# All Questions

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### How to convert 2-propanol to 2-butanol?

Can someone confirm that this is a correct way to make 2-butanol starting from 2-propanol? First add Cl2 and UV-light to it to become 1-chloro-2-propanol Make from CH3Cl a Grignard reagent by adding ...
8k views

### What is the numbering of substituted benzene derivatives according to IUPAC nomenclature?

According to the lowest locant rule shouldn't the numbering of the compound 1 start from the carbon at the 4th position, thus giving the IUPAC name as 1,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzene? For compound 2 ...
6k views

### Can hot food ever emit x-rays or gamma rays?

I was just wondering, if heating food up is the result of increasing the energy of bends and stretches in the bonds of the molecules, is it ever possible for tiny amounts of x-rays and gamma rays be ...
172 views

### Synthesis of Almotritpane - mechanism for educational purpose

I purposed a full mechanism of the almotriptane synthesis. I wanted to help my fellow students and myself. Could you give me any tips? Are there any mistakes? I posted the SnCl2 reduction already, but ...
964 views

### Derivation of the Lever Rule

To derive the Lever rule, the textbook I am reading sets: $$nz_A = n_\alpha x_A + n_\beta y_A\\ nz_A = n_\alpha z_A + n_\beta z_A$$ $x_A =$ liquid phase mole fraction of component $A$ $y_A =$ gas ...
54 views

### Polysytrene factories and hypothetical health concerns [closed]

Background/Research so far I'm actually not much of a chemist at all; but I'm doing research for a book I'm writing. The events of the story begin from a factory that produces/supplies jewel cases ...
20k views

### Why is H2O2 named hydrogen peroxide?

Why is $\ce{H2O2}$ named hydrogen peroxide and not dihydrate dioxide?
576 views

### The ionic radius of aluminium(III) vs. the covalent radius of neon?

I was wondering if it is a valid comparison to look at the ionic radius (noble-gas-like configuration) of a metal and the covalent radius of a noble gas. Specifically, $\ce{Al^{3+}}$ and $\ce{Ne}$. ...
1k views

### Does this reduction mechanism of an diazonium via stannic chloride sense? [closed]

Is this mechanism possible. I didnt find any sources of a mechanism of this specific reaction.
1k views

### Can I use the mono ammonium phosphate found in fire extinguishers to make crystals? [closed]

I recently opened up a old decompressed fire extinguisher out of curiosity. After some research I discovered that the dry powder inside, mono ammonium phosphate, can be used to make beautiful crystals....
1k views

### Why the products of combustion of Cu2S are Cu2O and SO2?

$$\ce{Cu2S + 2 O2 -> 2 CuO + SO2}$$ Why are not these oxides $\ce{Cu2O}$, $\ce{SO}$ or $\ce{SO3}$? Is it connected to the stability of these molecules?
2k views

### Can nitrogens in urea be protonated?

Is it possible in very acidic solutions for the nitrogens ($\ce{N}$) to get another $\ce{H+}$, making it $\ce{R-NH2+-R}$? Since it has a free electron pair, it might be possible right? If so, at which ...
4k views

### How are van der Waals parameters determined experimentally?

If the ideal gas law $PV=nRT$ is not enough, as a second approximation the van der Waals equation $$\left(P+a\frac{n^2}{V}\right)\left(V-nb\right)=nRT$$ is applied. The constants $a$ and $b$ are van ...
2k views

### Why are non-spontaneous reactions driven in the presence of energy?

Here is my understanding. If you have an endergonic reaction (m) with $\Delta G_m=-m$ and you couple it to an exergonic reaction (n) with $\Delta G_n=n$, where $n>m$, then the endergonic reaction ...
4k views

### 1,2,3-Trimethylcyclopropane stereoisomers

1,2,3-Trimethylcyclopropane has two stereoisomers. When one of the methyl groups is above the plane and other two are below the plane, then there are two chiral centres as well as a plane of symmetry. ...
2k views

