Questions tagged [synthesis]
Synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain the desired product. Applies to long and complex natural product syntheses as much as to short one or two-step syntheses. This also covers synthetic problem sets and retrosynthetic analyses.
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ICHO Synthesis Problem 2018
I've several doubts about this ICHO synthesis problem, which was a part of the preparatory problem package of 2018 (so yes, it's not a part of an ongoing contest)
Before sharing the answer given, I'...
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2answers
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Cis Orientation of dienophiles orientation of groups maintained in Diels Alder
When I was reading about Diels-Alder reactions, I was confused about the cis and trans rules for dienophiles, as shown below.
The text told me that "a cis dienophile will generate a ring with cis ...
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0answers
18 views
Carrying on a stereospecific 1,4 conjugate addition on a terminal alkyne
I am looking for a way to attack a propiolate ester with a triazole and get the Z isomer of the resulting acrylate selectively. All literature survey can come up with is big nitrogen containing ...
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0answers
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How i can make an animated organic reaction mechanism?
I'm wondering if there is a software that helps to make an animated organic mechanism and show how arrows go.
It would be clearer in visualizations.
0
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1answer
62 views
questions about the synthesis of iodobenzene from aniline
I am conducting an experiment about synthesis of iodobenzene from aniline, referring to this site(and various sites) (http://www.prepchem.com/synthesis-of-iodobenzene/). Below is my experimental ...
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1answer
24 views
Can you make imines from Formaldehyde or Acetaldehyde?
Title says it all. Wondering if imine formation would work with an aldehyde, even better would be formaldehyde.
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49 views
Reaction between Salicylaldehyde and 2-Benzoylpyridine
In a paper by Sheng et al (10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.07.036) the authors synthesize the compound MZC as shown in the scheme below.
I'm looking for information about what the reaction mechanism is that ...
0
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1answer
56 views
How to remove MEHQ from Methacrylic acid monomer without reduced pressure distillation?
I am aware that the standard way to remove MEHQ from Methacrylic Acid is to perform reduced pressure distillation. The papers I see suggest using ~ 10 Torr pressure to perform distillation. Sandler's ...
2
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1answer
45 views
Can thiols be created using a Grignard reagent?
I'm trying to find information on the synthesis of thiols via Grignard reagents. While looking at the synthesis routes on Wikipedia, it said that a Grignard reagent will react with sulphur to form ...
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0answers
94 views
Converting phenol to para-nitrophenol via nitrosophenol
Our class 12 text book says that if we treat phenol with mixture of concentrated $\ce HNO_3$ and $\ce H_2SO_4$, instead of nitration, the ring is oxidized to quinone.
So, the book proposes that we ...
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1answer
37 views
Synthesis of 3-(2-oxocyclohexyl)propanenitrile
Does this seem correct?
The point is to draw the mechanisnm of which 3-(2-oxocyclohexyl)propanenitrile is synthesized from 1-(cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyrrolidine.
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1answer
36 views
Formation of (Gamma) Methylparaconic acid
I came across this question recently,
I tried to devise a mechanism but I'm struck here,
My try -
Moreover, I think my mechanism is somewhat inefficient because of formation of some byproducts, ...
1
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1answer
100 views
Why is ethanol distilled off before adding water?
I am doing a malonic synthesis shown below, and I wonder why I should distill ethanol off before adding water in the first step of the reaction (First I add absolute ethanol and solid sodium).
0
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1answer
83 views
How to predict ease of oxidation or reduction for a given oxidising or reducing agent? [closed]
I have never understood which agent will be able to oxidize or reduce which type of reactants and yield which type of products will be formed. For example I want to know about DIBAL-H and how is it ...
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1answer
44 views
Predicting products of a reaction and balancing [closed]
2BiOCl + NaOH = BiOH + NaCl.
This is the reaction where I am trying to get Bismuth Hydroxide as one product and salt. My problem is what is the state of Bismuth Hydroxide? Whether it is BiOH or Bi (OH)...
6
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2answers
265 views
Conversion of oxalic acid to malonic acid
The reagents I have used here are $\ce{LiAlH_4}$ which reduces the carboxylic groups into alcohol.Used $\ce{HIO_4}$ which breaks up the molecule into methanal. Then I applied Grignard reagent which ...
0
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1answer
125 views
Synthesis of 1-methylcyclopentene from cyclopentene
I have to put a methyl group on a cyclopentene. My teacher made this solution (the picture). But my first guess was just to use $\ce{CH3Cl}$ and $\ce{AlCl3}$. Why can't you do that?
