# Questions tagged [free-energy]

Also known as Gibbs energy, it is the enthalpy minus the product of thermodynamic temperature and entropy.

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### Can single molecules of C and O2 react in isolation, and if so how will momentum be conserved?

I am trying to figure out how is it possible to reconcile the reality of exothermic reactions, which means that kinetic energy is transferred to (heats) the surrounding matter, with the principle of ...
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### How does work from other sources affect Gibbs free energy of the system?

In most physical chemistry textbooks, Gibbs free energy is given like this: $$\Delta_\mathrm rG = \Delta_\mathrm rG^\circ + RT\ln Q\tag{1}$$ and Gibbs free energy is part of this three-way ...
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### What is the difference between free energy and standard free energy

As I understood $\Delta G^0$ is just $\Delta G$ but at standard conditions i.e. $\pu{1 bar}$ and $\pu{298 K}$. But formulas like: $\Delta G^0 = \Delta H^0 - T \Delta S^0$ $\Delta G^0 = - RT \ln K$ ...
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### Quantum calculation of free energy change in neat conditions

I am slightly baffled by a seemingly simple situation: I want to calculate the free energy of association between a molecule $\ce{A}$ and the solvent $\ce{B}$ using quantum methods (e.g. DFT). From ...
32 views

### How to derive thermodynamic activity?

From wikipedia thermodynamic activity is given as $$a = \exp(\frac{\mu - \mu_{0}} {RT})$$ which becomes, $$RT\ln(a) = \mu - \mu_{0}\tag{1}$$ And i have to do a calculation where activity is given as ...
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### Sign of change in enthalpy and change in entropy

Why is it wrong to assert that the change in entropy and the change in enthalpy must always have the same sign? What makes me think that they must have the same sign is the fact that every reaction ...
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### Relationship between reaction quotient and potential energy [closed]

I am trying to calculate the Gibbs free energy in an NVT simulation. Although $$\Delta G = -RT\ln Q,$$ in my simulation I can't calculate $$Q = \frac{[\text{Products}]}{[\text{Reactants}]}$$ because I ...
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### Expression for Gibb's free energy change for a cell reaction

According to Chemistry Libretexts, the Gibbs free energy change of a cell reaction is related to the cell voltage as $$\Delta G = -nFE,$$ where $n$ is the number of moles of electrons passed and $F$ ...
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### Calculation of free energy from potential and kinetic energy

I am having trouble understanding how (and even whether it's possible) to get free energy from kinetic and potential energy. I have run molecular dynamics simulations (NPT ensemble, CP2K software), ...
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### Ground state elevation for phase transition

I have a question about the illustration from chem.libretexts.org: the ground states of the liquid and gas are offset from that of the previous state by the heats of fusion and vaporization, ...
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### Is temperature double-counted in the Gibbs free energy equation?

Complete amateur here. When looking at one form of the equation deriving the change in Gibbs free energy for a given chemical reaction, the terms change in enthalpy, and the negative product of ...
70 views

### Change in heat of photosynthesis

Consider a plant that uses the energy it receives from the sun to do work (to undergo photosynthesis) to produce glucose. The minimum amount of work this plant can do to produce 1 mole of glucose is ...
204 views

### Gibbs Free Energy Notation

What's the difference between $G$, $\Delta G$, $\Delta G^\circ$, and $\Delta_\mathrm r G^\circ$? I've seen the first two used interchangably, and seen $G$ specifically referred to as change in Gibbs ...
43 views

### Derivation of relationship betwee standard Gibbs energy of reaction and equilibrium constant? [closed]

How does one derive $\Delta_\mathrm r G^\circ = -RT\ln(K)$? I don't see the connection mathematically or conceptually; how does Gibbs at all relate to the equilibrium constant of a reaction? This was ...
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### Heat and work of glucose combustion

$$\ce{C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) -> 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g)}$$ When looking at glucose combustion I found that the change in Gibbs free energy is greater than the change in enthalpy. If we assume the process ...
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### Gibbs Free Energy and Maximum Work

I am a high school student and my professor mentioned that the Gibbs free energy is the maximum amount of work (or useful work) that a system can do, whereas entropy is a measure of the non-available ...
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### Why is my conclusion inconsistent with the van't Hoff equation?

Let's say I hypothesize that a graph of $\ln K$ vs. $1/T$ has a slope of $-∆G^\circ/R$ and a $y$-intercept of $0$. I prove it simply: $$∆G^\circ = -RT\ln K \quad\to\quad \ln K = -\frac{∆G^\circ}{RT}$$...
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### Change in Gibbs free energy vs. change in enthalpy

When learning about other thermodynamic quantities, like $\Delta H$, I was taught that this represents the energy absorbed or released by a system after the reaction has gone 100% to completion. For ...