Questions tagged [solutions]
This tag should be applied to questions dealing with solutions of any kind. A solution is a liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance where, for convenience, one (or more) substance(s) called the solvent is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes. If water is the solvent, then the more appropriate 'aqueous-solution' tag should (also) be specified.
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Molecular weight determination from freezing point depression
Which is the better solvent for molar mass determinations by freezing point depression, benzene or cyclohexane?
Which is the better method for molar mass determination, freezing point depression or ...
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Effect of pressure on solubility of salts
The volume of certain saturated solution is greater than the sum of the volumes of the water and salt from which it is made. On increasing pressure solubility of this salt
(a) Increases
(b) Decreases
(...
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Weak base titrated with a strong acid
If you have a weak base XOH titrated with a strong monotonic acid, where do you start with that? Would you first have the base react with water and break up and determine how much of it does? Or just ...
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How do I solve for Ksp
The problem gives that the solubility of Silver dichromate is $8.3\times10^{-3} g/100mL$. I need to find $K_{sp}$ which is supposed to be $2.8\times10^{-11}$.
$K_{sp}$ is $\ce{[Ag+]^2[Cr2O7^{2-}]}$
...
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Ionic equilibrium equation [closed]
What form is the ionic equalibrium equation? I have problem asking for it, but I'be done so many different equalibrium equations that I'm starting to get mixed up on which one is called what... Which ...
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How to prevent Tin ions from precipitating as Tin(II,IV) Hydroxides
Alright, so Tin ions in most of it's salts have the propensity to form Tin(II,IV) Hydroxides and then precipitating out of aqueous solutions. What can I throw in the solutions to prevent this? Using ...
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Finding new pH after NaOH added to buffer solution
I have a buffer containing 0.2 M of the acid $\ce{HA}$, and 0.15 M of its conjugate base $\ce{A-}$, with a pH of 3.35. I need to find the pH after 0.0015 mol of $\ce{NaOH}$ is added to 0.5 L of the ...
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Solubility determination of Ca(OH)₂ in water
In one problem it's asking me to find the solubility of $\ce{Ca(OH)2}$ in water. In that problem it assumes the starting concentration $\ce{OH}$ to be zero. But for other problems like $\ce{BaSO4}$ in ...
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How it is possible to make Aqua Regia in the lab?
How to make "Aqua Regia" in the lab conditions? Which lab equipment must be used?
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the chemical mechanism for deviations from Raoult's law
Mixtures of ethanol and acetone have vapor pressures that are higher than predicted by Raoult's law, while mixtures of acetone and water have lower vapor pressures than predicted by Raoult's law. Why ...
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Could I settile for galvanized steel over stainless for salt corrosion resistance?
Bear with me, I'll get to the chemistry soon.
I have a float tank that I want to attach a skimmer to. Unfortunately, the enclosure is weakened by cutting a hole out of the ABS plastic. The weight ...
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Mixing Different Solutions with Different Wavelengths to Get Different Colors?
I recently was told that the reason you can mix colors (blue and yellow make green because wavelengths 605nm + 450nm = green) was based on wavelength (which seems very obvious when you think about it ...
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Dilution terminology
For thing like 8× dilution, that would be like 1 ml of a solution and then 7 ml of something like water to dilute right? Would 50 ml solution and 50 ml water be a 2× dilution? I’m a bit unsure about ...
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Ksp of calcium hydroxide [closed]
What would the Ksp of calcium hydroxide be at around room temp (66 Fahrenheit) and 1 atm of pressure? I know the Ksp value varies with temperature, but is there a notable difference from 20 degrees C ...
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Microorganism preventative solution safe for using on a roof and will last in the sun
Information is scarce in the roof cleaning industry and the big guys are making a killing selling chemicals that are harmful to the person using it and everything around the home. I would like to find ...
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Solve this mole fraction calculation with incomplete information
I am currently trying to solve a problem that seems quite simple at the beginning but the complexity reveals itself soon thereafter. The problem is the following:
You mix a known mass of water ...
