Questions tagged [x-ray-diffraction]
X-ray diffraction is a method to obtain the crystal structure of a compound. This tag is also appropriate for x-ray powder diffraction.
45
questions
4
votes
1answer
81 views
What is the precision of intensity data in XRD measurement?
I made some relative crystallinity measurements on a zeolite (crystalline aluminosilicate). Which is measured for a specific peak area and compared with a reference sample.
The XRD of powder patterns ...
0
votes
1answer
68 views
How does X-Ray Crystallography determine the components (as opposed to the structure) of a molecule?
Thanks for some online resources (i.e. here) I have an understanding of what X-Ray Crystallography does.
By blasting X-Rays at a crystal and recording the scattering patterns on a plate behind the ...
6
votes
1answer
135 views
Can we observe the shapes of MOs? [duplicate]
Condensed question formulation:
Is there an experimental method to directly visualise the 3D form of a MO wave function, or at least the electron density associated with it?
Full statement:
...
0
votes
0answers
20 views
Analyzing alternating metals in a polymer matrix with 1 micrometer depth and only 10% metal
This is a theoretical question that I am struggling to get started on for a seminar discussion. If you were attempting to design an instrument with all the basic components (source, analyzer, detector,...
0
votes
0answers
15 views
Understanding reciprocal lattice points
I am trying to make sure I have an accurate understanding of the effect of reciprocal lattice points on diffracting planes and the direction of the lattice point vector.
Is the following statement ...
0
votes
0answers
14 views
In SAXS experiment, you observe strong Bragg peaks at q values of x, y and z. What are the d-spacings of the corresponding diffracting planes?
If d=2pi/q
then would it simply be that
d=2pi/x, 2pi/y and 2pi/z?
This feels to simple and i feel like maybe some version of the 4pisin(theta)/lambda equation should be here soemwhere but I cant ...
0
votes
0answers
77 views
How will the X ray diffraction pattern change if the crystal changes its lattice structure
(I asked this question on another community without getting much help there,I hence post it here as it may be more of a chemistry question. I apologize if my question has an obvious answer, I'm only a ...
0
votes
0answers
54 views
How to create .CIF file from DRX data in a paper, for compound not found in crystallographic database
I tried to recover a .CIF file with the crystal structure for the compound discussed in this 2006 paper, strontium hydroxide octahydrate - $\ce{Sr(OH)2·8H2O}$ - from Cambridge Crystallographic Data ...
1
vote
1answer
28 views
XRD: Can stacking faults cause pseudo-centring?
Consider a cP lattice with a = 10 Å and an octahedron residing on each of the unit cell's vertices as shown below:
The maximum symmetry will be Pm-3 m.
Now, let's consider there are stacking defects ...
0
votes
1answer
50 views
XRD Peaks in databases
I had a look at the JCPDS card of BiOCl and saw that there were very small peaks (such as 0.1 percent relative intensity) that I think wouldn't be observed in XRD pattern, they would just blend in ...
4
votes
1answer
112 views
Crystal structures of heaviest nuclides' compounds
What is the heaviest element of the periodic table for which there is a compound whose crystal structure has been completely resolved by X-ray diffraction?
0
votes
2answers
120 views
What is the origin of the Quadratic factor in calculation of XRD peaks?
Whenever we are to calculate the d-spacing(for cubic system) in XRD peaks with reference to Quadratic Factors we do that with the help of the formula $$\frac{1}{d_{hkl}^2}=\frac{h^2+k^2+l^2}{a^2}.$$
...
14
votes
2answers
1k views
How were x-ray diffraction patterns deciphered before computers?
I know the general idea behind x-ray crystallography is to take a high quality crystal and place it in the path of an x-ray beam. Areas of high electron density will diffract the beam and lead to ...
1
vote
2answers
381 views
What's the definition of multi phase materials? Does it mean the different phases represent different materials?
I'm from a CS background and just trying to understand the real meaning behind multi phase materials. Following is the experiment which drove me towards this question.
With the help of DFT and ...
