Questions tagged [solid-state-chemistry]
Study of chemical species that are in solid phase, either in cases of their properties, or about ways of synthesizing them.
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What kind of polymeric anions can be made of boron and sulfur?
Boron sulfide is polymeric. What happens to that structure if another sulfide (or multiple sulfides) is added? Is it always going to make a compound with small thioborate (not sure if this is the ...
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Miller indexing for single crystal and powder diffraction data
About the assignment of $\{hkl\}$ indexes to a set of diffraction data I usually find this kind of statements but never too much detailed:
a diffractogram of a powder sample can be indexed ...
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Output of a Diffractometer
Working with a single crystal, what is the first thing the diffractometer has access to?
What is the output I see and what are the steps from this two levels of information?
If I'm correct, the output ...
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Space group P4nc
I'm trying to understand space group diagrams and I have basics of symmorphic and non-symmorphic space groups and matrix calculation.
I don't know how to interpret the c in third place. How can I ...
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Bond lengths of M-CH2 vs M-O
Are there any known (ionic) solid structures with an anion site occupied by either $\ce{O^2-}$ or $\ce{(CH2)^2-}$ ?
If the answer is "yes", I'd like to know which anion forms shorter bond to ...
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Does zinc form any sulfosalts that are not reactive to chromium?
If extremely fine chromium powder is made in a ball mill under inert gas atmosphere, is it possible that adding a sulfosalt of zinc to this process yields a mix of these powders without reaction with ...
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Why ABO3-type oxide perovskites are so stable?
"ABO3-type oxide perovskites are characterized by high structural stability, which makes it possible to dope them in a relatively wide range of dopant concentrations." What really causes ...
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Why MgB2 is superconductor and AlB2 not?
MgB2 and AlB2 crystallize in a hexagonal system in the structure shown below. The lattice constants c are 0.352 and 0.325 nm, respectively. MgB2 is a superconductor and AlB2 is a semiconductor. What ...
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Why ionic compounds don't usually crystalize in zinc blende structure?
Why ionic compounds (I mean the character of bonding) don't usually crystallize in zinc blende structure, but covalent ones do, even if it is not expected from the radius of atoms?
For instance AgI ...
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Why we seldon use Fermi Surfaces to explain chemical behaviour? [closed]
Chemistry basically involves studying the behavior of electrons in atoms and their consequences. Solid-state physicists deeply study Fermi surfaces, analyzing the three-dimensional behavior of atoms. ...
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Can alkaline earth chalcogenides be doped with halogens for conductivity?
Which salts, of all the binary alkaline earth chalcogenides with a 'rock-salt' structure, can be doped with halogen anions replacing some of the chalcogen, without destroying the lattice? (That is not ...
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Average electronegativity difference in ternary compounds
Villars and Hulliger [1, p. 300] define the average electronegativity difference of a ternary compound $\ce{A_xB_yC_z}$ as follows:
$$\bar{\Delta\chi} = 2x(\chi_\ce{A} - \chi_\ce{B}) + 2x(\chi_\ce{A} ...
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Distance between 2 layers of graphite
We were required to find the distance between two graphene layers of a graphite structure. We were given the atomic radius of carbon as $r_c$ and the bond length was to be considered equal to double ...
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How to Derive the Born-Mayer Equation?
Born-Mayer Equation: $E_{P,min}=-A\frac{N_A|z_1z_2|e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0d}(1-\frac{d^*}{d})$
Here is where I have gotten:
$$
E_P=-A\frac{N_A|z_1z_2|e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0d}, E_P^*=N_AC'e^{-d/d^*}\\
$$...
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Are there materials harder than diamond at high pressure?
It is well known that hardness and Young's modulus can change as a function of pressure. Are there any chemical substances that under sufficiently high pressure exceed the hardness of diamonds at the ...
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Is the difference between cubic and hexagonal diamond structure in 2 dimensions or 3 dimensions?
I was reading the book Solid State Physics by Charles Kittel. It was explained that the difference between Cubic F or FCC and the Hexagonal Closed Packed structure or the HCP was as follows -
(Please ...
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Does chromium chromate — Cr₂(CrO₄)₃ — exist?
