Questions tagged [synthesis]
Synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain the desired product. Applies to long and complex natural product syntheses as much as to short one or two-step syntheses. This also covers synthetic problem sets and retrosynthetic analyses.
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Shi Epoxidation Issues - Any help would be appreciated
As part of my PhD project, I'm currently looking into running a Shi Epoxidation reaction. The first step is to reproduce the current literature on this reaction by using trans-stilbene as my substrate....
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Synthesis of copper selenide
If I react selenium powder with copper chloride powder above the melting point of selenium (221 °C), will I end up with a chunk of copper selenide, with the chlorine given off as gas, or will I lose ...
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Preparation of Effexor
I take venlafaxine (Effexor) as medication, and having wrapped up 2 semesters of Organic Chemistry I thought it might be fun to design a synthesis for it. A picture of venlafaxine:
I came up with the ...
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Synthesis of potassium trioxalatocobaltate(III) trihydrate
I've synthesized the compound potassium trioxalatocobaltate(III) trihydrate and for it I have two reaction equations. One of them is:
$$\ce{CoCO3 + 3K2C2O4.2H2O -> K2[Co(C2O4)3] + 2CO2}$$
and the ...
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What is the most convenient way to prepare ferrous oxide (FeO) in the laboratory?
The Wikipedia page for ferrous oxide states that $\ce{FeO}$ can be prepared by the thermal decomposition of iron(II) oxalate, with the following reaction:
$$\ce{FeC2O4 → FeO + CO2 + CO}$$
And that ...
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Is it possible to synthesize permanganate electrochemically?
I have been researching the production of peroxy acids and other strong oxidizers. I was wondering if it's possible to produce permanganic acid if I were to cast an anode containing Manganese Dioxide ...
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Synthesis of thiolated azo-derivatives
I am looking for a method to synthesis thiolated azo derivatives.
I would like to start from methyl red and change carboxylic group to thiolated azo derivatives.
How could I do that?
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How to make aluminium monostearate?
Can I make aluminium monostearate $(\ce{C18H37AlO4};$ $\pu{344.472 g mol-1})$ by reaction between stearic acid $(\ce{C18H36O2};$ $\pu{284.484 g mol-1})$ and aluminium hydroxide $(\ce{Al(OH)3};$ $\pu{...
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Theoretical p-Phenylenediamine synthesis
I am thinking on an alternative synthesis of pPDA, in which I need counsel. I was thinking about these easy reactions, and I want to ask if it can be done, or maybe you can hint me some reference. I ...
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Synthetic approach for precursor 1,1'-(bromomethylene)bis(1H-pyrazole) in ligand synthesis
Relevance
During my Bachelor's project I focused on the synthesis of iron(II) complexes comprising a tetrapodal pentadentate ligand from the ligand family $\text{PY5R}_2\ (\text{R = H, Me, OH, OMe})$....
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How to make 1,1-diphenyl-1-butene from benzophenone and 1-bromopropane?
I would like to know the method of syntheses of making
1,1-diphenyl-1-butene $(\ce{C16H16})$ from benzophenone $(\ce{(C6H5)2CO},$ generally abbreviated $\ce{Ph2CO})$ and 1-bromopropane $(\ce{...
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Synthesis of phenethyl alcohol from benzene
How can I make phenethyl alcohol $(\ce{C6H5CH2CH2OH})$ from benzene?
I have got information that phenethyl alcohol is made from benzene by Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide ...
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Can someone please explain to me where the flaw is in my proposed synthesis mechanism?
For this I have to convert benzene into the product in the box using the reagents listed. The order of reagents that makes sense to me is IDGBEH. However, this is not the correct answer. Somewhere I ...
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Why does only the cis-isomer of potassium dioxalatodiaquochromate(III) form?
A friend of mine performed a standard synthesis reaction of potassium dioxalatodiaquochromate(III) by adding potassium dichromate to ethandioic acid dihydrate and a little water. The synthesis ...
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Cyclic polyynes
Cyclic polyynes have been proposed as theoretical compounds to illustrate the “particle on a ring” model discussed in many quantum chemistry courses. I've looked it up on Wikipedia but there it's not ...
