New answers tagged halides
3
Cleavage of epoxides can happen in 2 ways, resulting from the cleavage with the 2 carbons to which the oxygen atom is bonded.
If the medium is acidic, it will follow the SN1 pathway, proceeding via the most stable carbocation. This makes sense, since in acidic medium, the alcohol can get protonated and break away from one of the carbon atoms.
If the medium ...
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Lucas reagent follows Sn1 pathway. The Zn is a lewis acid that tends to bond with the -OH and form the partial positive charge leading to carbocation. Since, according to Hammond Postulate, the stablity of the transition state should allow precede successive formation of product or intermediate. The stablity of the positive charge induced on the carbon if ...
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Although atomic bond in a compound such as $\ce{M+X-}$ (e.g., $\ce{Na+Cl-}$) is considered to be 100% ionic, in reality, it also has some covalent character. An explanation for the partial covalent character of an ionic bond has been given by Kazimierz Fajans in 1923 (Ref.1). According to Fajans, if two oppositely charged ions (say $\ce{M+}$ and $\ce{X-}$) ...
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Your on the right track: in order to form a new compound, old bonds must be broken. This requires energy, even though the reaction may, overall , be exothermic. This is called the activation energy.
Think of it as pushing a car a short distance up one side of a hill before it reaches the peak and then rolls a long distance down the other side.
For example, ...
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