0
votes
1answer
1k views
What kind of isomerism does Ni(PPh3)2Cl2 have and what is their IUPAC name? [duplicate]
I know that there are 2 isomers that $\ce{Ni(PPh3)2Cl2}$ have and they exist in equilibrium. I am tempted to name them cis- and trans- but it does not sound right.
3
votes
0answers
58 views
What is “detwinning” as a 2D crystallography technique?
The Phys.org article Iron selenide revealed as 'garden-variety iron-based superconductor' is quoted below. Normally I would hesitate to quote so much but in this case it all seems germane.
Question: ...
0
votes
1answer
143 views
Obtaining atomic form factor from electron density?
I know that atomic form factors for x-ray scattering are obtained by Fourier transform of the electronic charge density.
I am looking for a citable elementary source (book, review, article) which ...
2
votes
0answers
39 views
XRD-Amorphous materials
I am interested in sealing some air-sensitive samples inside of xrd-amorphous material to allow for XRD and hopefully XRD-texturing analysis. Of course, Kapton is the common material used for this ...
3
votes
0answers
154 views
X-ray structure analysis mirrored coordinates?
How to ensure, that X-ray crystallography structure analysis was done right to provide correct, non-mirrored atomic coordinates?
Example: Following Wikipedia image,
is generated from data taken from ...
1
vote
1answer
44 views
Why are powder XRD axes sometimes plotted in reverse?
Just plotting some powder XRD data and I wanted to know why the axes in some of the literature that I'm looking at is plotted in reverse. Is there a reason it starts at 60 Degrees (2 theta) and then ...
1
vote
1answer
53 views
Amorphous conductor transparent to XRD
I want to conduct in-situ XRD of a cathode in my battery using this coin cell with a kapton viewing window. I assume this cell configuration is the best I can find for my purpose, and that I can't ...
2
votes
0answers
120 views
What is the crystal structure for a crystal where the ratio of the squares of the angle peaks is 0.825?
I followed this and it gives an example of how to identify a crystal structure using XRD data.
I have an unknown alkali halide where two peaks were found at $2\theta =25.66$ and $2\theta = 28.3$. I ...
1
vote
0answers
83 views
What can be concluded from two different values for the interplanar distance between planes of atoms in an X-Ray diffraction experiment?
I analyzed an unknown Alkali Halide crystal using x-rays from a copper source. I need to find the d-spacing for this crystal, i.e. the interplanar distance between planes of atoms.
I found my $K_\...
16
votes
2answers
1k views
Why is crystallography still used in some cases for small molecule structure determination?
I was wondering for some time why in some cases x-ray crystallography and not NMR is used for structure determination of small molecules? Does crystallization maybe require a smaller amount of the ...
4
votes
1answer
631 views
Single crystal x-ray diffraction experiment backwards: from CIF to genuine set of raw data without performing actual experiment
Single crystal x-ray diffraction stands among the most complex yet trustworthy analytical techniques when it comes to structure determination of solids. But how hard it would be to simulate(fake) the ...
2
votes
2answers
536 views
How can I solve a non-cubic crystal structure?
Say I want to solve the crystal structure of barium sulfate, and I want to not only determine crystal type and the lattice parameter, but also the orientation of the oxygen atoms on the sulfate anion. ...
9
votes
3answers
707 views
What is the quantum mechanical explanation of X-ray diffraction?
One topic in crystallography that I've found a surprising dearth of information on is what the fundamental interaction behind the interaction of the X-ray and atom. Pretty much every book just treats ...
3
votes
2answers
6k views
Second Peak in X-Ray Diffraction Pattern of bcc Metal
By Bragg’s law,
$$2d\sin\theta=n\lambda$$
and
$$d=\frac{a}{\sqrt{h^2+k^2+l^2}}$$
Combining the two gives:
$$\sin\theta=\frac{n\lambda\sqrt{h^2+k^2+l^2}}{2a}$$
By the reflection rule for bcc, there ...
6
votes
1answer
4k views
What is crystallographic equivalence?
I’ve learnt that in crystallography, there are many crystallographic directions that are “equivalent.” For example, in a cubic crystal system, the [011] and [110] and [101] directions are “...
