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Other websites say that $\ce{C60}$ doesn't have surface bonds that are attracted by other atoms as in graphite and diamond.

I understand that graphite may be attracted by other atoms because of its dangling electron. But why diamond? Each carbon in diamond is covalently bonded to $4$ other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral fashion.

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  • $\begingroup$ Just to confuse you: I've read (albeit it has been a long while) that diamonds are somewhat resistant to impurities because it's difficult to get in its crystal lattice. Also if diamonds were pure, they would've been transparent. Diamonds are not transparent. I like bluish diamonds. Yellowish diamonds are also common. $\endgroup$ Commented May 26, 2017 at 6:54
  • $\begingroup$ @BerryHolmes I almost got confused. But maybe $\ce{C60}$ is relatively more pure than diamond but I don't know why. Maybe because you told that diamond contains impurities, and $\ce{C60}$ is artificial. But yeah, thanks for the info. $\endgroup$ Commented May 26, 2017 at 7:54
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    $\begingroup$ What happens at the edge of a diamond lattice... $\endgroup$
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    Commented May 26, 2017 at 8:06
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    $\begingroup$ @ReeshabhRanjan Buckminsterfullerene is not artificial - it is found in soot and has been detected in deep space. $\endgroup$ Commented May 26, 2017 at 9:34
  • $\begingroup$ @AndrewMorton I didn't know about deep space, but l it isn't like any soot. The soot is made by, as Wikipedia writes, in an 'arc-process between two graphite electrodes in a helium atmosphere where the electrode material evaporates and condenses forming soot in the quenching atmosphere.' $\endgroup$ Commented May 26, 2017 at 9:51

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Diamond has dangling bonds on the outer surface of the crystal for pretty much the same reason as graphite. If you understood graphite differently, then you understood it wrong.

See, a molecule of oxygen contains 2 atoms, a molecule of sulfur has 8; but how many atoms are there in a "molecule" of diamond or graphite? Try drawing one to the end, so as to count them. You won't be able to do that. There is no end. The thing is infinite. But the real-world objects are finite, which means that at some point you have to say "Enough" and crop your ideal structure, and in doing so, you leave dangling bonds which attract other atoms. Fullerene lacks those, and hence is "more pure".

There is an altogether different dimension to the problem. Our thought experiment implied that we are able to produce a huge crystal without defects except maybe some on the surface. This is not true. Real-world compounds always contain impurities, and once you have a wrong atom built into the crystal lattice of graphite or diamond, it is stuck there forever. You'll never remove it, short of destroying the entire crystal. Fullerenes, on the other hand, are molecular compounds. They can be dissolved. They can be put through chromatography, sublimation, and other purification techniques. We can always remove any impurity (not that we can remove all of them, because nothing is ideal).

Either way, fullerenes win.

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    $\begingroup$ Thank you. Now I understand it well. The structure of $\ce{C60}$ clearly defines it's boundaries. $\endgroup$ Commented May 26, 2017 at 8:33

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