Questions tagged [reaction-mechanism]
The detailed (and as complete as possible) description of plausible or observable pathways leading from reactants to products of a chemical process. This tag should be applied to questions about these processes. It may be applied to hypothetical and/or proposed mechanisms.
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Mechanism of terpene alcohol rearrangement [closed]
I thought about all kinds of hydride shifts that could be possible here, but I still could not figure out how the mechanism would work.
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What is the mechanism of the reaction between 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone and benzaldehyde?
I have been trying to deduce a reaction mechanism for the reaction between the two compounds to give the compound labeled 2 in the diagram but I do not think I have a satisfactory answer. My thinking ...
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Lobry de Bruyn-Van Ekenstein reaction
I've recently read about this reaction called Lobry de Bruyn-Van Ekenstein reaction, where simple glucose is converted to fructose and mannose by adding a base or acid, as I've read this is supposedly ...
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Addition of HOCl to ethyne [duplicate]
What is the product formed in addition of HOCl to ethyne? Is it dichloroacetaldehyde, or perhaps the enol form of dichloroacetaldehyde could react further with HOCl to form chloral hydrate / chloral?
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Mechanism for the synthesis of benzimidazole
I have thought up a mechanism for the synthesis of benzimidazole from o-phenylenediamine and formic acid. I would like to know if it's correct. I have attached it below.
My rationale for the ...
user102173
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Does hot potassium permanganate break benzene rings?
Benzene rings are broken during ozonolysis, and alkenes treated with hot $\ce{KMnO4}$ undergo oxidative ozonolysis.
So does that mean that the double bonds of benzene also are broken by hot $\ce{...
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Oxidation of amino acids with N-bromosuccinimide
I've recently come across the reaction where an amino acid is oxidised to form an imine by using N-bromosuccinimide as reagent and then in hydrolysis it formed an aldehyde moiety.
The second step is ...
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How salt concentration can effect the rate of corrosion and how redox reaction plays a role in that [closed]
sub-questions:
What role do oxidation and reduction play in corrosion? Is this a complicated process?
Also, why does increase in salt concentration make it easier to rust?
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Sodium dithionite reduction of nitro group to amine
I've recently come across the synthesis of 3-aminopthalhydrazine from 3-nitropthalhydrazine where the reducing agent used was sodium dithionite ($\ce{Na2S2O4}$). I wanted to know what the mechanism of ...
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Help with mechanism: Isomerization of eugenol
I'm confused about the mechanism for the isomerization of the external alkene eugenol to the internal alkene isoeugenol. I've added an image below of their structures.
The reaction is usually carried ...
user102173
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Why adding sodium bicarbonate quenches a reductive amination using sodium triacetoxyborohydride?
I'm planning to do a reductive amination reaction between methyl pyruvate and benzylamine using sodium triacetoxyborohydride, $\ce{NaBH(OAc)3}.$ Acetic acid is used as a catalyst for protonating the ...
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Mechanism of alkyl benzene reaction with KMnO4/KOH to form carboxylic acids
I came across this reaction regarding formation of carboxylic acid by treating alkylbenzenes with KMnO4/KOH.
I know that alpha-(C-H) bond in this compound is easily broken down into radicals. Then it ...
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Do we need sulfuric acid to make TNT?
Do we actually need sulfuric acid to make trinitrotoluene? TNT's formula is $\ce{C7H5N3O6}$ so we just need toluene($\ce{C7H8}$) and nitric acid($\ce{HNO3}$). If we mix them we get TNT, and water($\ce{...
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Titanium reaction with Sodium Percarbonate solution
I've been reading about a process for darkening Titanium using Sodium Percarbonate that consists of the following steps:
Prepare Sodium Percarbonate solution 1:5 with boiling water
Soak titanium ...
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What is the mechanism of aldol condensation between two diketo-compounds with sodium bicarbonate?
In particular, what is the mechanism of aldol condensation of dimethyl-1,3-acetonedicarboxylate and 2,3-butanedione with sodium bicarbonate?
I'm trying to work out the mechanism of this aldol ...
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Reaction of Grignard reagent with hydrogen cyanide
Grignard acts as a base with compounds containing acidic hydrogen:
$$\ce{RMgX + R'-OH -> R-H + R'-O-Mg-X}$$
and it acts as a nucleophile with others with an electrophilic site:
$$\ce{RMgX + R'-CHO -...
