Questions tagged [synthesis]
Synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain the desired product. Applies to long and complex natural product syntheses as much as to short one or two-step syntheses. This also covers synthetic problem sets and retrosynthetic analyses.
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Phosphoryl bromide reaction with benzoic acid
I am trying to find out how $\ce{POBr3}$ reacts with $\ce{-COOH}$ group (benzoic acid to be specific). I found that it performs an elimination reaction with alcohols to give alkenes. I have also seen ...
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How to get rid needle clogging on electrospinning of PLA/PCL/PMMA/Collagen?
For my thesis research, I dissolved PLA and PCL in chloroform: methanol (3:1), PMMA (350.000 MW, 13 wt%) in acetone, and collagen in acetate acid--and then, I mixed them together. The problem is when ...
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What is the largest one step radical cyclization ever achieved?
When I was an undergrad, roughly around 2005, I took a grad level class that covered various topics in advanced organic synthesis. I don't remember much clearly from the class, but one thing that I ...
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Balanced equation for Schweizer's reagent production?
In Thompson's Illustrated Guide to Home Chemistry Experiments the chemical formula for Schweizer's reagent is represented as $\ce{[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2}$ (although Wikipedia represents it as $\ce{[Cu(NH3)4(...
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Molar ratios not leading to complete reaction in Schweizer's reagent production
In my home lab, I've reacted $\ce{Cu(OH)2}$ with aqueous ammonia to produce Schweizer's reagent. However, I'm surprised by the amount of ammonia required to react with this amount of $\ce{Cu(OH)2}$. ...
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Organometallic Synthesis: Cp2Ti(I)Me from TiCl4
I've been working on this synthesis question for a couple days but I'm a little stuck. The question is:
Using only $\ce{TiCl_{4}}$, $\ce{NaCp}$, $\ce{PhLi}$, $\ce{MeI}$, and $\ce{EtMgBr}$, ...
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Making aspirin without acetic anhydride
I want to make aspirin. Normal method is to react salicylic acid with acetic anhydride, but it is extremely hard to find acetic anhydride. How may I synthesize aspirin with acetic acid and salicylic ...
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Why is t-BuOK necessary for this synthesis?
1-chloro-2-methylpropane --> 2-chloro-2-methylpropane.
My understanding is that an E2 reaction produces two types of alkenes, the major product for non-sterically hindered bases is the more ...
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How to dissolve PLA/PCL/PMMA?
I have a research about electrospun membrane synthesis where I dissolve PLA pellets in chloroform:methanol (3:1) for 3 hours and also PCL pellets in chloroform:methanol (3:1) for 3 hours too. Another ...
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How to convert Mn2O3 to Mn3O4?
I was preparing $\ce{Mn3O4}$ but it was when characterized by XRD, a $\ce{Mn2O3}$ phase existed. Now how can I convert $\ce{Mn2O3}$ to $\ce{Mn3O4}$?
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Why is it ill advised to eat the solid aspirine formed from salicylic acid + acetic anhydride
In the laboratory notes it is indicated that it is ill advised to eat the solid formed from this experiment. An esterification reaction, in which salicylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride.
If ...
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How can the free amino acid B be enantioslectively synthesitzed?
I would like to know how this reaction actually works. I think its an ring metathesis, espececially with the Grubbs catalysator II. But I dont know how to this reaction examole really works especially ...
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Shi Epoxidation Issues - Any help would be appreciated
As part of my PhD project, I'm currently looking into running a Shi Epoxidation reaction. The first step is to reproduce the current literature on this reaction by using trans-stilbene as my substrate....
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Synthesis of copper selenide
If I react selenium powder with copper chloride powder above the melting point of selenium (221 °C), will I end up with a chunk of copper selenide, with the chlorine given off as gas, or will I lose ...
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Why is tert-butoxide often used in elimination reactions when it is not necessary?
I understand that tert-butoxide is used to favor the Hofmann product in elimination reactions due to its steric bulk (and thus inability to abstract a proton in a more substituted position); however, ...
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Preparation of 3-ethylpentan-3-ol
Is it possible to use CI3TMS (a carbon with three iodo groups and a trimethylsilyl protecting group) and three equivalents of an ethyl grignard reagent to prepare 3-ethylpentan-3-ol? By deprotecting ...