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How do I utilize Henry's Law Constant?
I have tried for several hours to answer this question with no luck. I believe I may be missing a couple of steps or I am not utilizing the given information properly. Nonetheless, some guidance will ...
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What is hard and soft water and how does the process of dissolution work?
This is a very basic question about solubility, especially solution of table salt in water and solution of sugar in water. I have heard about terms like hard water, soft water, filtering of water to ...
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Why does the potential difference of a current drop, when silver nitrate is added to deionised water?
Semi-related to Why do some salt ions in solution conduct electricity better than others?
After conducting more experiments, using deionised water as an analyte only, I found the potential difference ...
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Are all solutions of weak acid/bases buffers?
I am having a difficult time understanding what makes a buffer a buffer.
Buffers in my textbook are defined as a solution of a weak acid or base and their conjugate acid/base. So if I were to just ...
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Can you find the mass of solvent with mass of solute, volume of solution, and solution density?
If you have, for example, $\pu{10 g}$ of a solute dissolved into $\pu{100 ml}$ of a solution, and the solution density is $\pu{1.5 g ml^-1}$, can you just multiply $100\ \mathrm{ml} \times 1.5\ \...
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Solubility of gold salt solution?
I was wondering what salts of gold are soluble and which are insoluble. From what I understand, silver is soluble as silver nitrate but insoluble as most other common salts like chlorides and ...
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Does the speed of an ion affect the current that can flow through a solution?
Typically, when a cathode and anode are inserted into a solution that allows current to flow, the ions are moving with a certain kinetic energy.
If the ions were to gain kinetic energy (through ...
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Formation of sulfur colloids
What happens when we pass sulfur vapors through cold water? What is the reaction for it? Which type is colloid is this? And why doesn't it form in hot or lukewarm water
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Is there an example of an opaque solution which can be made transparent by adding another solute, such that no chemical reaction occurs?
I am further interested in knowing exactly what the requirements are for a liquid to be transparent.
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Why do some salt ions in solution conduct electricity better than others?
My experiment involves a potentiometric titration, and I have used $\ce{AgNO3}$ as a titrant and KCl/KI/deionised water only as an analyte.
In the image below of my data, the potential difference as ...
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White of an egg
What happens when you dissolve white of an egg in water?
Firstly, what's white of an egg? Is it the white part? Or implies whole of an egg? I couldn't relate much of it with colloids, either.
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Concentration uncertainty due to volume measurement with cylinder
(All volumes were measured using a measuring cylinder which has a $\pm\pu{0.5 cm3}$ uncertainty)
You have a $\pu{50 cm3}$ of $\pu{0.5 M}$ solution to begin with
You then make a $\pu{0.4 M}$ ...
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Polyprotic acids and bases
I just have a question on how you handle polyprotic bases.
Question:
Show how oxalate ion can be a polyprotic base
My answer:
My question is whether we stop doing the reaction until the oxalate ion ...
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Order of molecular mass of solvent; given boiling point [closed]
Given three solvents X, Y, Z. Order of boiling point of pure solvent X < Y < Z and same order of molal elevation constant ($K_\mathrm{b}$). Find the order of molecular mass.
So I got this ...
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What is the difference between IPA and Ethanol in terms of solubility?
I have read an article online that says that ethanol could be used in a solvent extraction of two solids, but it also says that isopropyl alcohol could also be used, but must be used in higher ...
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Why does the Born equation give the Gibbs free energy of solvation rather than enthalpy of solvation?
The Born equation gives the difference in energy required to charge a particle in a vacuum and in solution which results in the work required to transfer an ion from a vacuum into solution. It is ...
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How does volume contraction in solvent mixing work?
I recall seeing chemistry demonstrations where a significant amount of a solute is dissolved in a solvent and the solution volume barely changes. Questions regarding this:
1) How is this possible?
2)...
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Can there be more solvent in a solute?
Something I know that leads to this question:
Water dissolved in ethanol.
It might sounds weird to say water as a solute. Textbooks always says that solvent is the one present in larger quantity. ...
