Questions tagged [synthesis]
Synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain the desired product. Applies to long and complex natural product syntheses as much as to short one or two-step syntheses. This also covers synthetic problem sets and retrosynthetic analyses.
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Breakdown of addition polymers
We know that condensation polymers can be broken down by hydrolysis with the elimination of small water molecules.
Then what about addition polymers? How can they be broken down into their monomers?
I ...
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Synthesizing "Methyl 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-phenylacetate" [closed]
I am a chemistry student, here I mapped out the steps one might take to synthesize Methyl2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-phenylacetate, a piracetam dirivitive. Please add any steps I might be missing and ...
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Advise on performance vs cost of the Berkland-Eyde Process for direct synthesis of Nitric Acid from atrmospheric air
I am new to chemistry, having gone down an electronics route in my career, so I decided to pick up where my 'O' levels ended (many years ago) and make a better understanding of the topic a sort of ...
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Methanisation in the Haber Porcess
I've been reading up on the Haber process lately.
In one such industrial case of ammonia synthesis, hydrogen is created through steam reforming, which creates some carbon monoxide. As the reaction ...
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What is the product and mechanism of reducing a cyclohexanone derrivative with LAH?
I've been trying to figure out the product and mechanism of the reaction pictured below for a while now:
I'm fairly sure that the first step is the reduction of the ketone by LAH, which results in a ...
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Hydrolyse Phosphonate diester to free phosphonic acid under relatively mild conditions?
I want to hydrolyse a phosphonic acid diethylester to the corresponding free phosphonic acid. In the literature, it is described, that usually strongly basic or acidic conditions are utilized to ...
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Why did this synthesis of Aspirin fail?
I tried to synthesize acetylsalicylic acid(aspirin) by the method below. However, I definitely failed and got something unknown.
The method used was:
Add 2.5 g of salicylic acid(about 2494 mg), 3.0 ...
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Production of sulphuric acid
To my knowledge, sulphuric acid is produced by complex industrial processes like contact process.
The following structure shows a sulphate ion.
I wonder why sulphuric acid cannot be produced through ...
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Reduction of benzylic alcohol and halide using H2 and Pd
I am studying drug synthesis, and I found some examples that uses $\ce{H_2}$ and Pd/C or Pd/$\ce{BaSO_4}$ as catalytic hydrogenation reagents for reduction of alcohol or halide in benzylic position. ...
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Degradation of 4-MeO-Tetrahydrocarbazole
I recently synthesized 4-Methoxy-Tetrahydroxarbazole from 4-MeO-Phenylhydrazine and Cyclohexanone. The product had a off-white color directly after synthesis but was brown after standing over night at ...
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Synthesis of 1-ethylcyclohexane-1,2-diol from cyclohexylethene
Here's my synthesis:
HBr
NaEtO
OsO4/NMO
But the problem is that for step 2, there are 3 possible alkene locations, with all of them having 3 substituents, so I would have all 3 forming (although 2 ...
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Find the missing chemical structures in the reaction sequence
I came across the following question, where a set of reagents are used, starting from a carbohydrate derivative.
I understand that this is some total synthesis reaction, but I cannot find which one.
...
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Selective formation of enolates
I saw the following reaction on Modern methods of Organic Synthesis by Carruthers. The reaction is about the selective alkylation of trimethylsilyl enolates, and is shown below.
However, I have some ...
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Amidine synthesis from nitrile and dimethylamine using n-Buli as a base
I am making LiNMe2 using n-Buli (5.5 equiv.) and dimethylamine (5.0 equiv), -15 ºC, dry THF and under nitrogen atmosphere.
I have been doing the reaction and I can observe conversion of starting ...
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Can any compound form into an amorphous solid?
I am curious whether it is possible or not to make any solution of a specific compound into a crystal lattice or into an amorphous solid? I know that crystals form under specific conditions but seem ...
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TMSiBr and Oxalylchloride for ester cleavage
I am wondering what is the advantage of using TMSiBr do perform an ester cleavage in comparison to perform chlorination first for example with oxalylchloride or thionylchloride and than add water?