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Preparation of Effexor
I take venlafaxine (Effexor) as medication, and having wrapped up 2 semesters of Organic Chemistry I thought it might be fun to design a synthesis for it. A picture of venlafaxine:
I came up with the ...
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Synthesis of potassium trioxalatocobaltate(III) trihydrate
I've synthesized the compound potassium trioxalatocobaltate(III) trihydrate and for it I have two reaction equations. One of them is:
$$\ce{CoCO3 + 3K2C2O4.2H2O -> K2[Co(C2O4)3] + 2CO2}$$
and the ...
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What is the most convenient way to prepare ferrous oxide (FeO) in the laboratory?
The Wikipedia page for ferrous oxide states that $\ce{FeO}$ can be prepared by the thermal decomposition of iron(II) oxalate, with the following reaction:
$$\ce{FeC2O4 → FeO + CO2 + CO}$$
And that ...
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Is it possible to synthesize permanganate electrochemically?
I have been researching the production of peroxy acids and other strong oxidizers. I was wondering if it's possible to produce permanganic acid if I were to cast an anode containing Manganese Dioxide ...
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Synthesis of thiolated azo-derivatives
I am looking for a method to synthesis thiolated azo derivatives.
I would like to start from methyl red and change carboxylic group to thiolated azo derivatives.
How could I do that?
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How to make aluminium monostearate?
Can I make aluminium monostearate $(\ce{C18H37AlO4};$ $\pu{344.472 g mol-1})$ by reaction between stearic acid $(\ce{C18H36O2};$ $\pu{284.484 g mol-1})$ and aluminium hydroxide $(\ce{Al(OH)3};$ $\pu{...
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Theoretical p-Phenylenediamine synthesis
I am thinking on an alternative synthesis of pPDA, in which I need counsel. I was thinking about these easy reactions, and I want to ask if it can be done, or maybe you can hint me some reference. I ...
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Synthetic approach for precursor 1,1'-(bromomethylene)bis(1H-pyrazole) in ligand synthesis
Relevance
During my Bachelor's project I focused on the synthesis of iron(II) complexes comprising a tetrapodal pentadentate ligand from the ligand family $\text{PY5R}_2\ (\text{R = H, Me, OH, OMe})$....
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How to make 1,1-diphenyl-1-butene from benzophenone and 1-bromopropane?
I would like to know the method of syntheses of making
1,1-diphenyl-1-butene $(\ce{C16H16})$ from benzophenone $(\ce{(C6H5)2CO},$ generally abbreviated $\ce{Ph2CO})$ and 1-bromopropane $(\ce{...
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Synthesis of phenethyl alcohol from benzene
How can I make phenethyl alcohol $(\ce{C6H5CH2CH2OH})$ from benzene?
I have got information that phenethyl alcohol is made from benzene by Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide ...
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Can someone please explain to me where the flaw is in my proposed synthesis mechanism?
For this I have to convert benzene into the product in the box using the reagents listed. The order of reagents that makes sense to me is IDGBEH. However, this is not the correct answer. Somewhere I ...
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238 views
Why does only the cis-isomer of potassium dioxalatodiaquochromate(III) form?
A friend of mine performed a standard synthesis reaction of potassium dioxalatodiaquochromate(III) by adding potassium dichromate to ethandioic acid dihydrate and a little water. The synthesis ...
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Cyclic polyynes
Cyclic polyynes have been proposed as theoretical compounds to illustrate the “particle on a ring” model discussed in many quantum chemistry courses. I've looked it up on Wikipedia but there it's not ...
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How can one synthesise a conjugated alkyne chain?
Let's take the conjugated alkyne chain (e) below, taken from Wikipedia:
How would one typically go about synthesising such a conjugated chain with a series of alkyne functions?
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Synthesis of an epoxide from 1,2-diol
Why is there no formation of epoxide when the two OH-groups are on different planes? I do understand the epoxidation mechanism. However, I would be grateful if someone cleared the specific ...
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Products of the oxidation of 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane
I am having difficulty identifying the second product. Is it an ether, or a kind of epoxide? I am out of ideas on how to reach it.
However, I do have a general idea how to receive the first product, ...
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Product of this Michael addition
I'm having problems when trying to know the outcome of this reaction.