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What is the mechanism for the reaction of (Ph)2CO and succinic acid with NaH and quenching with acid?
I'm guessing the C=O will be attacked first on the PhCOPh, but how do you get rid of the O?
Just out of interest, how else could you convert C=O to C=C?
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When does the Mukaiyama-Addition follow which transition state and how does it affect the stereochemistry?
in the course on enantioselective organocatalysis, we discussed the route to hexoses via organocatalytic aldol addition and subsequent Mukaiyama addition. The use of either TiCl4 or MgBr2 leads to ...
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How to promote oxidation of copper(I) chloride to copper(II) chloride with oxygen in solution?
I recently discovered that copper(I) chloride in hydrochloric acid can react at about 80 °C with bubbled-in oxygen gas and oxidize into copper(II) chloride. I found almost no documentation on the web, ...
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What is the reaction mechanism for formation of alkene from vicinal dihalide in presence of zinc and alcohol?
I have proposed the mechanism that zinc gives its two valence electrons to the halogen so it leaves the electrons of carbon which get shifted to form π-bond and the other halogen is pushed out. Then ...
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Are there any genuine, elementary ternary reactions?
Macroscopically, reaction rates can be of varied order. But mechanistically, most reactions are first-order or second-order/binary (e.g. SN2, many catalyst surface reactions, dimers). Most processes ...
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Does red phosphorus with hydriodic acid reduce all alkyl halides?
$\ce{HI/P}$ is used for reduction of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and acids to alkanes. As for alkyl halides, I have read that only alkyl iodides are reduced, whereas other alkyl halides do not:
$$\ce{...
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Complete mechanism of benzotriazole synthesis from o-phenylenediamine
Does my suggested mechanism for benzotriazole synthesis look correct? Are the arrows for the cyclization in the right place?
Chemdoodle (which I drew this with) makes the curly arrows look a bit weird....
user102173
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Creating HCl acid [closed]
I have the following reaction:
$$\ce{2 AlCl3 + 3H2O -> 2 Al(OH)3 + 6 HCl}$$
My goal is to create hydrochloric acid, but for the reaction shown, hydrochloride gas is produced instead. There are two ...
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Preparation of m-nitroaniline from m-dinitrobenzene [duplicate]
Consulting various Organic Chemistry resources, I have found two reactions for the purpose stated in the subject:
First reaction:
Second reaction:
But, I cannot find the reaction mechanism by which ...
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Does hydrogen peroxide remove chloramine from water?
I know that a small amount of hydrogen peroxide will convert chlorine in drinking water into table salt, oxygen, and water:
$$\ce{NaOCl + H2O2 → NaCl + H2O + O2}$$
What I can't find is what effect it ...
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Conversion of cyclohepta-1,3-diene to cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene
In the landmark synthesis of tropinone by Willstatter in 1901, an interesting step involves the use of $\ce {Br_2}$, quinoline to convert cyclohexa-1,3-diene to cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene. In the scheme ...
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Hydride shift or Methyl shift
For the carbocation (A) given in the reaction, first we can rearrange it by ring expansion (4 to 5) then we have two choices either H-shift or methyl-shift. My teacher told me that Hydrogen is the ...
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Can I use the Winkler method as a way to measure the rate of photosynthesis?
I want to make an investigation where I measure how the color of light affects the rate of photosynthesis.
The idea is to put an Elodea plant in a test tube and shine with different color of light ...
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Is the rate-determining step equal to or the lower limit of the overall reaction rate?
I’ve heard many conflicting points on this single question alone. Even the usually reliable sources I run to are pretty ambiguous on the matter. So now I’m here, after 1 and a half weeks of confusion.
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Briggs-Rauscher reaction doesn't oscillate and turns blue with Vitamin C
I tried to recreate the Briggs-Rauscher reaction by using a solution of $\ce{H2O2}$, $\ce{KIO3}$, $\ce{H2SO4}$, $\ce{CH2(COOH)2}$, $\ce{MnSO4}$ and a soluble starch. I used this recipe.
In container ...
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Why do active methylene compounds give Sn2 reactions?
I dont understand why they are strong nucleophiles when the negative charge is resonance stabilised. Also it is bulky, is there any chance of elimination?
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Can alkylboron amines undergo Suzuki reaction with bromobenzene?
$$\ce{NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-B(OR)2}$$
I don't know what the name of this compound is, but can the Suzuki reaction proceed under basic conditions with an aryl halide and a general palladium catalyst in the ...