### How to determine the percentage of iron(II) and iron(III) in a solution?

Outline a plan of an experiment to determine the percentage of iron present as iron(III) in a solution containing $\ce{Fe^3+(aq)}$ and $\ce{Fe^2+(aq)}$ ions. You are provided with zinc, a standard ...
11k views

### How many resonating structures of Carbon Monoxide are there?

Anywhere I look, I get 3 resonating structures for CO molecule, like in this answer. However, according to the rules stated for drawing resonating structures in this site, I wonder why there can't be ...
115 views

### Production of sulfuric acid using sulfur dioxide

Is it possible to create sulfuric acid using sulfur dioxide directly dissolved in water? Usually, people oxidize the $\ce{SO2}$ to sulfur trioxide ($\ce{SO3}$) first. If this is possible, why is it ...
225 views

### Would consuming the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction be dangerous? [closed]

I'm wondering if the chemicals involved in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction would be at all poisonous. If at all, do you know of another similar oscillating reaction that could safely be ingested? [...
31k views

### π-Acceptor ligands

Which of the following are π-acceptor ligands? $\ce{PR3}$ $\ce{Cl-}$ $\ce{NH3}$ $\ce{H-}$ I know that $\ce{PR3}$ is a π-acceptor, and that $\ce{Cl-}$ is a π-donor ligand from my lectures. I am ...
12k views

### Why can't salt water and fresh water mix?

Why can't fresh water and salt water mix? What happens when they collide with each other? What are their differences?
182 views

### Safe pH levels for blood [closed]

What exactly happens to blood cells when a persons blood is to alkaline? I know that if your pH level goes below 6.8 or above 7.8 you will die. I have read that if you go below 6.8 your cells will ...
829 views

### Ester foam insert and isopropyl alcohol

I recently purchased a used set of lens for my telescope. They came in a nice aluminum case with foam inserts, but the foam has an odor. I am currently using just the sun to try to rid the foam of the ...
107 views

### How to determine if a given reaction requires heating to initiate?

At room temperature, some reaction propagate merely upon intermixing the reagents (e.g. autoignition of triethylborane), while others require additional heat to initiate (e.g. crystallization of ...
6k views

### Why don't equivalent hydrogens cause splitting in NMR?

When doing NMR spectroscopy, it is an observed fact that equivalent hydrogens do not split one another. Why don't equivalent hydrogens split each other's signals? For example, why is the NMR spectrum ...
228 views

### Does boiling water really treat it to make it safer than filtered/chlorinated water?

It doesn't seem like it would, but some folks I know are adamant about boiling their water before ingesting it and the online articles I've found on this seem very subjective.
387 views

### Calculating Ratio of Stability Constants

Solution I contains a mixture of $\ce{FeCl2}$ and $\ce{FeCl3}$, and solution II contains a mixture of $\ce{K4Fe(CN)6}$ and $\ce{K3Fe(CN)6}$. The concentrations of iron-containing species satisfy the ...
77 views

### Substances that pass visible light but absorb microwaves

Specifically, the substances should be water-miscible or water-soluble, but not water itself. Additionally, they should be absorptive but not opaque.
7k views

### How does chromium(III) react to form chromium(VI) with hydrogen peroxide?

$$\ce{2Cr(OH)3 + 4NaOH + 3H2O2 -> 2Na2CrO4 + 8H2O}$$ How does this reaction occur? We suddenly get sodium chromate in the place of chromium hydroxide. I can't understand it. We mix two hydroxides ...
65k views

### Conversion of a value between g/gmol and lb/lbmol

I am doing some air emissions calculations and I really just have a bad feeling about my results. By definition, molecular weights are given in $\pu{g/gmol}$. For the substance I have, I was told by ...
135 views

### How can you infer that density decreases when ice melts from the water phase diagram?

I know the phase diagram shows negative slope for water which is an exceptional case... But how do you read that graph and get to the conclusion that density is increasing? It's the one with ...
986 views