Is it possible to synthesise chromium(III) chromate/dichromate? The intended formulas are $\ce{Cr2(CrO4)3}$ and $\ce{Cr2(Cr2O7)3}$ and they feature both trivalent and hexavalent chromium. However, ...
user144956
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Ideal Chi-squared for X-ray pattern Le Bail fit
I have made a potentially novel solid state phase. I know the general parameters it should have, and have been trying to Le Bail fit XRD data about this phase prior to a synchrotron run in May. I have ...
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NaOH etching time and temperature for Stainless Steels (SS-304) for Surface Preparation for coating
To improve adhesion of TiO2 coatings on stainless steel sample I am treating SS-304 with 1M NaOH for functionalizing the surface with metal hydroxide groups as well as increasing roughness. What would ...
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Chemistry of Rutile, CdCl2 and CdI2
During lectures, we were told that 3d transition metal fluorides generally prefer a rutile structure. Chlorides prefer a $\ce{CdCl2}$ structure where $\ce{Cl-}$ adopt a CCP lattice and the metal ...
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"Fireblob" in KO₂ and PCl₅ reaction
The reaction between $\ce{KO2(s)}$ and $\ce{PCl5(s)}$ leads to the strange formation of a black "fireblob" which eventually turns orange.
This is demonstrated in this YouTube video (...
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Does CsBr have BCC lattice or cubic?
Everywhere I see on the internet, it says BCC, but my professor still says "it is cubic lattice, no matter which book/website might tell you otherwise".
The argument was that for deciding ...
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Band structure of solids in general
As my last question (Semiconductors and their electronic bands) was badly structured, I decided to elaborate my questions a bit.
As I now know, every solid/liquid forms a band structure, so all ...
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Can any compound form into an amorphous solid?
I am curious whether it is possible or not to make any solution of a specific compound into a crystal lattice or into an amorphous solid? I know that crystals form under specific conditions but seem ...
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Are there tenebrescent minerals like KCl, but ideally resettable with UV/IR?
Is there a ‘simple’ mineral that is tenebrescent (getting reversibly darker on irradiation), but is resettable with UV or IR?
Hackmanite, spodumene and tugtupite (Wikipedia examples for tenebrescence) ...
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Number of particles at a distance of √11 (a/2) from a single particle in a body centered cubic lattice
Take a particle on BCC lattice and from that we have to find number of particles at a distance of $\displaystyle \sqrt{11} \cdot \frac{a}{2}$ (where a is side length of cube). For this, the answer ...
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Why is there a point of orbits along with quantization in case of energy gaps?
As per my textbook and online sources. The definition of Energy bands I have found is this:
A) Energy levels:
( In a simplified view of an electronic structure of a single atom or isolated molecule.
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Why is silver(I) phosphate so unexpectedly thermally stable?
Silver(I) oxide is completely decomposed in air already at $\pu{300 °C}.$
Formulate the decomposition reaction and the corresponding mass action expression.
$\ce{Ag3PO4}$ can be melted at $\pu{800°C}$ ...
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Do molecular orbitals in metals form bands like in wave interference? [closed]
For bond that's formed between two identical atoms, I naively understand that one molecular orbital is a bonding orbital and the other is an antibonding one, and I believe they have to do with the ...
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Why does KCl have FCC structure instead of BCC?
I have this table here.
\begin{array} {|r|r|}\hline \text{Radius Ratio} & \text{Coordination number} & \text{Type of Void} \\ \hline <0.155 & 2 & \text{Linear} \\ \hline 0.155-0....
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How to express the lattice parameter of NaCl in terms of ionic radii? [closed]
In the $\ce{NaCl}$ lattice, $\ce{Cl^-}$ takes the FCC configuration, and all the voids at the edge and body center are filled by $\ce{Na^+}.$ So, do we calculate the edge length of unit cell $a$ as
$$...
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Does thorium(IV) oxide has a "fluorite" like structure? [closed]
The fluorite structure shows 8:4 coordination. Which of the following solutions has fluorite-like lattices?
$\ce{CaF2}$
$\ce{SrCl2}$
$\ce{BaF2}$
$\ce{ThO2}$?
My book tells me only $\ce{CaF2}$, $\ce{...
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Drying Li2CO3 without vaccum
I am looking for drying Li2CO3 without a vacuum oven, simply because we do not have one.