3
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1answer
172 views
Ortho vs para alkylation of chlorobenzene
I have a question to the solution regarding the product formed in a reaction with chlorobenzene with the use of (i) $\ce{CH3CH2Cl}$ and (ii)$ \ce{AlCl3}$. Since the -Cl substituent is ortho- para-...
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0answers
645 views
P2NP synthesis ammonium acetate catalyst?
I am going to try to prepare some P2NP from benzaldehyde and nitroethane following this procedure:
The aldehyde (5g), 5 ml. of the nitroalkane, and 2g of ammonium acetate were added to 20 ml of ...
1
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1answer
42 views
Sephadex and purification of products [closed]
Sephadex is useful for the separation and purification of many natural products.
Is it also useful for the separation and purification of artificial chemicals (in organic synthesis ) or not and why ?
3
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1answer
131 views
Malic acid 3-step synthesis
I was quite puzzled by the answer for this question in my Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives tutorial question set. It is question 6 (a), on the synthesis of malic acid, as shown in the image below.
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1answer
270 views
What happens to the methanol formed by the hydrolysis of methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (oil of wintergreen) when synthesising salicylic acid?
Here are the reaction equations for reference (you may recognise this as a preliminary step for the synthesis of aspirin).
Steps for synthesis of salicylic acid:
1) methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate + sodium ...
0
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0answers
61 views
What is the blue ppt I got from reacting sodium bicarbonate with copper II sulfate?
I planned to synthesise basic copper carbonate but instead obtained a blue ppt.
The steps in this synthesis were to pour aqueous sodium bicarbonate into heated aqueous copper II sulfate with constant ...
1
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1answer
273 views
How to acid-wash sand?
I need some acid-washed sand to smooth out boiling in diethyl ether synthesis. I aready have pre-washed sand for general filtration purposes, but it is not labeled as acid-washed.
Unfortunately, I ...
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0answers
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How to incease the yield of dialkyl carbonate synthesis reaction?
Long story short, I'm working on the synthesis of dialkyl carbonate subtances based on fatty alcohol (octadecyl alcohol to be specific) and dimethyl carbonate, with n-butyltin oxide as catalyst.
As ...
0
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0answers
26 views
Does magnetite form from iron and oxygen at 650C?
I made some $\ce{KCN}$ from potassium ferrocyanide, $\ce{K2CO3}$ and 1 mole carbon. After cooling I added hot 2% $\ce{NaOH}$ to dissolve the $\ce{KCN}$ and filtered the iron.However when dry this ...
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1answer
172 views
Evaporation of concentrated formic acid and semi-concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature
I recently looked at a reaction where CO is synthesized using formic acid and sulfuric acid, which seems to be one of the easier to control reactions for this, and obviously ventilation etc is ...
6
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0answers
126 views
How can I solve this synthesis?
I have this task to do:
My solution:
Is that possible? Can you please help me with the steps 2 and 3?
This is what I did, but my teacher told me I should make the diketone (compound no. 5) from ...
4
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2answers
355 views
If acyl chlorides are reacted with aqueous ammonia, will carboxylic acids also be formed?
As part of my A-level chemistry course, I have been taught that an acyl chloride will react violently with water to produce a carboxylic acid and hydrochloric acid. I have also been taught that an ...
16
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1answer
372 views
Understanding the synthesis of twistane [closed]
What are the products P and Q?
This was a question in my test series, but I don't have any experience with bridge head compound regarding the cis and trans transformation. I need help understanding ...
0
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1answer
80 views
In a two electrode system, is the applied current density referring to just the working electrode or to the auxiliary electrode as well?
I'm doing an experiment electrosynthesizing a polymer using a two electrode cell and it says to do it under 0.5 mA/cm^2. However, I am unsure if that means 0.5 mA per square centimeter of surface area ...
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1answer
86 views
Methylnitrobenzene ring formation Synthetic Route
I know the malonic ester is probably used to make propanoic acid or some carboxylic acid, and then joined to the methylnitrobenzene. But I just can't figure out what glues to the methyl. I know the ...
5
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1answer
54 views
Bridged ring system reduction through Wolf Kisher: Is it possible?
Is it possible for a ketone like this to undergo the Wolf Kishner mechanism? If so, what would be the product? It seems unlikely to me as disrupting the stable equitorial carbonyl seems unfavorable......
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1answer
54 views
How to synthesize tetrabutyl titanate from titanium dioxide powder?