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How can one synthesise a conjugated alkyne chain?
Let's take the conjugated alkyne chain (e) below, taken from Wikipedia:
How would one typically go about synthesising such a conjugated chain with a series of alkyne functions?
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Synthesis of an epoxide from 1,2-diol
Why is there no formation of epoxide when the two OH-groups are on different planes? I do understand the epoxidation mechanism. However, I would be grateful if someone cleared the specific ...
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Products of the oxidation of 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane
I am having difficulty identifying the second product. Is it an ether, or a kind of epoxide? I am out of ideas on how to reach it.
However, I do have a general idea how to receive the first product, ...
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Product of this Michael addition
I'm having problems when trying to know the outcome of this reaction.
The first step must be a Michael addition of the 1,3-dicarbonyl compound to the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, followed by a ...
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1answer
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How is chlorocarbene synthetised?
The wikipedia page on cyclononatetraene says that the aromatic cyclononatetraenyl anion can be synthetised by a rearangement of 9-chlorobicyclo[6.1.0]nona-2,4,6-triene.
My first idea on how to ...
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Can antimony pentafluoride be made by adding hydrogen fluoride to antimony trifluoride?
I was looking at how the strongest acid was made and I found something I did not understand. On the Wikipedia page for antimony trifluoride it shows the production of $\ce{SbF3}$ using $\ce{HF}$:
$$\...
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How to improve efficiency of the diamine synthesis from fluorescein?
In this work, fluorescein was incorporated with an equal molar of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene and double potassium carbonate (molar ratio), the solvent of this reaction is dimethylacetamide (50 ml for 5 g ...
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1answer
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How would one carboxylate CBG into its acid form, CBGA?
I have a project that would require cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) as a synthase substrate, but the only available chemical I can find is cannabigerol (CBG). CBG is the product of CBGA through ...
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What is the mechanism of the reaction of ethyl prop-2-ynoate to ethyl (2Z)-2,3-dibromoprop-2-enoate?
It's really weird for the product is 99％ Z-comformation?
Please tell me why?
This reaction can be found in scifinder.
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Synthesis for turning synephrenine into N-methylphenethylamine
I am trying to devise a synthesis to change synephrine (4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol) into N-methylphenethylamine.
I was figuring that I could remove the hydroxyl group attached to the ...
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2answers
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What reagents or series of reactions would allow for selective hydroxylation of an allylic methyl group outside of a ring?
Sample transformation for selective hydroxylation of an allylic methyl group outside of a ring. Selenium dioxide would not work since hydroxylation would be favored inside the ring.
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Williamson Ether and Carboxylic Acids
What would happen if you tried a Williamson Ether Synthesis on something that has both an alcohol and a carboxylic acid? Would both -OH groups be functionalized, where the alcohol would become an ...
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1answer
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How to convert -OH to terminal -SH group in nucleolipids: [closed]
I am recently working on some synthesis of Nucleolipids and I want to transform $\ce{-OH}$ to terminal $\ce{S}$ group.
Can anyone help?
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1answer
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What is the standard way to know the price of a chemical substance? [closed]
I've encountered many vendors with broadly varying prices for the same chemical substance, including amazon and Alibaba. I wonder if there is a standard way to know the universal/average price of a ...
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Could you form quartz crystals by melting and cooling sand very slowly?
Since glass is amorphous quartz and when you slow the cooling of something enough it will crystallize, couldn’t you melt $\ce{SiO2}$ (sand) and then very slowly cool it to cause spontaneous nucleation ...
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IrO2 (iridium oxide) synthesis [closed]
How do I synthesize $\ce{IrO2}$ from $\ce{IrCl3}$ ? Please suggest a least expensive method.
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Aldol Reaction in Water Not Working
I am conducting an Aldol formation reaction in water, and below is the experimental protocol I am following (from J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 3590—3596):
Formation of Aldol in Water using Yb(OTf)3 ...
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A broad singlet at 2.27 ppm?
I took the $\mathrm{^{1}H}$-NMR (CDCl3 solvent) of my product, 2,2-dimethoxy acetic acid. Below is what I see:
$\delta \: \pu{4.862 ppm}$ (1H), $\delta \: \pu{3.521 ppm}$ (6.78H), $\delta \: \pu{2....
