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An orbital is a one-electron wavefunction, usually derived by solving the Schrodinger equation. This tag applies to questions about all forms of orbitals; additionally, questions about the construction and properties of molecular orbitals should be tagged with [molecular-orbital-theory].

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Does the octet rule only apply to the second and third shell or does it apply further?

Similarly, $\mathrm{nf}$ orbitals from originally nth shell belong now rather to the (n+2)th shell. … It is not applicable for transition metals involving partially occupied $\mathrm{d}$ or $\mathrm{f}$ orbitals. …
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Waht is the reason the electrons cannot occupy p-orbitals of the K shell?

For the same reason, there are no orbitals 2d nor 3f. …
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Number of orbitals Lithium

Every atom has theoretically infinite number of orbitals ( 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f etc), all but some unoccupied. … Similarly, $\ce{LiH}$ has unlimited number of atomic or molecular orbitals ( depending on the quantum model ), as they are features of quantum models, not real objects. …
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Why is the radial distribution at the nucleus 0 but not the radial wave function?

For the wave function of $\mathrm{s}$ orbital $\psi(r)$, the radial probability is: $P(r)=4\pi r^2 \cdot|\psi(r)|^2$. So even if the differential probability density $|\psi(r)|^2$ is nonzero for $r=0 …
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4 votes

What does the number of orbitals in a subshell represent?

If there is 1 orbital 2s and 3 orbitals 2p, it means, for $n=2$ and $l=0$, there is 1 value $m=0$. … But there can be up to 6 electrons in 3 2p orbitals, having $n=2$, $l=1$. …
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2 votes

Do all single-electron species have the same orbital energies?

For multielectron atoms/ions, energies of different orbitals with the same quantum number $n$ differ, due electron repulsion and kernel shielding. … That is the reason why the orbital 4s is occupied before orbitals 3d. The orbital energies are additionally dependent on the particular electron quantum state distribution. …
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Can carbon have electrons in a 5d orbital?

Empty orbitals are still orbitals, in meaning of the wave functions, allowed quantum states of electrons and respective electron occurence probabilities. …
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When people say "The energy of an orbital depends on its ℓ value due to screening effect" , ...

) Electrons in s orbitals have significant occurance probability near nucleus and in inner regions. … Therefore, they are less shielded than electrons in other orbitals with the same $n$ and have the lowest energy of them. …
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Ionization Energy equal to single electron energy

The ionization energy is the energy deficit the bound electron has with respect to the energy of a free electron in rest. So, if the ionization energy of a $\ce{H}$ atom is $\pu{13.6 eV}$ and if we ta …
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How does the concept of the electron shell (also called energy level) and the orbital coexist?

Orbitals can be understood in three different but related meanings as: orbital(1) as a particular solution of the above equation, introducing particular integer parameters $n$,$l$,$m_\text{l}$ as "quantum … Orbitals(3) as 3D regions in large extent overlap. Purely mathematically, considering probability density converging to zero in infinity, they fully overlap. …
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Why do 1s and 2s orbitals intersect?

I would even dare to say that, generally, orbitals largely overlap each other. … The probability of occurance near kernel for 2s electron has a local maximum, as ns orbitals have (n-1) radial nodes. So no, 1s and 2s orbitals do not have the same shape, neither 2s and 3s. …
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Distance of subshells from nucleus

All orbitals largely overlaps and statistical distribution of electron density, (aside of being in the particular orbital) depends on the nucleus charge and overall electron configuration. … OTOH, higher s orbitals have very significant density near nucleus as the local maximum, what leads to relativistic effects due high speed., especially for the near right end of the period 6. …
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When is the n+l rule followed when working with energy of different orbitals?

3s, 3p and 3d orbitals all have the same energy in hydrogen atoms ( or monoelectron atomic ions ) according to the nonrelativistic Schroedinger model. … relativistic models of hydrogen atoms shows there is slight difference in their energies, related to the fine structure of spectra and Lamb shift ( Wikipedia Hyperphysics ) For multielectron atoms, s, p, d orbitals
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In which orbital is the positive charge of central nitrogen present in diazomethane?

Orbitals have zero charge at the best if empty. …
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Stability of an atom in absence of EM field

It was replaced by the quantum model based on the Schroedinger's wave equation, that came with the concept of orbitals. …
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