How do you synthesize tetrabutyl titanate $(\ce{[CH3(CH2)3O]4Ti})$ from titanium dioxide ($\ce{TiO2}$) powder? As I know, we can get $\ce{TiO2}$ from tetrabutyl titanate, but how can we do the ...
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0answers
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Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution in ring with 4 Substituents
Does the chlorine still get substituted by OH in this case?
I was also wondering, if it does get substituted, does anything happen between the ethanol substituent and the phenol -OH? I'm suspecting ...
0
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2answers
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HCl/H2O with alkene: Which one reacts?
I think that the initial step forms a tertiary amine, which then in the presence of the ketone and trace acid undergoes nucleophilic addition. But then, for the $\ce{HCl/H2O}$ in the last step, which ...
3
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4answers
86 views
Chlorinating specifically one carbon on a symmetrical alcohol
The final target molecule is 1-chloro-2-amino propane.
The amination step would be simple via reductive amination of 1-chloro-iso-propanone.
Obtaining 1-chloro-iso-propanone would be from ...
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1answer
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biodiesel synthesis
I want to do the synthesis of biodiesel with the cooking oil ( it contains colza and sunflower) in ethanol and KOH. After 1 hour of reaction, I let the solution to rest for3 days.
At this stage, I ...
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1answer
248 views
Indigo synthesis from anthranilic acid [closed]
I am going to perform the synthesis of indigo via Heumann's methods which uses anthranilic or aniline as a starting materials.
I am looking for the indigo synthesis procedure which includes all ...
5
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2answers
243 views
Producing sulphur dioxide for using in a reaction
I am doing an investigatory project on studying the coloured reactions of d-block and f-block elements. I have included two reactions that require sulphur dioxide as a part of my study.
$$\ce{5SO2 ...
3
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0answers
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N,N-Dimethyl-2-(indol-3-yl)glyoxylamide from indole
I would like to know how to obtain the following molecule, whose technical name should be something like N,N-dimethylindol-3-ylglyoxylamide (let's call it DMIG for short)
One of the constraints being ...
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1answer
50 views
Enthalpy of formaton [closed]
today I was doing a set of HW problems regarding enthalpy and stumble upon one problem that I found confusing.It was the standard enthalpy of formation for CaCO3 is -1207.6 kJ mol when 30.7 g of ...
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0answers
34 views
How to start learning computational chemistry , and link it with organic chemistry? [duplicate]
I'm a post-graduate chemistry student, and am thinking about studying organic chemistry.
In my country the are only two paths: synthesis or natural products. I'm trying to find a junction between ...
3
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3answers
180 views
Conversion from t-butanol to alkene
How can I accomplish the above conversion?
My thoughts:
One way of introducing the double bond, would be using the appropriate Grignard Reagent after oxidation of t-butanol (somehow)
I think that ...
3
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0answers
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Substitution of a cyclic diether by a halogen
I’m in an organic synthesis class and I have to draw a mechanism for the reaction in the picture. At first I thought it was just forming a free radical but I haven’t been able to find any way to do ...
2
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0answers
620 views
Why is Red Phosphorous used in the Nagai Method? [duplicate]
The most common method of producing Dextromethamphetamine (Crystal Meth) is supposedly the Nagai Method, where Pseudoephedrine, Hydriodic acid and Red Phosphorous are refluxed overnight, producing a ...
2
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1answer
146 views
Is there a way to determine if a compound is oxygen or water sensitive?
The synthesis of $\ce{CoH[P(OPh)3]4}$ requires the use of an inert atmosphere e.g. nitrogen as the compound is air-sensitive. Is there any way to tell whether it is the oxygen or water vapour in the ...
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0answers
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What are the ways to abiogenically synthetesize Uric acid? [duplicate]
The only link I could find was, but I couldn't find it anywhere:
Horbaczewski, Johann (1882). "Synthese der Harnsäure" [Synthesis of uric acid]. Monatshefte für Chemie und verwandte Teile anderer ...
2
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1answer
134 views
Synthesis of Hydrogen Fluoride
At almost 300°C, $\ce{CaF2}$ reacts with sulfuric acid and this reaction produces $\ce{HF}$. Is there any way to make a relatively dilute (10-20%) hydrofluoric acid with $\ce{CaF2}$ as the source of ...
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1answer
321 views
Decarboxylation of alpha-amino acids to amines [closed]
In this reaction, what are the ideal circumstances?
Which base would be a great choice?
How much time does it take for tryptophan to fully decarboxylate?
What is the ideal temperature for this type ...
