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An orbital is a one-electron wavefunction, usually derived by solving the Schrodinger equation. This tag applies to questions about all forms of orbitals; additionally, questions about the construction and properties of molecular orbitals should be tagged with [molecular-orbital-theory].

1 vote

Why does the two OH bonds in H2O have different bond disassociation enthalpies? How does the...

Two $\ce{OH}$ bonds in any molecule have different dissociation enthalpies, as only the first one is related to the original molecule. The second one is related to the original molecule with the cleav …
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How does the concept of the electron shell (also called energy level) and the orbital coexist?

Orbitals can be understood in three different but related meanings as: orbital(1) as a particular solution of the above equation, introducing particular integer parameters $n$,$l$,$m_\text{l}$ as "quantum … Orbitals(3) as 3D regions in large extent overlap. Purely mathematically, considering probability density converging to zero in infinity, they fully overlap. …
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2 votes
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Ionization Energy equal to single electron energy

The ionization energy is the energy deficit the bound electron has with respect to the energy of a free electron in rest. So, if the ionization energy of a $\ce{H}$ atom is $\pu{13.6 eV}$ and if we ta …
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0 votes

Electron orbitals

There is intense overlapping of orbitals. … Similarly for orbitals. …
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3 votes
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Stability of an atom in absence of EM field

It was replaced by the quantum model based on the Schroedinger's wave equation, that came with the concept of orbitals. …
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1 vote

In which orbital is the positive charge of central nitrogen present in diazomethane?

Orbitals have zero charge at the best if empty. …
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6 votes
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Why would a metal form an ionic compound with a nonmetal from a lower period?

Generally, forming 2 isolated ions from 2 isolated atoms is not thermodynamically favoured, as ionization energies are higher than electron affinities. But, ion formation is thermodynamically favoured …
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1 vote

What Are Angular Nodes , Radial Nodes, Nodal Plane and Nodal Surfaces?

From the geometry of used spherical coordinates, it is quite clear that radial nodes are 3D spherical surfaces with constant radius, like for s orbitals. … Analogically, a constant angle of angular nodes leads to a 3D plane intersecting the coordinate origin, like for p orbitals. …
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1 vote

When people say "The energy of an orbital depends on its ℓ value due to screening effect" , ...

) Electrons in s orbitals have significant occurance probability near nucleus and in inner regions. … Therefore, they are less shielded than electrons in other orbitals with the same $n$ and have the lowest energy of them. …
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Effect of d-orbital electron shielding on atomic radius

Both sections do not contradict themselves, as they address different shielding aspects. 3d electrons give worse shielding of 4s/4p electrons than 1-3s and 2-3p electrons. 3d electrons give better sh …
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When is the n+l rule followed when working with energy of different orbitals?

3s, 3p and 3d orbitals all have the same energy in hydrogen atoms ( or monoelectron atomic ions ) according to the nonrelativistic Schroedinger model. … relativistic models of hydrogen atoms shows there is slight difference in their energies, related to the fine structure of spectra and Lamb shift ( Wikipedia Hyperphysics ) For multielectron atoms, s, p, d orbitals
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1 vote

Why is the radial distribution at the nucleus 0 but not the radial wave function?

For the wave function of $\mathrm{s}$ orbital $\psi(r)$, the radial probability is: $P(r)=4\pi r^2 \cdot|\psi(r)|^2$. So even if the differential probability density $|\psi(r)|^2$ is nonzero for $r=0 …
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5 votes

Distance of subshells from nucleus

All orbitals largely overlaps and statistical distribution of electron density, (aside of being in the particular orbital) depends on the nucleus charge and overall electron configuration. … OTOH, higher s orbitals have very significant density near nucleus as the local maximum, what leads to relativistic effects due high speed., especially for the near right end of the period 6. …
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Does the octet rule only apply to the second and third shell or does it apply further?

Similarly, $\mathrm{nf}$ orbitals from originally nth shell belong now rather to the (n+2)th shell. … It is not applicable for transition metals involving partially occupied $\mathrm{d}$ or $\mathrm{f}$ orbitals. …
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Number of orbitals Lithium

Every atom has theoretically infinite number of orbitals ( 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f etc), all but some unoccupied. … Similarly, $\ce{LiH}$ has unlimited number of atomic or molecular orbitals ( depending on the quantum model ), as they are features of quantum models, not real objects. …
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