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Applications of chemistry to reagents, reactions and processes of everyday life. Use this tag for question on chemistry in an out-of-laboratory/class context. DO NOT use this tag merely because the question is about simple chemistry.
2
votes
Why cotton and wool clothes shrink after washing them?
Wool, in particular, has very "scaly" fibers that mat together forming a dense felt. Natural oils prevent this (no shrunken sheep), but cleaned wool, agitated or shaken, shrinks due to the fibers grip …
4
votes
Chemistry of toilet bowl mineral stains on porcelain
Many places have water with dissolved iron and manganese, which precipitates out as a brown or black stain when exposed to air.
Massachusetts has areas of podzol, where the fine sandy glacial till h …
2
votes
Effervescent in mineral spirits?
A fish-tank bubbler with needle valve or regulator would not only provide bubbles but be controllable and would not need to be replenished, as would chemicals.
N.B. However you make bubbles in minera …
5
votes
Simple every-day-item hydrometer for distinguishing regular soda and diet sodas
Better than a hydrometer, use an Abbe refractometer to measure the index of refraction, which varies with sugar concentration. It requires just a drop of liquid, and that small sample is unlikely to h …
1
vote
Chemistry Precise
Depends on how accurately performed is each measurement. One would have to take into account precision of ruler and asymmetry of cube, for example, in the first case, and adhesion of water to cube and …
7
votes
Why does rock salt change colour when it's heated
"Rock salt" contains many impurities, in addition to its main ingredient, sodium chloride. Some trace chemicals in rock salt, such as lithium chloride or sodium carbonate, hold onto water, which might …
3
votes
Is there any bad side effects for using calcium chloride to replace a running dehumidifier?
As for safety, calcium chloride, $\ce{CaCl2}$, is in sea water and added to foods, such as beans and pickles. It's about as dangerous as table salt, sodium chloride, $\ce{NaCl}$ (actually, $\ce{CaCl2} …
5
votes
Accepted
Why does ammonia "clean" scratches?
This seems more like folklore than a tested method. However, gold is extremely soft (malleable), and it must be alloyed with other metals to make it hard enough to survive wear as jewelry. Simply rubb …
5
votes
Accepted
what's the difference between sand and quartz?
Sand is a poorly-defined mixture, not a necessarily a pure substance. Some sands are fairly pure $\ce{SiO2}$, the same chemical formula as pure quartz, but in some areas of the world, sand can be mad …
6
votes
Accepted
The chemical reaction between lemon juice and polystyrene foam cups
It is not any acid in the juice, but limonene, the natural, fragrant, oil found in citrus fruit, and similar terpenes that are good organic solvents.
In fact, these oils are sold for the purpose of c …
2
votes
Additives to allow wax to melt in the microwave?
Microwave heating works best on polar molecules, such as water and alcohols, as it then causes the molecules to rotate or "jiggle" violently. Waxes are nonpolar, so heat poorly, but if your applicatio …
3
votes
Is breaking something an irreversible change?
Some physical changes are reversible, if the requirement is simply that materials are substantially similar at beginning and end. Here are two examples.
Crush a salt crystal, dissolve it in water, an …
2
votes
What chemical makes the ‘smoky’ flavour in smoked paprika?
The National Institute of Health has provided a good list of chemicals found in "smoke" flavoring. Here are just a few:
Phenolic compounds
Phenol
2-methylphenol
4-methylphenol
2-methoxyphenol
…
1
vote
What liquid mixture has largest negative excess volume?
The presentation of the demonstration can make clear the volume change, though only a few percent reduction.
For example, pour 50 ml of water, with a bit of food coloring added, into a 100 ml cylinder …
2
votes
Oxygen bleach discolored white tablecloth
Bleaches are often alkaline. The coloring material of wine, a pH-sensitive anthocyanin, like those in red cabbage, blueberries and hydrangeas, is an indicator of pH (acidity or alkalinity), and in thi …