Questions tagged [synthesis]
Synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain the desired product. Applies to long and complex natural product syntheses as much as to short one or two-step syntheses. This also covers synthetic problem sets and retrosynthetic analyses.
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What is the mechanism of this reaction (impt to make formoterol) [closed]
forms
this is from the synthesis of formoterol
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How to synthesize lanthanum(III) chloride & Cerium(III) chloride from their oxides?
Interested in obtaining anhydrous lanthanum/cerium chlorides
$\ce{La2O3}$ / $\ce{СeO2}$ in a flow of carbon tetrachloride at 500 degrees
$\ce{La2O3}$ / $\ce{CeO2}$ with ammonium chloride when heated (...
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Choline alphoscerate polyhydrate synthesis
After reading through various sites in order to understand polyhydration or what is done to form a polyhydrate substance, I haven't been able to comprehend whether it just means water infused or if it'...
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What is the best way to deprotonate a methyl group?
I am attempting to deprotonate the methyl group on 2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-6-ol (hydroxyl group is protected with a silyl group) in order to attach a phosphate group in the form of diethyl ...
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Why will changing the solvent crack the column for column chromatography?
When we perform column chromatography with silica to purify the reaction crude product, we sometimes need to change the solvent system to better extract our target product.
For example, changing from ...
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What are the reactions between Zinc acetate dihydrate and Methoxyethanol? [closed]
I am synthesizing a sol-gel solution with Zinc acetate dihydrate + Methoxyethanol and ethanolamine as stabilizer, and I wonder what are the reactions that are taking place in the process. Could you ...
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How is NADH or NADPH produced in industrial chemical synsthesis?
I am trying to find out how NADH or NADPH are produced in bulk. These molecules are very important biologically, however, they are also sold as chemical reagents and produced in large quantities. How ...
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Cause and Prevention of Palladium Mirror in Stille Coupling
I am conducting some monomer and polymer syntheses using Stille coupling or other palladium-based coupling. I usually use the combination of $\ce{Pd_2(dba)_3}$ and $\ce{P(o-tol)_3}$ in Stille coupling,...
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How do you synthesize 1-fluoro-4-(tribromomethyl)benzene from toluene
I got this question from an o-chem II exam which kinda puzzles me a bit
My proposed path is:
which doesn't seem to be correct. Is there any other way within the knowledge of o-chem I & II?
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Why is the sp3-sp3 reductive elimination between the R1 and norbornene in the Catellani Cycle ''not favorable''?
I have recently started reading a book about C-H activation and I cannot figure out why in the Catellani reaction cycle the R1-norbornene reductive elimination side reaction which can be a major issue ...
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Synthesis of a Substituted Indane
From the starting reactants given as the sole carbon source:
We need to synthesis the following compound (we can use any inorganic reagents).
Here is what I tried so far, but I don't think it looks &...
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synthetic procedure for 1,3,4 thiadiazole from acylhydrazide [closed]
I wanted to synthesize 1,3,4 thiadiazole-2- thiol substituted to benzoic acid the reaction has to happen in such a way that the "acid hydrazide" group of benzoic acid hydrazide has to ...
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Halogenation of organic acid derivatives
Chloropicrin can be produced through the reaction of sodium hypochlorite with nitromethane. On the surface, this seems to me to proceed through a mechanism analogous to the haloform reaction, with one ...
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Can we use potassium hydroxide to decarboxylate potassium benzoate to benzene?
I know the famous reaction:
I was thinking of extension of this reaction to other salts of Benzoic Acids such as:
$$\ce{Potassium Benzoate + KOH ->[CaO,Δ] Benzene + K2CO3}$$
Is this reaction ...
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What does it mean stir at room temperature overnight? [closed]
It was mentioned in synthetic procedure to "stir at room temperature overnight".
What does this mean? (I want the exact duration for how long should I keep stirring.)
How is it possible to ...
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How can Calcium hydride be produced without 400C heat?
I have recently been reading about Calcium Hydride (CaH2), a binary Hydrogen compound. Wikipedia lists Calcium Hydride synthesis by putting hydrogen and calcium together at temperatures of 300-400 ...
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How to add any polymer to azobenzene?
