You are talking about the product of the aldol condensation of benzaldehyde and acetone, which is (1E,4E)-1,5-diphenylpent-1,4-dien-3-one. Compared to other more complex organic compounds, this is pretty simple one for $\mathrm{NMR}$ analysis (see Nicolau Saker Neto's comment above). As a consequence, ChemDraw has done pretty good job on suggesting the carnon resonances. For instance, below is the actual $\ce{^{13}C}$-$\mathrm{NMR}$ spectrum of the sought compound (Ref.1):
Since you indicated that you have studied 1,4-Michael addition, I'd like to ask that did you ever wonder why is the nucleophile always attacks $\beta$-carbon during Michael addition reactions? That is because it is the most electron lacking carbon on the system due to the conjugation with more elecrton demanding carbonyl group. That means it is more deshielded than neighboring $\alpha$-carbon (meaning it is having less electron density compared to that of the $\alpha$-carbon). Thus, the carbon chemical shift of $\beta$-carbon $(\approx\pu{144 ppm})$ is higher than that of the $\alpha$-carbon $(\approx\pu{126 ppm})$.
The principles of $\mathrm{NMR}$ spectroscopy is not directly dependent on electron density of individual atoms. Although it is a major contributing factor, but there are other factors such as anisotropy and steric factors. For example, in a aromatic system, proton at outside the ring current shows higher chemical shifts (more down field) compared to those in the inside ring current (more down field). You will learn those facts when you are about to learn advanced spectroscopy. I'd say for your level of education, you have made a good suggestion to explain the difference in chemical shifts on $\alpha$- and $\beta$-carbons.
Late edit:
Since Azamat has pointed out a valid argument, I like to extend my discussion here:
The $\ce{^{13}C}$-$\mathrm{NMR}$ spectra of above image are the stimulated one by ChemDraw (top spectrum) and actual one from reference 2 (bottom one) of the compound, (3E,5E)-hepta-3,5-dien-2-one. The reason to choose this compound is it lacks the phenyl nucleus and also have an extended double bond. You may see that ChemDraw has given an excellent assignment, mainly due to the simplicity of the compound. As shown in the structure, $\beta$- and $\delta$-carbons ($\ce{C}$4 and $\ce{C}$6) are more deshielded compared to that of $\alpha$- and $\gamma$-carbons ($\ce{C}$3 and $\ce{C}$5). That is what exactly would have suggested by the conjugation that would show partial positive charges on $\beta$- and $\delta$-carbons as well as on the carbonyl carbon (less electron densities than that on $\alpha$- and $\gamma$-carbons). Here, it is a methyl group next to $\delta$-carbon compared to phenyl group next to $\beta$-carbon in the original compound. Yet, additional shielding or deshielding effect is minimal. Therefore, it is safe to conclude that the major factor here is high electron demand by the carbonyl carbon compared to phenyl group.
Note also that, in original compound, mesomeric effect would overcome inductive effect due to extended resonance. It is also worth noting that carbonyl carbon is more shielded ($\pu{189 ppm}$ vs $\pu{199 ppm}$) in original compound due to cross resonance by both directions.
References:
- Mari Vellakkaran, Murugaiah M. S. Andappan, and Kommu Nagaiah, “Oxygen as Single Oxidant for Two Steps: Base-Free One-Pot Pd(II)-Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation & Arylation to HalogenIntact β-Aryl α,β-Enones,” RSC Adv. 2014, 4(85), 45490-45494 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA07478E) (PDF of authors’ version).
- Zhenbo Gao, and Stephen P. Fletcher, “Construction of β to carbonyl stereogenic centres by asymmetric 1,4-addition of alkylzirconocenes to dienones and ynenones,” Chem. Commun. 2018, 54(29), 3601-3604 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC01201F)
