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The reaction of benzene over $\ce{V2O5/ PtAu}$ catalyst at lower temperatures, can convert benzene to phenol with some success.
See this book here Direct hydroxylation of benzene
[The original question before editing was: What is the Ratta Maar Reaction?] Someone has played a prank with you with the named reaction. "Ratta maar" is a slang for "rote ...
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The terminology given to that reaction by your instructors is very odd. But the more important thing is that $\ce{V_2O_5}$ isn't a reagent in converting benzene directly to phenol, rather it is a catalyst. The first few pages of the book linked by @M.Farooq writes
[...] Various sources have reported the use of nitrous oxide to supply the active oxygen [...
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Two factors come into play: (1) the inherent difference in resonance energy is not as great as you might think, and (2) the greater tendency for a dissociable proton to bind more tightly to an oxime function rather than a phenol function appears to counterbalance the reduced $\pi$-electron bonding difference.
Less than meets the eye
Suppose you were to use ...
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The above is the mechanism for Fries Rearrangement for a brominated ester( doesn't matter really, for any ester the mechanism essentially remains to be the same).As per what I infer from your question, I think you mean to ask why even in the presence of $\ce{O^+-AlCl3}$ which is a strongly deactivating group, the major product is not meta-substituted.
As you ...
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Benzoquinone($\ce{C6H4O2}$) is a quinone with a single benzene ring. There are two types of benzoquinone:
1,4-Benzoquinone also called p-benzoquinone. More common type of
benzoquinone. It is the main product of oxidation of phenol.
1,2-Benzoquinone also called o-benzoquinone. Less common type of benzoquinone.
Phenoquinone is a crystalline complex made of ...
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p-Nitrophenol does have a higher $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ than carbonic acid (7.15 vs 6.3), the two logarithms differ by less than one unit, if we render the acidic species in carbonic acid as $\ce{CO2}$ rather than $\ce{H2CO3}$. So the equilibrium constant in the reaction
$$\ce{p-C6H4(NO2)OH + HCO3- <=> p-C6H4(NO2)O- + CO2 + H2O}$$
is close to $1$ ...
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Thank you for the question. This is a very basic physical chemistry question but the way it has been asked is interesting.
In order to understand the probability of displacement of a H from any X-H bond (X is any atom), you need to know its pKa. The pKa values are as follows (ref.):
pKa of water = 14
pKa of OH (phenol) = 9.95
pKa of CH (benzene) = 43
If ...
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The Reimer–Tiemann reaction will give a mixture of products unless the formation of one product is highly disfavoured. The Kürti-Csakó notes in its introductory paragraph on the Reimer–Tiemann:[1]
the regioselectivity is not high, but ortho-formyl products tend to predominate;
The statement already hints at a product mixture being obtained. To further show ...
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Benzenediazonium salt is so versatile that it can be used to make many compounds. That's why, diazotization reaction is so popular and useful. The reaction conditions is not that harsh and is easily achievable. Coming to the reaction, diazotization is a straight one-way procedure to achieve aniline to phenol conversion. If you talk about other ways of ...
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Here is an experiment that all my students have carried out in the lab.
Make a solution with about $3$ mL $40$% solution of methanal and an equal volume of phenol. Transfer the solution into a small paper cup. Add a equal volume of concentrated $\ce{HCl}$, when stirring with a glas rod. This produces a strong exothermic reaction, and the result is the ...
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Nonylphenols are a family of closely related organic compounds composed of phenol bearing a 9 carbon-tail (Wikipedia). Following is an example of nonylphenols:
However, "Nonylphenol $n$ mole" is a commercial name for non-ionic surfactants where $n$ stand for the amount of ethelene oxides (EO) in moles in one surfactant molecule. For example, if ...
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In Reimer-Tiemann Reaction, a mixture of ortho and para isomers is obtained in which the ortho isomer predominates (it is not the sole product).
If one of the ortho positions is occupied, the para-isomer is the major product.
The two isomers can be separated by fractional distillation, in which the unreacted phenol and the ortho-isomer distil over leaving ...
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The question: Why isn't 4-hydroxybenzoic acid formed along with salicylic acid in Kolbe's reaction?
There was a good answer provided to OP's question elsewhere using the cation sizes. However, it didn't provide the clear answer to the main question about why isn't 4-hydroxybenzoic acid formed when $\ce{NaOH}$ is used as a base. And there is also another ...
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