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Should the volume of a solute be factored into the volume of a solvent when preparing a substance of a certain molarity?
Upon being asked to prepare a solution of a given molarity from a solution with high concentration I was confused whether or not I should factor in the volume taken from the high concentration ...
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What causes the lowering of vapour pressure in volatile/nonvolatile solvent mixtures?
"Based on Figure 13.18, you might think that the reason volatile solvent molecules in a solution are less likely to escape to the gas phase, compared to the pure solvent, is that the solute molecules ...
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Why do some substances ionize instead of dissolving in water?
My question can also be understood as
what make something electrolyte or nonelectrolyte?
I think this question stems mainly from my confusion with the definitions of ionizing and dissolving.
...
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Why do acids usually completely react with bases?
When a neutralisation reaction happens, for example, $ \pu{100 mol l^-1}$ of $\ce{HCl}$ with $\pu{100 mol l^-1}$ $\ce{NH_3}$, why does all of the base and acid get converted to salt? Why isn't there ...
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Can fully-hydrogenated oils be mixed with unsaturated oils for use in food (margarines, etc)?
Would it be feasible to mix fully hydrogenated oils with unsaturated oils (eg. soybean oil) to create an edible fat with the consistency of margarine?
If so, what is the motivation for ...
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Does concentration of salt increase or decrease rate of rusting?
I want to know whether increasing the concentration of salt, specifically $\ce{NaCl}$, increases or decreases the rate of rusting. There are conflicting theories that explain opposite outcomes:
...
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Why is water "the universal" solvent?
This is an old question that our textbook tried to answer but worsened the situation.
Many things are soluble in water. So many, that studying solutions will always require studying aqueous ones. It ...
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Why do some solid chemicals dissolve better in colder water?
I just discovered that some solid chemicals, such as $\ce{Na2SO4}$, dissolve better in cold water than hot water from here and would like to know if there is any particular reason as to why. Is it ...
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Where does the Fe(III) ion go?
Iron(II) sulphate solution is added to a test-tube. Following this, potassium manganate solution is added gradually to the test-tube as well. The observation seen is that the green solution turns pink ...
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how protons(H+) react with matter and cause the solution to be acid?
For example if my hands were put in a HCl solution how does the protons in the solution which in high amounts will interfere/react with my hand(skin->proteins..) and cause it to burn...or how protons ...
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How to derive the energy of solvation equation?
The work done as a ion is solvated is given by: $-z^2e^2/8\pi\epsilon r$ but since the top line can be written $Q^2$, for simplicity I will say the equation is $-Q^2/8\pi\epsilon r$. Is this derived ...
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Why is the maximal percent concentration of acids similar to their molar mass
Why is the usual percent concentration of a concentrated acid's solution similar to its molar mass?
For example:
...
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Aqueous Chemistry: Ranking Ion Concentration
I am trying to rank the concentration of $\ce{PO4^3-}$, $\ce{NO3^-}$, and $\ce{Na+}$ that remain in a reaction. The reaction occurs when 100mL of 1.0M $\ce{Na3PO4}$ solution is mixed with 100mL of 1....
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How to determine the composition for a sucrose/ zinc nitrate solution from its freezing point?
A $4~\mathrm{g}$ mixture of sucrose ($\ce{C12H22O11}$) and zinc nitrate ($\ce{Zn(NO3)2}$) is dissolved in $150~\mathrm{g}$ of water. If the resulting solution freezes at $-0.768~^\circ\mathrm{C}$, ...
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Applying the Solubility Guidelines is AgClO4 soluble or insoluble?
The book I am using is "General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications
by Ralph H. Petrucci. On page 158 the Solubility Guidelines for Common Ionic Solids is given. Rule 3 states that, "Salts ...
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What chemical substance is obtained by dissolving C60 in olive oil?
What chemical substance/component would be obtained of dissolving $\ce{C60}$ in olive oil? Would buckminsterfullerene (bucky-ball) change its spherical fullerene structure (soccer ball-like) into ...
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