New answers tagged organic-chemistry
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Alloys with organic compounds
Metal-organic frameworks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%E2%80%93organic_framework are an active field. They are metal ions in a ligand matrix and have been known in nature, chlorophyl, Hemoglobin,...
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How can a methyl cation exist without 8 valence electrons?
Some stable molecules exist without $8$ electrons in the outer shell, like $\ce{NO}$ (or $\ce{ClO2}$). Of course they dimerize at rather low temperatures. But at room temperature and usual pressures, ...
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Adding colours to polymers
Polymer dying/colouring is several thousand years old.
It is done in several ways:
Forming covalent or hydrogen bonds
with polymer molecules, mostly natural hydrophilic polymers like plant ...
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Does ammonia gas neutralise Hcl salt of amines in dry non polar medium
It heavily depends on the type of amine or organic compound you are using.
If you have chloride of primary, secondary or tertiary amine then it is going to be difficult because they are more basic ...
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Explain the mechanism of the following reaction, which involves a 1,2-alkyl migration with double inversion of configuration
The OP's original structure is missing a quaternary methyl group (since amended) because the structure 1 is derived from α-santonin[1] with hydroxylamine. Nitrosation of 1 affords 2 that undergoes ...
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Why does Williamson's Ether Synthesis ONLY follow Sn2 Mechanism
Option A could not be SN1 as that would lead through the formation of a primary carbocation which is too unstable.
However, there might be a mistake in the answers as A isn’t really feasible given ...
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What shifts protons on a benzene ring to lower ppm?
It’s due to resonance as the methoxy group is an ortho-para electron-donating group by resonance.
Hence the ortho and para positions are more electron rich, so their protons are more acidic and ...
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Is size or electronegativity more important in acidity?
The size is more significant and the thiocarboxylic acid would be more acidic.
Whilst electro negativity facilitates the stabilisation of a negative charge, the larger size of the sulfur both:
Makes ...
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What resin is appropriate for construction of a gasoline/ethanol fuel tank
Because of liability due to gasoline (petrol) storage hazards, e.g., fire, soil and groundwater contamination, etc., I'd suggest you use an approved storage container.
Each locale has its own gasoline ...
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Retinal 11-cis-retinal to all-trans induced by photons
There are more steps than the net reaction scheme posted by the OP. The trans-isomerization goes along with hydrolysis of a Schiff base, releasing the molecule from opsin. Several enzymes then recycle ...
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How to make a benzyl position more electrophilic?
Take your starting hydroxy ester (preferably methyl ester) and form a sulfonate by reaction with tosyl/mesyl chloride.
React this material with the anion of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol (NaH/DMF) to form the ...
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Can 'Beta-hexachlorocyclohexane' (C6H6Cl6) be Optically named?
This hexachlorocyclohexane (red box) is one of nine possible stereoisomers in analogy with the inositols. The isomer in question is of the scyllo-configuration and all carbons are of the same ...
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Why are "vinylic" and "allylic" carbons named so?
Knowing the origin of the terms won't help you to identify what carbon is "allyic" or "vinylic". A vinyl group is a functional group with the formula $\ce{−CH=CH2}$ and allyl group ...
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Why are "vinylic" and "allylic" carbons named so?
Actually, word roots in organic chemistry aren't of much help because the origins have little connection with the actual molecular structure. There are entire books dedicated to these topics of you ...
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Why does a hydroxyl group decrease the acidity of an Aromatic ring?
Assuming you’re referring to the acidity of the protons on the aromatic ring:
The OH is an electron donating group by resonance. By deprotanating your forming an anion on the ring. As the ring is ...
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What is the rate of hydration in the following compounds
The fact that II can form two secondary carbocations would be the most significant factor as it provides a second mechanistic pathway which would drastically speed up the reaction.
Also notable is ...
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Resonance of 1-Azidocyclohexene
There is a possible third resonance structure:
Move the rightmost nitrogen’s lone pair in to make a triple bond and then push the leftmost double bond electrons onto the leftmost nitrogen.
By doing so ...
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Substitution or elimination when a chloroalkene reacts with NaOH in ethanol?
This is an example of the subtle difference between different bases that are strong in water but may not be equally strong in other, less polar solvents. Alcoholic potassium hydroxide certainly does ...
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Cyclopentadiene planar
Analysis just based on ideal local geometry
[OP in comments] But here won't the carbon be strained as it is sp3 and and the bond angle is too large
In a regular pentagon, the angle at each corner is ...
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Cyclopentadiene planar
There are two confusions here
The first source of confusion is the caused by the fact that the most common occurance of the five membered cyclopentadienyl ring isn't cyclopentadiene but the ...
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Why does alpha-carbon substituents increase the rate of E2 reactions?
You are on to something. Check out the product ratios here: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)/Alkyl_Halides/Properties_of_Alkyl_Halides/...