I want to make a polymer by adding two polymeric substituent groups to azobenzene (I would like only N-azobenzene-N where N is a polymer and repeats). I have been reading about how they make the ...
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Does germanium(IV) chloride have to be handled under inert atmosphere?
I am finding conflicting information on the proper handling of germanium(IV) chloride. Is the liquid air/moisture sensitive? Does $\ce{GeCl4}$ have to be handled in a glove box?
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Erythritol oxidation using acidified KMnO4
I have recently experimented with erythritol oxidation my primary aim was to make glyoxal. However regarding the nature and structure of erythritol several other side-products were also observed one ...
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Is there any calcium carbonate analogue drawing carbon from dry air?
Is there a nonliving (wood does not count) substance or process that accretes a solid material by withdrawing carbon from the air, in a manner analogous to calcium carbonate being accreted from ...
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Why does Bachmann reaction differ in batch characteristics as opposed to flow characteristics
I have studied this reaction for over a year and it makes zero sense. When synthesizing HMX from Bachmann reaction, an important intermediate is DPT. DPT is formed by reaction of nitric and hexamine ...
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Synthesis and retrosynthetic analysis of dicyclohexylamine
I need to consider the retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis of dicyclohexylamine.
For the retrosynthetic analysis, I have relied on the method of disconnections, which consists in splitting the ...
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Functional groups in graphene oxide
There is already a large number of literature on graphene oxide stating that the number of epoxy groups is quite similar to the number of ethyl groups. However, I was wondering if the number of ...
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Does the metal complexing of crown ether influence its reactivity?
I am conducting a SN2 reaction experiment with 1-aza-18-crown-6 and bromide compound. I used 1 equivalent of bromide compound and 1.1 equivalent of aza crown, but in the TLC plate the aza crown spot ...
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Has anyone sysnthesized perfluorocubane (AKA octafluorocubane)?
Up until now, there have been attempts at synthesizing octafluorocubane, shown below, but success has been elusive.
Has there been any success, and how might the symmetry and fluorine's electron ...
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Mixture is eluted too early from alumina in flash column chromatography
I have recently tried to purify my reaction mixture by column chromatography. Because my reaction mixture had poor resolution in silica-based TLC, I used neutral alumina-based TLC plate. After I ...
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How to convert phenylacetic acid to 3-phenylpropionitrile?
I understand that phenylacetic acid reacts with $\ce{KSCN}$ can form phenylacetonitrile plus the side product ($\ce{CO2}$ and $\ce{KSH}$). This is Letts nitrile synthesis
However, the problem is to ...
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Does the Darzens reaction work with an alpha-chlorocarboxylic acid and an aldehyde?
Is it possible that a reaction of an alpha-chlorocarboxylic acid with an aldehyde work for the Darzens reaction to produce an epoxide (with NaOH as the base, and H3O+ workup)?
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Mechanism for reaction of beta-ketoacid with AcONa, AcOH with heat
I am unsure of how to go about designing a mechanism for the following molecule's reaction with AcONa and AcOH with heat.
I thought perhaps it may work as a cyclisation reaction, forming an ether; or ...
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Histidine-Boc deprotectection
A question on Fmoc-solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Is Boc-protected Histidine too labile? Merck's website shows Boc is labile to treatment with Piperidine. Anyone with such experience?
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Is formation of cyclic carbonate from trimethyl orthoformate and vicinal aromatic 1,2-diol possible? [closed]
Hello, my question is, "is it possible cyclic carbonate formation between trimethyl orthoformate and vicinal aromatic 1,2-diol"
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Meaning of equivalents in organic synthesis
The use of "equivalents" as used in titrations/chemical analysis is an obsolete concept except in some countries. The original meaning of equivalent weights is the weight of a compound that ...
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Recovery of precipitated polymer
I have recently newly synthesized the polymer. Based on its structure I tried to precipitate its concentrated solution in dichloromethane by dropping it into methanol. It seemed to work. The methanol ...
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Is there a heat-based alternative to photosynthesis?
I can imagine one main disadvantage of a process using sunlight to metabolize sugars would be that wherever there is little/no sun (nighttime), plants don't grow. Heat is more abundant than sunlight ...
