Questions tagged [synthesis]
Synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain the desired product. Applies to long and complex natural product syntheses as much as to short one or two-step syntheses. This also covers synthetic problem sets and retrosynthetic analyses.
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Source for literature yields
I'm required to compare and justify the yields of my reactions against literature yields, but I cannot find any sources of literature yields for the reactions, or any reactions for that matter. Are ...
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How can someone in the lab synthesize n-allyl-4methyl-benzenesulfonamide from 4-toluenesulfonyl and allylamine
I am trying to figoure out the conditions and choice of solvents and catalysts in order to run this synthesis.
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1answer
57 views
TEMPO Radical Analogue
After investigating what makes the persistent radical TEMPO stable, I was wondering if another compound which is more feasible for my needs would be comparable to it.
Would oxidizing 2,2’-dimethyl-...
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1answer
48 views
Succinic anhydride esterification won't go forward
I'm trying to react succinic anhydride with a decyl alcohol to produce mono-decyl succinate. Literature and Google searches suggest that the monoesterification should proceed without catalyst. However ...
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20 views
Is it possible to add R chain that contains a carbonyl (ketone) to the alpha carbon?
I'm trying to synthesize 2‐(3‐oxobutyl)cyclohexan‐1‐one from cyclohexanone:
I thought about LDA, then adding an R group that has a ketone. Is that possible? As far as I know, we can add halogen or ...
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1answer
51 views
Electrolysis of brine solution gives sodium hydroxide , chlorine and hydrogen gas bur catner kellener cell it forms amalgam [closed]
Sodium hydroxide is generally prepared
commercially by the electrolysis of sodium
chloride in Castner-Kellner cell. A brine
solution is electrolyzed using a mercury
cathode and a carbon anode. Sodium ...
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0answers
25 views
Best way to handle phosphorus tribromide
I need to do an alcohol bromination using PBr3 and I've never done this reaction before. Reading about PBr3 I found it is water/air-sensitive and the bottle I bought doesn't have a seal. So how am I ...
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24 views
How to efficiently weight DCC (N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide)?
I have to run a reaction using N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and at room temperature, it is solid, but it's very hard to weigh. I know its melting point is around 40 degrees. Is it better to melt it ...
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32 views
How is lapping slurry made?
I've recently gained an interest in the whole topic of lapping and the creation of flat surfaces.
Lapping is done in different ways, but the one I'm interested in is essentially just rubbing 2 ...
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0answers
52 views
Mechanism of Hypervalent Iodine Phenolic Coupling
I need some help understanding the hypervalent iodine phenolic coupling reaction taking place in this synthesis of morphine, the reaction uses $\ce{PhI(OAc)2}$ as the hypervalent reagent and ...
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2answers
65 views
Why are halogens base sensitive groups (Wolff-Kishner Reduction)?
So while studying about Wolff-Kishner reduction reaction to form alkanes from carbonyl groups. I read that it is not suitable for base sensitive groups as the environment is highly basic and as an ...
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1answer
143 views
How can I synthesize 2‐amino‐3‐(chlorosulfonyl)benzoic acid from toluene or benzene?
I am trying to design a proper synthesis route for 2‐amino‐3‐(chlorosulfonyl)benzoic acid, though methyl 2‐amino‐3‐(chlorosulfonyl)benzoate—using an ester group in lieu of a carboxylic acid—would also ...
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1answer
42 views
Ring formation via oxymercuration-demercuration
I'm solving past problems from a 2014 Organic Chemistry II course (from a publicly available Harvard summer school Canvas page), when I came across this question:
The answer (which is the reactant) ...
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0answers
70 views
Does DIBAL-H reduce alcohol?
Does DIBAL-H reduce alcohol? I was reading an article by Rentsch and Kalesse [1] and I came across this reaction, but could not figure out how the final compound is formed:
Reference
Rentsch, A.; ...
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3answers
99 views
Synthesis of anhydrous sodium tungstate
I am interested in preparing an anhydrous sample of sodium tungstate (Na2WO4), which is normally found as the dihydrate. Finding an example of this in literature is proving difficult, I am interested ...
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1answer
81 views
Converting bromobenzene to 1‐bromo‐3‐methylbenzene
I started by taking $\ce{FeCl3}$ to reduce electron-giving capacity of $\ce{Br}.$ Then we need a methyl at meta, so I thought about Friedel–Crafts acylation, but then also methyl will come at para.