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Reactivity of Alkenes with HBr [closed]
I am new in the Organic Chemistry (World of Reactions). I had got one question in my test. But, when I had seen it, I got no proper logic to tick the correct answer, and then when I saw solution, then ...
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How baking soda help in indigestion of stomach? [closed]
We have learnt that baking soda can be used for neutralizing excessive acid in stomach formed during indigestion.
And after some time we get a burp(CO2) after drinking baking soda solution.
So why we ...
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ortho-bromoanisole + NaNH2 + Liquid NH3 =?
when we add ortho-bromoanisole in NaNH2 + NH3 we form products using the benzyne mechanism.
here, we form the products considering only -I effect of -OCH3, if we consider its +M effect we would form, ...
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How does deprotonation works?
I've been studying organic chemistry and came across this example :
CH3-CH2-CH(+)-CH3 ---> CH3-CH=CH-CH3, the explanation the textbook gave was related to deprotonation. I've tried drawing lewis ...
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Relationship between thermodynamics and steric hindrance in reaction outcomes?
I am investigating reactions with alkyl-substituted amines ($\ce{R} = \ce{Me}, \ce{Et}, \ce{^iPr}, \ce{^tBu}$) and a second reagent, in which product Z is formed. $\Delta G$ for all of these ...
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What is the correct way to write dissociation reactions? [closed]
The variants are as follows:
For a salt (NaCl):
$$\ce{NaCl_{(s)}<=>NaCl_{(aq)}<=>Na_{(aq)}^{+} + Cl_{(aq)}^{-}}\tag{1}$$
$$\ce{NaCl_{(s)}<=>Na_{(aq)}^{+} + Cl_{(aq)}^{-}}\tag{2}$$
$$\...
user65517
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Racemization of hydrocarbon in presence of AlCl3
Our textbook mentioned that the compound in the diagram racemizes in presence of $\ce{AlCl3}$, but it didn't explain anything.
Any help regarding the mechanism of the reaction would be appreciated.
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What is the effect of temperature on the enthalpy of reaction?
In the study of reaction mechanisms, enthalpy of formation for intermediate compounds at various temperatures is studied. I understand the reason to do that.
How much (and what) effect can temperature ...
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Why do radical inhibitors inhibit a reaction by creating a "more stable" radical, but for monohalogenation, we WANT to form the most stable radical?
According to my notes, radical inhibitors tend to turn a more reactive radical into a less reactive radical by making it more stable. For instance, the hydroquinone reacts with a radical species, ...
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Reaction of primary amine with mixed acid anhydride
Is this reaction $\ce{S_N2}$ (because attack of nucleophile and removal of leaving group are not taking place in a single step)?
Which part of anhydride should form the substituted amide? If it is an ...
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How to make a steady supply of water from a supply of H2 and O2
writing a survival novel where a guy needs to survive and needs to make water to do so. It is on another planet and he access to sci-fi type manufacturing machines that can make most tings.
He has a ...
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Why are alpha hydroxy acids stable? [closed]
We were told by our teacher that 4 hydroxyl groups on same carbon atom results in formation of carbon dioxide by removal of 2 water molecules and he also told that 3 hydroxyl groups on the same Carbon ...
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How do ketone react with a peroxy acid to yield an ester? [duplicate]
This may be a really dumb question but I can't find any mechanism plot or reasoning how ketone reacts with carboxylic acid and form an ester. I thought R-OH react with RC(O)OOH to form ester..
I tried ...
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What causes the amber/colourless/blue colours in the Briggs-Rauscher oscillating reaction?
I am using this commonly cited but simplified reaction mechanism of the Briggs-Rauscher reaction.
Reaction 1 & 2 occur simultaneously. For reaction 1, when the iodide concentration is low, the ...
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2
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addition of HBr to a conjugated alkene
here we shift double bond and change the carbocation from 3 degree to 2 degree, by doing so we are saying that hindrance matters more than carbocation stability, is this always the case in such ...
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Fluorine detection in organic compounds
Many of you will know why I am asking this question. There is a lot of attention recently to the dangers of the so called Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS). In essence organic ...
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The Mechanism of Termolecular Reactions
How does a termolecular elementary reaction happen under the law of mass action? My physical chemistry textbook only says details about bimolecular and unimolecular reactions with collision theory. I ...
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