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Esterification of phosphonic acid chloride is working with isoprenol but not with prenol
I am performing an esterfication reaction between an activated phosphonic acid (chloride) and a series of alcohols. Until now, I was not able to make the reaction work with prenol, while isoprenol is ...
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Reaction of eugenol with concentrated hydrobromic acid in the presence of gaseous hydrogen bromide [closed]
DISCLAIMER: I am not using any of this information to commit a crime, my university has a license from the relevant authorities to investigate clandestine chemical procedures.
We are investigating an ...
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Avoid triethylphosphate as a side product during P-C-P coupling reaction with diethylchlorophosphate with LDA
I have a reaction in which I perform a deprotonation of an acidic proton at a phosphate and later do a P-C-P coupling. The coupling partner is diethylchlorophosphate. Deprotonation is performed with ...
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Specific question about the total synthesis of B-12
In the process of synthesizing B-12, Woodward & Co. produce an intermediate thioether they refer to as Type I. "Type I because we found early in working with these substances that they were ...
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Are these reactions in synthesis of melamine correct?
I found the Wikipedia article for melamine to be incorrect in "synthesis and reaction" section; so I decided to edit it. But on the other hand I'm not sure my assumption to be correct that ...
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Alternative synthesis for LK-99 proposed room-temperature superconductor
This is probably not the best place to post this, but I'm posting in case it might reach the right people who could give this a try.
The current synthesis for the proposed LK-99 superconductor is a ...
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Production SnO2 nanoparticles through chemical co-precipitation method: chemical equation of the reaction
In this paper, the production of $\ce{SnO2}$ nanoparticles through the chemical co-precipiation method is described using $\ce{SnCl2·2H2O}$ as a precursor. According to their experimental section,
$\...
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How do I synthesize salicylic acid?
I'm looking to synthesize salicylic acid in my school laboratory for an investigatory project. The Kolbe's reaction looks promising:
Any suggestions on where to get the $\ce{CO2}$ from?
Will the ...
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Magnesium chloride to citrate conversion (reaction/synthesis)
How would one prepare magnesium citrate from magnesium chloride and citric acid? Will it work if I just heat a mixture of magnesium chloride and citric acid in water? I'd expect HCl to vaporize off.
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Color change when heating organic compound
I did just attend a lab class where I should synthesize 3,6-dibromo- N-propylcarbazole from N-propylcarbazole by bromination. Once, the bromination was over the color of the reaction content was ...
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How does the synthesis of [18]annulene proceed stepwise?
Finding good literature on the synthesis of [18]annulene is challenging, as most sources are well old and quite archaic, so I was hoping some explanation in regard to the mechanism of synthesis.
My ...
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Protecting Thiol group in presence of alcohol
What protecting group can I use that will protect the thiol in the presence of an alcohol? Is there a set of conditions, or a group that I can use that is selective to the thiol over the alcohol?
I am ...
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Is it possible to prevent elimination during Diels Alder reactions using Danishevsky's diene (or variants)?
Are there examples of keeping the methoxy group and then using it to perhaps do radical chemistry without eliminating to the enone?
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Finding chromium
If I were to go back in time to pre-industrial Earth, and I wanted to make stainless steel, would there be a way to find chromium and/or chromite? It doesn't matter what chemical form the chromium ...
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How to synthesize lanthanum(III) chloride & Cerium(III) chloride from their oxides?
Interested in obtaining anhydrous lanthanum/cerium chlorides
$\ce{La2O3}$ / $\ce{СeO2}$ in a flow of carbon tetrachloride at 500 degrees
$\ce{La2O3}$ / $\ce{CeO2}$ with ammonium chloride when heated (...
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What is the best way to deprotonate a methyl group?
I am attempting to deprotonate the methyl group on 2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-6-ol (hydroxyl group is protected with a silyl group) in order to attach a phosphate group in the form of diethyl ...
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Why will changing the solvent crack the column for column chromatography?
When we perform column chromatography with silica to purify the reaction crude product, we sometimes need to change the solvent system to better extract our target product.
For example, changing from ...