7
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1answer
155 views
Retro Diels–Alder reaction in synthesis of corallopyronin A
I was looking at the synthesis of corallopyronin A in the following paper by Rentsch and Kalesse: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51 (45), 11381–11384.
There is one reaction which is described as
...
2
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1answer
31 views
Synthesizing 2-bromoaniline from bromobenzene
I am trying to synthesize 2-bromoaniline from bromobenzene. I came up with a reaction path, but I want your thoughts on whether this is feasible and can produce a decent yield.
Sulfonation of ...
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1answer
52 views
Make Acetic Acid from wood
I would like to know if it would be possible to make Acetic Acid from Wood. I know that you can charcoal wood to get the gases, cool it, and get the liquid. This would yield a bunch of chemicals in a ...
5
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2answers
105 views
How to synthesize 3‐cyclopentylpropanal from (chloromethyl)cyclopentane?
I am not sure on how to start, but I think of these two possible ways:
Reacting the starting material with Grignard reagent and then oxidise the product with PCC to produce the aldehyde;
Hydrolysis ...
0
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0answers
32 views
Why use Stork enamine alkylation?
I recently learned about the Stork enamine alkylation method of adding electrophiles to the beta carboxyl position on a molecule. But I can't seem to find out why a direct synthesis is not possible (...
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0answers
34 views
Reaction analogous to burning that causes cooling rather than releasing heat [closed]
Is it physically and chemically possible to design both a gas and a solid substance, such that there would be a technologically feasible initiation of a chain reaction analogous to the spark that ...
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0answers
61 views
Why does B12H12 Borane not exist? [duplicate]
Whenever I searched "$\ce{B12H12}$ Borane", I can't seem to find anything, and get met with only the dianion of $\ce{B12H12}$. Why doesn't $\ce{B12H12}$ exist on its own?
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1answer
81 views
When writing a paper should I describe the procedure thoroughly? [closed]
I have not written any article on a chemistry subject yet, and I want to use good practices from the start.
What I have noticed reading papers, is that a lot of times it is not specified the exact ...
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1answer
104 views
How do I synthesise this tertiary amide from these 5 compounds?
So basically I'm at a loss as to how to proceed. I started with the idea of converting the primary alcohol into an aldehyde and that is where I stoped. I understand that each substituent of the ...
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0answers
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Cosmetic emulsifier
Hello and good morning!
I currently have polysorbate 80 but I am looking into buying Peg 40 hydrogenated castor oil.
I need an emulsifier in an oil to water facial cleanser. (20:80 oil to “water.” “...
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2answers
46 views
Acid boric preparation [closed]
Is there a simple reaction to yield boric acid ($\ce{H3BO3}$) from boron trifluoride ($\ce{BF3}$)?
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0answers
24 views
How concentrated does sulfuric acid need to be for nitric acid synthesis (H2SO4 + nitrate salt distillation)?
So I have a home lab setup and recently found myself in need of some nitric acid. I could just buy some, but I thought it would be a useful exercise to make my own. I have plenty of nitrate salts ...
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1answer
54 views
how is the esterification of amino acid carried on in this reaction
i was asked to synthesis this compound from this amino acid, i first alkylated the alpha carbon using enolate alkylating method then i esterficated the amino acid but i'm doubtful that my steps are ...
2
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2answers
190 views
Synthesis of Pyrene from Benzene
I know of this ring expansion reaction that can fuse a benzene ring with another benzene ring:
Performing this reaction twice gives us phenanthrene
How would one go about synthesizing pyrene from ...
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0answers
76 views
What is “activated red phosphorus”? What made it so long to be discovered?
[WP = white phosphorus ; RP = red phosphorus ; ARP = activated red phosphorus]
Tom from Extraction & Ire did a video two years ago(2018) on converting WP to RP by keeping the former in sunlight ...
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1answer
89 views
Retrosynthesis suggestion [closed]
Am I even close to solve this problem or it is a complete disaster?
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1answer
51 views
Weinreb ketone synthesis [closed]
For this problem, Can I use weinreb ketone synthesis? I found the product but not sure it is the right one
If the amide react with either R1-Mgbr or R2-Li,
then it produces the ketone?
7
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3answers
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What does washing and drying a solution mean?
After combining two solutions, a direction in a 1970s British chemistry book says to wash the new solution with a mixture of baking soda, table salt, and water. Then it says to dry it with anhydrous ...
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1answer
68 views
Why does the titanium go to the tungsten filament in the crystal bar process?
