Let's take the example of copper sulfate penta-hydrate: $\ce{CuSO4. 5H2O}$. The dot here is used essentially as an expression of ignorance to indicate that, though the parts of the molecule separated by the dot are bonded to one another in some fashion, the exact structural details of that interaction are not fully expressed in the resulting formula. Using Alfred Werner’s coordination theory that indicates that four of the five water molecules are actually bonded directly to the $\ce{Cu}$ in the form of a complex aquo ion $\ce{[Cu(H2O)4]^2+}$, then the formula is better expressed as $\ce{[Cu(H2O)4][SO4].H2O}$ So, the dot here signifies ignorance of how the subunits of a formula are structurally related. Now, let's