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Purification of Solid Phase Synthesized Peptide
I began working in a newly setup lab, and I'm having a dilysine (K2) peptide synthesized by solid phase method. I plan to cleave the peptides from the resin with a cleavage cocktail of TFA. ...
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Synthesis of anthranilic acid
Yesterday, I performed the synthesis of anthranilic acid (also known as, 2-aminobenzoic acid. I was instructed to use the common route that is also featured on the Wikipedia page for this compound. ...
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Reagents for synthesis of ethyl 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)acetate from naphthalen-1(4H)-one
The following conversion can be performed in a few steps. Show key intermediates and reagents (detailed mechanisms are not required).
So I've been looking at this for a while and I can't seem ...
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PLGA - poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Synthesis
Does anyone have experience with the synthesis of PLGA? PLGA is synthesized by means of ring-opening co-polymerization of two different monomers, the cyclic dimers (1,4-dioxane-2,5-diones) of ...
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Substitution / Elimination competition
I am trying the hypothetical synthesis below, but I didn't get the product I was expecting. Instead, the reaction formed mostly styrene, in >80% yield (elimination product of the bromide)
The ...
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1answer
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Why is molybdenum that important in inorganic synthesis as well as biosynthesis of ammonia?
We know that Mo (Molybdenum ) is used as a catalyst for Haber's process, during synthesis of Ammonia from Nitrogen. Again, in biological systems, Nitrogen fixation (ALSO forming Ammonia from Nitrogen)...
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Synthetic steps for the interconversion between aldehydes and ketones
I am learning about carbonyl chemistry at the moment. So far, we have been able to make aldehydes and ketones from alcohols (via oxidizing agents). I can't help but wonder if there is possibly any way ...
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What's the purpose of stirring the mixture at 0 degree and dding NaOH to the organic reaction mixture?
I used to follow the lab protocol without thinking, but I now hope to understand why certain procedures are done.
I am synthesizing dimethoxyacetic acid from methyl dimethoxy acetate(so hydrolysis ...
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1answer
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Synthesis of a weinreb amide from an acid
The following shows the conversion of an acid to a weinreb amide:
It was taken from the IChO 2015 preparatory problem set problem 23. In this two-step synthesis, I am slighly puzzled by the first ...
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How to acetylate a thiol group in general?
I wonder (and have tried to find the answer by searching in synthetic chemistry resources) how do you acetylate thiol (R-SH) groups in general? For example the cysteine-SH group either alone to make S-...
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Finding all Chemical Reactions Given Products and Reactants
Suppose only a set of chemical formulas is given. How can you find all mathematically possible chemical equations whose educts and products are only from this set?
Take e.g. the set $\{ \ce{C, H2, O2,...
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t-Boc protection of amide (urea)
I'm trying to prepare protected urea and I'd like to protect it with some alkali stable PG. Is it possible to protect urea with t-Boc? Or is there another way to get boc-protected urea?
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What is the mechanism of azulene synthesis?
In the Organic Syntheses preparation of azulene (http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=CV7P0015) there are two reactions. First is a clevage of the C-N bond in pyridine and the second one is the ...
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Preference for basic conditions in ester hydrolysis
It has occurred to me that it is very common see the use of basic conditions for ester hydrolysis in various syntheses. One such sequence commonly seen in the case of the malonic ester synthesis is:
$...
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What takes place in this transformation of the 1,3-dicarbonyl?
I was just looking at a particular synthesis method on the Organic Chemistry Portal when I saw a particularly puzzling step, involving a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound. The step which I am puzzled by is ...
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Monitoring amino acid esterification
I am trying to monitor the esterification of a non UV active amino acid.I used thionyl chloride and Methanol as reagents.
As amino group is unprotected, Ninhydrin should give positive result for both ...
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Effect of substituents on Ullmann reaction
This question that I recently encountered asked what the most suitable substrate for the Ullmann reaction would be. The answer given is (b) but I think it has to be (d) as the nitro group acts as EWG ...