I've tried to read a report by the US atomic energy commission [1], but couldn't really find the answer, or maybe I missed it.
Why is the gaseous titanium deposited on the tungsten wire/filament ...
3
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1answer
156 views
How to synthesize 4‐[(4,4‐dimethylpentyl)oxy]‐2,2,8,8‐tetramethylnonane starting with 4,4‐dimethylpent‐1‐ene?
My attempt:
I don’t know how to add another chain. I think I probably need to react with another A molecule, but I don’t know the mechanism. Can anyone help me with this?
3
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0answers
72 views
Which amino acids can be totally synthesized? [closed]
I can't find information regarding which amino acids (say the proteinogenic ones or in general) can be totally synthesized. Is there a reference?
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0answers
23 views
Nickel(II) acetylacetonate crystals coming out blue
An experiment in my class has us synthesising the acetylacetonate complex from hydrated nickel chloride being added to a solution of ammonia, acetylacetone and water. The products came out pale blue, ...
4
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1answer
32 views
How does the position of hydroxyl group in a nucleotide monomer affect the dehydration synthesis of nucleotides?
In dehydration synthesis of nucleotides, the hydrogen atom from the 3' carbon on the deoxyribose sugar of one nucleotide reacts with the hydroxyl group on the phosphate group of another nucleotide to ...
4
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1answer
122 views
Why did ammonium chloride fumes turned pink in this synthesis?
I was watching the synthesis of tetrasulfur tetranitride performed by Tom on his Youtube channel, Explosion & fire. He followed the basic route: adding ammonia gas to sulfur chlorides ($\ce{SCl2}$ ...
9
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1answer
369 views
How are organic compounds with radioactive atoms synthesized? [closed]
We often see reactions such as these in textbooks to highlight how reaction mechanisms work:
How are the radioactive substrates required for these mechanisms synthesized in the first place? There ...
3
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1answer
105 views
Laboratory and commercial preparations of aniline other than reduction of nitroarenes [closed]
Till now I could only find one laboratory preparation of aniline, i.e. reducing nitrobenzene with $\ce{Sn}$ and concentrated $\ce{HCl}$. I'm confused if Hofmann degradation is only commercial.
I'd ...
0
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1answer
63 views
Synthesis Problem? [closed]
What I tried to do is this: Opening the epoxide using $\ce{^-OCH2CH2CH3}$.
But then I have two alcohols and I get stuck. It's possible in one way but takes more than 4 steps...
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2answers
109 views
Why did my synthesis of calcium peroxide fail? [closed]
I dissolved calcium acetate in about $\pu{80 mL}$ of water and added $\pu{30 mL}$ of 60% peroxide. I should have obtained calcium peroxide which is insoluble in water, but i saw no precipitate. I read ...
5
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3answers
381 views
Synthesing tetrahydropyran from ethylene oxide
I thought that the first step must be using a Grignard reagent to add carbons, but I need a hydroxyl group on the carbon on the other side to make it a diol and produce the product given, but nothing ...
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46 views
Synthesis question: Using reductive amination to form pyrrolidine
What molecule results from treating 4-oxopentanal with $\ce{NH4Cl}$ and $\ce{NaCNBH3}$? Why? Is this a good, high yield reaction?
I believe that pyrrolidine is formed because amination will convert ...
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31 views
Definition of throughput
I wonder what's the exact meaning of throughput in chemistry synthesis, eg. in organic synthesis or production of pharmaceutical products. For instance, what are their units? How are they measured?
I'...
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1answer
178 views
How can I synthesize phenylpiracetam from styrene or benzaldehyde?
I am trying to design a proper synthesis route for phenylpiracetam.
I am thinking a good starting material would be styrene or benzaldehyde. Here is my proposed route.
Is there a better method? ...
4
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1answer
134 views
How do I prepare 2-(3-azido-3-oxopropoxy)ethyl methacrylate from methacrylic acid?
I am having some trouble finding a proper synthesis route for the following product.
Originally, I was thinking of reacting methacrylic acid with a large excess of ethylene glycol (along with an acid ...
3
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2answers
206 views
Mechanism of conversion of Cr from FeCr2O4 (chromite)
The basic steps involved in the conversion of $\ce{FeCr2O4 -> Cr}$ involves,
$$\ce{FeCr2O4 ->[NaOH / air, \Delta] Na_2CrO4 ->[C, \Delta] CrO3 ->[Al, \Delta] Cr}$$
Basically, I'm having ...
