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The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a species in the gaseous phase to form a negative ion. Not to be confused with [ionization-energy].

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Which element has a greater second electron affinity, sulfur or oxygen?

The most important fact here is that the electron added to $\ce{S-}$ goes into an $n=3$ orbital ($3p$), whereas the one added to $\ce{O-}$ goes into an $n=2$ orbital ($2p$). The larger $n=3$ orbital …
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