### Orbital radius: is 3d less than 3s?

So I was studying some graphics of the representation of orbitals in terms of radial dependence. My graphic is similar to this one: https://www.google.pt/search?q=radial+dependence+of+orbitals&...
14k views

### Melting and boiling point trend in Group II

The following picture shows the melting and boiling point trends down group II elements. I have added question marks where the variability in data was rather disturbing (over two hundred degrees ...
2k views

### Partial pressure of gases in liquid [closed]

I was trying to understand what partial pressure of a gas in a liquid means and found the following sentence in a book I don't get it fully. What does it mean, can someone please explain? (What does ...
320 views

### Wavelength of an electron removed from an atom of hydrogen

I have the following exercise: Determine the wavelength of an electron removed from an atom of hydrogen, in gas state, by a photon of wavelength of 45 nm. So what I immediately thought was to ...
258 views

### Boric acid ant poison

I made an ant poison using boric acid and peanut butter for grease eating ants. They eat the peanut butter (mixed with some olive oil to get it closer to a liquid), but I see a white residue (...
380 views

### Density of the methane [closed]

I would like to know the density of the Methane with a temperature of 348.15 Kelvin because i guess it is not the same that we can find on Wikipedia. Someone know where can i find that ? Thank you
791 views

### Removal of octadecanoic acid from paraffin wax

I have some very plain candles. I don't think they contain anything but paraffin wax and octadecanoic (stearic) acid, since they are odorless and very hard to bend, tending to crack instead (even at ...
4k views

### Is the behavior of a dilute strong acid the same as the behavior of a weak acid?

My assumption is yes, as the $\mathrm{pH}$ levels of each will be similar and thus they have the same acidity. Is this correct or am I missing something?
194 views

### How do ion–dipole bonds manage to break apart an ionic lattice?

I was reading this answer and its reasoning behind the dissolution of NaCl seems to lie in entropic favorability. However, as it states, many, if not most, dissolution reactions are favored by ...
50 views

### Zeolytes as Catalyst in hydrocracking

What is the working principle that allows zeolites to be catalysts in hydrocracking? Is it only their acidic ability to hold hydrogen and release to crack the oil?
215 views

### swift API to convert smiles strings to 2D chemical structures

Is there a method or free api written in swift for converting smiles strings to the corresponding 2D structures? I have used babel or ibabel with python, but how do i use it with swift?
437 views

### Reverse single replacement reaction

Is it possible using electrochemistry or some other method to reverse a typical single replacement reaction to go in the opposite direction. For example, is it possible to take silver metal and ...
381 views

### Hybrid functional calculations using different approach

In hybrid functional such as B3LYP, PBE0, HSE etc, some part of HF exchange and/or correlation is added to some part of DFT X/C part in order to get better results. My question is if I am adding 1/4 ...
89 views

### Homemade insecticide, is it safe or will a harmful chemical reaction occur? [closed]

I live just outside of Tucson Arizona and there are a lot of venomous spiders, scorpions and other potentially harmful critters. I have 2 retrievers, 2 cats and 4 turtles and would like to avoid ...
145 views

### Are titration, recrystallisation, functional group analysis, etc. outdated?

In modern chemistry, - pH meter, ion electrode, AES, HPLC, etc. replacing titration - HPLC replacing recrystallisation - IR and NMR replacing melting point analysis, derivative analysis, functional ...
557 views

### Preparing a 0.030 M solution of potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate?

I am a little bit confused on what I am supposed to do. The instructions say to prepare 250 mL of this solution by measuring out in grams the amount of PFT using a 250 mL volumetric flask. Then it ...
3k views

### Relation between strength and proticity of an acid

The strength of an acid is related to the number of molecules which have dissociated into hydronium ions in aq solution of that acid while proticity is the number of hydronium ions furnished by 1 ...
In planar annulenes, huckel's rule effectively states that compounds with a full HOMO for their conjugated $\pi$ systems are considered aromatic while those with a half filled outer shell are ...