The first step must be a Michael addition of the 1,3-dicarbonyl compound to the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, followed by a ...
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How is chlorocarbene synthetised?
The wikipedia page on cyclononatetraene says that the aromatic cyclononatetraenyl anion can be synthetised by a rearangement of 9-chlorobicyclo[6.1.0]nona-2,4,6-triene.
My first idea on how to ...
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Can antimony pentafluoride be made by adding hydrogen fluoride to antimony trifluoride?
I was looking at how the strongest acid was made and I found something I did not understand. On the Wikipedia page for antimony trifluoride it shows the production of $\ce{SbF3}$ using $\ce{HF}$:
$$\...
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How to improve efficiency of the diamine synthesis from fluorescein?
In this work, fluorescein was incorporated with an equal molar of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene and double potassium carbonate (molar ratio), the solvent of this reaction is dimethylacetamide (50 ml for 5 g ...
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How would one carboxylate CBG into its acid form, CBGA?
I have a project that would require cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) as a synthase substrate, but the only available chemical I can find is cannabigerol (CBG). CBG is the product of CBGA through ...
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What is the mechanism of the reaction of ethyl prop-2-ynoate to ethyl (2Z)-2,3-dibromoprop-2-enoate?
It's really weird for the product is 99％ Z-comformation?
Please tell me why?
This reaction can be found in scifinder.
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Synthesis for turning synephrenine into N-methylphenethylamine
I am trying to devise a synthesis to change synephrine (4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol) into N-methylphenethylamine.
I was figuring that I could remove the hydroxyl group attached to the ...
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What reagents or series of reactions would allow for selective hydroxylation of an allylic methyl group outside of a ring?
Sample transformation for selective hydroxylation of an allylic methyl group outside of a ring. Selenium dioxide would not work since hydroxylation would be favored inside the ring.
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Williamson Ether and Carboxylic Acids
What would happen if you tried a Williamson Ether Synthesis on something that has both an alcohol and a carboxylic acid? Would both -OH groups be functionalized, where the alcohol would become an ...
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169 views
How to convert -OH to terminal -SH group in nucleolipids: [closed]
I am recently working on some synthesis of Nucleolipids and I want to transform $\ce{-OH}$ to terminal $\ce{S}$ group.
Can anyone help?
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What is the standard way to know the price of a chemical substance? [closed]
I've encountered many vendors with broadly varying prices for the same chemical substance, including amazon and Alibaba. I wonder if there is a standard way to know the universal/average price of a ...
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Could you form quartz crystals by melting and cooling sand very slowly?
Since glass is amorphous quartz and when you slow the cooling of something enough it will crystallize, couldn’t you melt $\ce{SiO2}$ (sand) and then very slowly cool it to cause spontaneous nucleation ...
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IrO2 (iridium oxide) synthesis [closed]
How do I synthesize $\ce{IrO2}$ from $\ce{IrCl3}$ ? Please suggest a least expensive method.
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Aldol Reaction in Water Not Working
I am conducting an Aldol formation reaction in water, and below is the experimental protocol I am following (from J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 3590—3596):
Formation of Aldol in Water using Yb(OTf)3 ...
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A broad singlet at 2.27 ppm?
I took the $\mathrm{^{1}H}$-NMR (CDCl3 solvent) of my product, 2,2-dimethoxy acetic acid. Below is what I see:
$\delta \: \pu{4.862 ppm}$ (1H), $\delta \: \pu{3.521 ppm}$ (6.78H), $\delta \: \pu{2....
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Purification of Solid Phase Synthesized Peptide
I began working in a newly setup lab, and I'm having a dilysine (K2) peptide synthesized by solid phase method. I plan to cleave the peptides from the resin with a cleavage cocktail of TFA. ...
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Synthesis of anthranilic acid
Yesterday, I performed the synthesis of anthranilic acid (also known as, 2-aminobenzoic acid. I was instructed to use the common route that is also featured on the Wikipedia page for this compound. ...
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Reagents for synthesis of ethyl 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)acetate from naphthalen-1(4H)-one
The following conversion can be performed in a few steps. Show key intermediates and reagents (detailed mechanisms are not required).
So I've been looking at this for a while and I can't seem ...