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Question regarding AIBN in toluene
Hi guys, I am trying to perform bromination of this compound using AIBN as a radical initiator. However, it seems like AIBN is only sold commercially as 0.2 M in toluene.
Is it possible to use AIBN ...
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How to synthesize sodium metabisulfite?
I am looking for ways to produce sodium bisulfite from $\ce{SO2}$ and $\ce{NaOH}$, but sources talking about $\ce{Na2S2O5}$ is quite scarce.
Do you have any recommendations of articles, books or any ...
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How do you calculate the growth rate in colloidal synthesis?
I was reading about nucleation and growth theory in solution processing, which is partially explained by the La Mer theorem if the system is under thermodynamic equilibrium. There is a relation ...
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Why isn't formyl chloride stable? [duplicate]
I am currently studying methods of synthesising ketones and aldehydes and one of the methods is Friedel-Crafts acylation. However, my teacher told our class that we can't use this to make benzaldehyde ...
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Preventing solvent evaporation for small scale synthesis
I have been conducting an organic synthesis with quite expensive starting material, so whenever I setup the reaction I only use 0.1 g of starting material. I use 4 mL of toluene to adjust the ...
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Nylon 6,6 synthesis yield
This is the nylon 6,6 reaction
Having these data available, I would need to know the theoretical quantities, in grams, of the monomers
My attempt:
Adipoyl chloride is our limiting reactant so ...
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Buchwald-Hartwig coupling troubleshooting
I am conducting a synthesis using below scheme.
And Below is some information about my reaction history.
The basic condition is 1 eq of 1-aza-18-crown-6, 1.4 eq of 3-bromothiophene, 1 mol% of ...
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How to synthesize anhydrous zinc(II) nitrate?
I'm interested in making anhydrous zinc nitrate. I know it decomposes fairly rapidly if you heat it. It is also soluble in ethanol.
Would another desiccant or a molecular sieve do the trick? Or maybe ...
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Converting benzaldehyde to benzophenone in no more than two steps
This is a question from my book, as stated in the title:
How will you convert benzaldehyde to benzophenone in no more than two steps?
I can do it in three steps - first using $\ce{PhMgBr}$ on ...
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Can I synthesize 4-aminophenol and/or acetic anhydride at home? [closed]
I am going to try to synthesize acetaminophen as a possible science fair project, or just for fun, but doing it with precursors to the precursors of it might be more fun for myself then just using the ...
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Reduction of unsymmetrical ketones using BINAL-H (Enantioselectivity)
I am struggling with a problem regarding the enantioselectivity of BINAL-H for quite some time now.
The reaction scheme shows the reaction with (S)-BINAL-H as it is observed plus the transition state ...
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Has tellurium(II) iodide been properly characterized ever?
According to Wikipedia, tellurium tetraiodide decomposes on heating:
$$\ce{TeI4 ->[\Delta] TeI2 + I2}$$
However, the reaction is somewhat wrong as according to this 2008 paper:
Solid tellurium ...
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Amides from carboxylic acid and ammonia?
Would it be possible to synthesize amide by simply reacting carboxylic acid with ammonia and then driving off water at higher temperatures? Or would ammonia be also driven off in the process?
Google ...
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Partial reduction of anthraquinone to anthrone using stannous chloride?
I've heard of using $\ce{SnCl2}$ in the Stephen's reaction where you reduce a nitrile down to an aldehyde. I've come across a laboratory manual that discusses using tin in the partial reduction of ...
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Does the halogenation of an alkane also produce haloalkanes of a longer chain length?
Take a typical halogenation of an alkane reaction (the bromination of methane).
$$\ce{Br_2->Br· + Br· (in the presence of UV light)} $$
$$\ce{Br· + CH4->·CH3 + HBr} $$
One of the possible ...
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Can all 20 H atoms of pentagonal dodecahedrane be substituted with high yield and a wide range of substituents? What limits full substitution?
I first came across dodecahedrane in comments below What dodecahedral molecule is Linus Pauling likely holding in this photograph? Does it have 40 carbon atoms?
Wikipedia's Dodecahedrane; Derivatives; ...
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