $\ce{d_{x^2-y^2}}$ and $\ce{d_{z^2}}$ orbital by repelling these ...
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2answers
264 views
Does titanium(II) oxide conduct electricity? [duplicate]
In my book, it is given that $\ce{TiO(s)}$ is an electrical conductor. But I'd think that since $\ce{TiO(s)}$ is ionic and in solid state, it shouldn't conduct electricity. So, why does it conduct ...
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1answer
266 views
Why does cobalt have no negative charge?
I would like to know why cobalt cannot have a negative charge (or at least why a negative charge for cobalt isn't typical). I am not sure where I have gone wrong in my reasoning.
The electronic ...
0
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1answer
73 views
Is it possible to dissolve gold in zinc?
I know you can dissolve gold in mercury, but i do not have access to any. Would it be possible to dissolve it in molten zinc instead mercury.
1
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0answers
81 views
How to rationalize the colour change of the thermochromic bis(diethyl-ammonium) tetrachloridocuprate(II) complex
The colour of the compound changes from deep green/green-blue to yellow upon raising the temperature. I'm trying to rationalise this by using the d-orbital splitting, but I've got myself in a logic ...
0
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1answer
311 views
Hydrolysis of transition metals' halides?
So, it's a relatively common known solubility rule that any hydroxide with a cation not in the first two groups is basically insoluble. So supposing we have a transition or post-transition metal $M$ ...
1
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0answers
214 views
How does the hexaaquacopper (II) form? [duplicate]
So the hexaaquacopper (II) ion has an octahedral structure with 6 aqua ligands datively bonded to the central Cu2+ cation:
My question is: how is this possible if the electronic configuration of the ...
1
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0answers
107 views
Reversed trends in stability of transition metal ions with respect to oxidation state
Why is titanium more stable with a lower oxidation state, but vanadium more stable with a larger oxidation state?
More specifically, why is $\ce{Ti^{+}}$ more stable than $\ce{Ti^{3+}}$, but $\ce{V^{...
1
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0answers
251 views
Why Mn atom show maximum valency of 4 with F atom?
Mn ($3d^5$, $4s^2$) can have maximum 7 unpaired electrons in excited state so it should have formed MnF7 molecule but it can form only MnF4 molecule.
Is it because:
$d_{xy}, d_{yz}, d_{zx}$ orbitals ...
1
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2answers
112 views
Why does it yield iron(II) chloride instead of iron when copper meets iron(III) chloride? [closed]
Complete the equation:
$$\ce{Cu + FeCl3 -> ? + ?}$$
I wrote $\ce{CuCl2}$ and $\ce{Fe}$, but it turned out to be $\ce{Cu}$ and $\ce{FeCl2}$. I really wonder why.
0
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0answers
393 views
Why does Zinc not have magnetic properties despite it being a transition element?
I know Zinc has a full d-orbital which might contribute to the effect. But it is not ferromagnetic or paramagnetic like other transition element complexes. Why is that?
2
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0answers
27 views
Trend in the infrared stretching of molecular hydrogen to group 8 transitions metals?
While going through old notes, in relation to the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model, it states that the stretching frequency for $\ce{N2}$ to the group 8 transition metals ($\nu(\ce{NN})$) proceeds as:
\...