2
votes
0answers
99 views
In powder x rd, if the crystals are randomly oriented ,why then do we get Debye rings and not random patterns?
In powder x-ray diffraction ,as I have learnt the sample is multi-crystalline.So if x-ray is diffracted through these randomly oriented crystal grains, aren't we supposed to get a random pattern?
3
votes
0answers
700 views
Why are certain reflections forbidden in body centered cubic and face centered cubic structures?
I know that for body centered cubic structures the allowed reflections only happen if h+k+l is even and reflections are forbidden is h+k+l is odd, and for basic face centered cubic structures (...
5
votes
1answer
141 views
Is the structure of a crystalized protein the native one?
When one finds the 3D structure of a protein by crystalizing it and then making a X-ray experiment, how does one know that the geometrical configuration of the crystal is the same (or even close) to ...
0
votes
1answer
1k views
Zinc oxide reduction in ethanol
I'm trying to prepare a ZnO thin film deposited on a glass substrate. The precursor solution prepared by sol gel process through dissolving 1 M zinc acetate dihydrate $\ce{Zn(CH_3COO)_2.2H_2O}$ in ...
11
votes
1answer
13k views
Why are X-rays used in crystallography?
Can any other wavelength of electromagnetic radiation be used?
Why can't gamma radiation be used?
3
votes
0answers
304 views
Programs for chemical structure visualisation and drawing 2d and 3d [duplicate]
I want to create list of simple and useful software to draw molecules 2d and 3d with small description. Not necessary only freeware software. Also web-based services are interesting.
Your help in ...
3
votes
1answer
1k views
Is there open source software for SEM EDX data analysis?
This can't be unique to me and would apply to anybody who has to use equipment in other departments has had departments move etc.
What open source packages exist to read and potentially manipulate ...
6
votes
1answer
214 views
Angular dependence of x-ray and neutron scattering factors
Why are neutron scattering factors essentially independent of $2\theta$, whereas X-ray scattering factors drop off with increasing $2\theta$ ?
6
votes
2answers
333 views
Are molecular optimizations in quantum chemistry really in vacuum?
I know that Gaussian (or other quantum chemical packages) assumes the molecule is alone in vacuum, that is, the molecule doesn't interact with anything, when optimizing the molecule.
But I've found ...
11
votes
1answer
9k views
How do you calculate a unit cell's dimensions from an XRD spectra?
My inorganic lab had us do an XRD measurement, but I've never been explained how to interpret the data.
Question:
Calculate the unit cell dimensions $a$, $b$, and $c$, for $\ce{YBa2Cu3O7}$ from ...
2
votes
1answer
367 views
The Workings of Pulse-Height Discrimination
Pulse-height discrimination is a common technique to filter out unwanted background signals from the analytical signals. But how exactly does it work?
The analytical signals are not continuously ...
1
vote
1answer
178 views
Does the probability of fluorescence increase when energy of incident X-rays match the electron's binding energy?
When analyzing manganese-rich samples with X-ray powder diffraction, sample fluorescence becomes a significant effect.
Is this because the incident X-rays' energy - which, if Cu K$\alpha_1$, is ...
0
votes
2answers
194 views
Is it possible to construct a 3D molecular model using x-ray powder diffraction data?
I've got x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data on bendamustine HCl from a patent and I want to know how to construct a 3D model using this data with software.
3
votes
1answer
148 views
Elastic scattering of x rays in 3D: the principle for XRD analysis
I have some trouble visualising scattering of x-rays in 3D, since all textbooks and examples present it in 2D. Under I will share some reflections (no pun intended) about the elastic scattering of x ...
2
votes
2answers
337 views
XRD-Shorter distance between planes than actual radius of atoms/or cell parameter
I'm solving problems related to X-ray diffraction, and I get these results which apparently are correct. My question may be dumb, but I just can't see how the interplanar distance might be shorter ...
3
votes
1answer
638 views
X-Ray Diffraction: Phase Identification Strategy
I am having some trouble with qualitative phase identification using x-ray diffraction (XRD). Here follows some basic information about the experiment:
Instrument: ...