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Does a slippery liquid leak through pipe fittings?
Potassium hydroxide ($\ce{KOH}$) makes skin feel slippery because it saponifies oils in your skin, changing them to soap. It is called caustic potash because of the damage it does to tissue.
However, ...
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Standard electrode potentials
Organic compounds equally have their standard electrode potentials, and their determination in solutions (e.g., by cyclic voltammetry, see for example the primer by Elgrishi et al.) is one method to ...
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Lithium aluminium hydride
Contrasting to reductions with elemental sodium (or other metals), the reduction by $\ce{LiAlH4}$ is not an electrochemical one by mere electron transfer only. Instead, the complex anion ($\ce{[AlH4]^...
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Alcohols and bromine
Who says bromine does not oxidise alcohols? Bromine is known to directly oxidise primary alcohols. According to this JACS paper ethanol is oxidised to a mixture of acetaldehyde, acetic acid and ethyl ...
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Clear polystyrene bottle holder repaired with butyl acetate glue. Is it safe to use in the fridge?
Butyl acetate is found in small quantity in fruits such as apples, and is considered safe, in most regions, for use in nail polish.
However, this site specifically excludes medical recommendations. (...
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Can Acyl halides react with PCl5, if not, why?
One possibility is that the reaction mechanism springs a leak when you have a halogen attached to the carbonyl group.
When the chloride ion from the $\ce{O–\overset{-}{P}Cl5}$ function attacks the ...
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Does lime juice "alkanize" in the body?
There could be two sources of this misinformation.
Confusion of the words lime (a citrus family fruit) and lime-water (a highly alkaline corrosive solution of calcium hydroxide).
The name lime for ...
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Reaction of eugenol with concentrated hydrobromic acid in the presence of gaseous hydrogen bromide
Consulting the oracle of wisdom that is Greene's "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis" produces this reference that describes the cleavage of dialkyl and aryl alkyl ethers with 47% aq HBr ...
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Why having a carbonyl group is not contributing to binding energy
"From my understanding, having a carbonyl group should increase the
likelihood of interacting with amino acids, and thus contributing to
binding."
No. This is a fairly foundational ...
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Would having a greater H-bond donor count make a substance more readily enter a twig?
All else being constant, more H bond donors/acceptors will correlate with lower hydrophobicity. Greater hydrophobicity is expected to lower aqueous solubility. This is a well known principle within ...
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Is there a free, super simple app or website for IUPAC names from structures?
Very intuitive app, easy and free app for PC is ChemSketch, you can download it, I use Windows version and it is fantastic there are short videos (on YouTube) on how to use it. I will explain few ...
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Nomenclature of an organic compound with multiple substituents
Follow the freely available flow chart and examples of the Brief Guide or its 4 page summary of IUPAC's Blue Book compiled in the resources page (section chemical nomenclature):
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How does polarity increase when electron density in oxygen decreases when comparing acidity
Generally, higher electronegativity of $\ce{X}$ in $\ce{H-O-X}$ leads to higher acidity of the hydrogen atom.
If the oxygen atom in a phenol molecule can take less electron density from the bond with $...
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What will be the product if ethane reacts with SO2?
Alkanes can react with $\ce{SO_2}$ if the reaction is photoinitiated via via a hydrogen abstraction to form $\ce{HOSO^.}$ and organic radical $\ce{(R^.)}$ species and that reactivity is correlated ...
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Why is it okay for the central carbon to lose a bond when forming a resonance structure for acetone?
You can push the electrons around in many different ways when creating a resonance structure, but some of the resulting structures will be "good" and others will be "bad." The &...
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Why is there difference in reactions in alcoholic and aqueous medium while both are polar protic solvents?
I will come to an answer to this question by inductive reasoning.
If we compare acidity of $\ce{H2O}$ and $\ce{ROH}$:
$\ce{H2O ->[-H+] OH-}$ and $\ce{ROH ->[-H+] OR-}$
$\ce{OH- > RO-}$ [...
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Formation of cocrystals troubleshootin
Not obtaining crystals is the typical result. Even if you have published results describing how someone else made crystals, not obtaining crystals the first time you try is the typical result. There ...
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Conformational analysis
Barton writes in his 1969 Nobel lecture:
Every chemical reaction has a transition state. Many transition states have a
well-defined preferred geometrical requirement.
So the conformation (or the ...
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Make ethanol with sourdough
Essentially yes, according to this sourdough site
When yeast breaks down glucose, it transforms it into carbon dioxide and ethanol, both by-products are formed in equal parts. So, for every glucose ...
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Are Starch, Amylose and, Amylopectin reducing sugars?
[OP] As per the information I've learnt, Amylose is considered a reducing sugar but Amylopectin is not because Amylose has a free "reducing end" which Amylopectin lacks
It would be nice to ...
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