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What are the reactions between Zinc acetate dihydrate and Methoxyethanol? [closed]
I am synthesizing a sol-gel solution with Zinc acetate dihydrate + Methoxyethanol and ethanolamine as stabilizer, and I wonder what are the reactions that are taking place in the process. Could you ...
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How is NADH or NADPH produced in industrial chemical synsthesis?
I am trying to find out how NADH or NADPH are produced in bulk. These molecules are very important biologically, however, they are also sold as chemical reagents and produced in large quantities. How ...
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Cause and Prevention of Palladium Mirror in Stille Coupling
I am conducting some monomer and polymer syntheses using Stille coupling or other palladium-based coupling. I usually use the combination of $\ce{Pd_2(dba)_3}$ and $\ce{P(o-tol)_3}$ in Stille coupling,...
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How do you synthesize 1-fluoro-4-(tribromomethyl)benzene from toluene
I got this question from an o-chem II exam which kinda puzzles me a bit
My proposed path is:
which doesn't seem to be correct. Is there any other way within the knowledge of o-chem I & II?
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Why is the sp3-sp3 reductive elimination between the R1 and norbornene in the Catellani Cycle ''not favorable''?
I have recently started reading a book about C-H activation and I cannot figure out why in the Catellani reaction cycle the R1-norbornene reductive elimination side reaction which can be a major issue ...
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Synthesis of a Substituted Indane
From the starting reactants given as the sole carbon source:
We need to synthesis the following compound (we can use any inorganic reagents).
Here is what I tried so far, but I don't think it looks &...
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synthetic procedure for 1,3,4 thiadiazole from acylhydrazide [closed]
I wanted to synthesize 1,3,4 thiadiazole-2- thiol substituted to benzoic acid the reaction has to happen in such a way that the "acid hydrazide" group of benzoic acid hydrazide has to ...
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Halogenation of organic acid derivatives
Chloropicrin can be produced through the reaction of sodium hypochlorite with nitromethane. On the surface, this seems to me to proceed through a mechanism analogous to the haloform reaction, with one ...
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Can we use potassium hydroxide to decarboxylate potassium benzoate to benzene?
I know the famous reaction:
I was thinking of extension of this reaction to other salts of Benzoic Acids such as:
$$\ce{Potassium Benzoate + KOH ->[CaO,Δ] Benzene + K2CO3}$$
Is this reaction ...
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What does it mean stir at room temperature overnight? [closed]
It was mentioned in synthetic procedure to "stir at room temperature overnight".
What does this mean? (I want the exact duration for how long should I keep stirring.)
How is it possible to ...
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How to add any polymer to azobenzene?
I want to make a polymer by adding two polymeric substituent groups to azobenzene (I would like only N-azobenzene-N where N is a polymer and repeats). I have been reading about how they make the ...
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Does germanium(IV) chloride have to be handled under inert atmosphere?
I am finding conflicting information on the proper handling of germanium(IV) chloride. Is the liquid air/moisture sensitive? Does $\ce{GeCl4}$ have to be handled in a glove box?
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Erythritol oxidation using acidified KMnO4
I have recently experimented with erythritol oxidation my primary aim was to make glyoxal. However regarding the nature and structure of erythritol several other side-products were also observed one ...
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Is there any calcium carbonate analogue drawing carbon from dry air?
Is there a nonliving (wood does not count) substance or process that accretes a solid material by withdrawing carbon from the air, in a manner analogous to calcium carbonate being accreted from ...
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Why does Bachmann reaction differ in batch characteristics as opposed to flow characteristics
I have studied this reaction for over a year and it makes zero sense. When synthesizing HMX from Bachmann reaction, an important intermediate is DPT. DPT is formed by reaction of nitric and hexamine ...
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Synthesis and retrosynthetic analysis of dicyclohexylamine
I need to consider the retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis of dicyclohexylamine.
For the retrosynthetic analysis, I have relied on the method of disconnections, which consists in splitting the ...
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Functional groups in graphene oxide
There is already a large number of literature on graphene oxide stating that the number of epoxy groups is quite similar to the number of ethyl groups. However, I was wondering if the number of ...
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