I did not find anything in the literature, or I am overthinking it? Just 100 °C overnight in a normal oven, and ...
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Are the density of states of bonding and the corresponding antibonding states complementary?
As for the bonding and the corresponding antibonding molecular orbitals formed between two types of atomic orbitals, are their density of states (DOS) complementary? This means if the DOS of the ...
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Why are certain lattices compatible with only certain point groups and not all point groups?
I will limit this discussion to 2 dimensions for ease of intuition. My understanding of the 17 crystallographic plane groups is that these 17 groups represent all the possible symmetry groups of any ...
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Crystal structures exhibiting dimeric arrangement of tetrahedrally coordinated cations
I am looking for inorganic crystal structures that exhibit tetrahedrally coordinated cations arranged in a vertex-sharing dimer arrangement, where the cation - shared vertex - cation angle is close to ...
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What is the inconsistency in calculating the differences in Na2O and NaOH in solids (v2)?
(Note that this question has been fully edited for clarity, SE help advised not to delete the question and post another).
Background:
I have a computer model in which I feed it input data from various ...
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Regarding colour visibility due to F-centre
Below shown image is a cut out from the NCERT book.
Referring to the highlighted sentences:
I know that an $\ce{e^-}$ absorbs and emits light of a particular wavelength when bound in an atom and ...
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Factor Group Analysis of Na2SO4 - Site Group Symmetry
I'm still trying to understand how to construct a factor group analysis for a given molecular point group and the resulting solid state group symmetry. For this I searched for some examples and found ...
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How do different x-ray tube emission profiles (i.e copper vs cobalt sources) affect XRD samples containing iron (results included)?
Background:
I'm a student and have recently done some XRD on some iron ore mine tailings which came from an Australian mine tailings storage dam. The redness in colour and industry source led me to ...
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Why and how are mullites (and in extension solid solutions) formed and how are their formulas conceived as opposed to regular crystalline solids?
From doing more Phase ID for XRD on aluminosilicate based coal fly ash samples, I've seen mullite phases appear a few times which have the non-stoichiometric chemical formula $Al_{4+2_x}Si_{2-2x}O_{10-...
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Is there any calcium carbonate analogue drawing carbon from dry air?
Is there a nonliving (wood does not count) substance or process that accretes a solid material by withdrawing carbon from the air, in a manner analogous to calcium carbonate being accreted from ...
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Solid state chemistry current in tunnel diode [closed]
I am interested in this subject: Applied Mathematics in Electrical Engineering. I am interested in finding an expression for the tunnel current of a tunnel diode in the negative differential ...
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Why can we use the arrhenius equation to measure the number of vacancies in a material?
In a materials science video I was watching today the prof. said we could use the arrhenius equation to estimate the number of vacancy point defects in a material. And gave the following equation:
Nv =...
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What are some good synthetic samples I can make myself to start getting better at Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction?
I'm a student wanting to become an expert in quantitative X-Ray Diffraction (QXRD) to determine the wt%s of both crystalline and amorphous phases in a solid specimen. At my university I have access to ...
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How does heating alkali metals with graphite change its conductivity and density?
My textbook says when heating potassium, rubidium, cesium with graphite, the metals react by invading the space between the layers. They form highly colored interstitial carbides that are non ...
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Is there a chemical compound which does not have a liquid state but a solid and a gaseous state? [duplicate]
Is there a chemical compound which does not have a liquid state but a solid and a gaseous state? Meaning no matter the temperature or pressure it will never be in its liquid form. According to my ...
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Why is diamond not the most dense substance?
Diamond is the hardest substance on earth which can be attributed to its tightly-bonded crystal lattice. Hence, assuming there were a substance more dense than diamond (which there are), mustn't it be ...
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How do you write fractional hydrates in words?
Apart from sequihydrate and hemihydrate (1.5 and 0.5 respectively), I can't find a way to write any other fractional hydrates.
Wikipedia states:
The notation "hydrated compound⋅nH2O", where ...
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What is m.2m point group?
I'm using Bilbao Crystallographic Server to find 3D crystallographic point groups of the K points of anatase TiO2.
Since the space group of anatse TiO2 is $I4_1/amd$, on this page, I found the point ...
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