Questions tagged [ionization-energy]

The ionization energy of an atom or molecule describes the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from the atom or molecule in the gaseous state. Do not confuse with [electron-affinity].

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Ionization energy and charge localization: π-bonds/systems and ionization energy

Page 35 of my textbook, Mass Spectrometry by Jürgen H. Gross, says the following in a section on ionization energy (IE) and charge localization: Molecules with π-bonds have lower IEs than those ...
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Are there processes of electric discharge to oxide As(III) into As(V)? [closed]

I want to know if there were any known experiment of electric discharge to oxyde the ion arsenic(III) into the ion arsenic(V).
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How does H's ionization energy relate to its transition energy (Bohr's Model)?

I am currently reviewing some material about orbital energy levels. In my review book there is a short snipet that reads: The IE of $\ce{H}$ from its ground state ($n=1$) is $1312\ \mathrm{kJ/mol}$....
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Removing ozone from a gas flow

I have a potential problem in that I need to reliably remove ozone from a stream of ionized gases, mostly air. The flow rate is quite low, less than 400 sccm. I was thinking of something catalytic, ...
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Is the first ionization energy in oxygen slightly more than nitrogen? [duplicate]

Why is the first ionization energy in oxygen slightly more than nitrogen? In nitrogen: $\ce{[He] 2s^2 2p^3}$ In oxygen: $\ce{[He] 2s^2 2p^4}$ This tells me that it should be easier to remove an ...
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If fluorine has a lower electron affinity than chlorine, why does it have a higher ionization energy?

I have read that fluorine has a lower electron affinity than chlorine despite its lower atomic radius because its electron cloud is extremely dense. If this is the case, shouldn't the ionization ...
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Electronic configuration of period 3 element from its successive ionization energies

Given below are the first five successive ionization energies $(\mathrm{IE})$ in $\pu{kJ mol-1}$ of an element in period 3. $$ \begin{array}{ccccc} \hline \mathrm{IE_1} & \mathrm{IE_2} & \...
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Relation between electron gain enthalpy and electron affinity

The correct relation between electron gain enthalpy $(Δ_\mathrm{eg}H)$ and electron affinity $A_\mathrm{e}$ at any temperature '$T$' is A) $Δ_\mathrm{eg}H = -A_\mathrm{e} - \frac{5}{2}RT$ B) $Δ_\...
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What happens to the first ionization potential when a hydrogen-like atom captures a particle?

This is a textbook problem from Resonance DLPD Physical Chemistry, Page #83: The mass of a proton is $1836$ times the mass of an electron. If a subatomic particle of mass $207$ times the mass of an ...
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Relationship between effective nuclear load and periodic properties

The effective nuclear charge is defined as the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a polyelectronic atom. It can be calculated using the well-known Stars Rule. Once I have calculated ...
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Why is ionisation energy of bismuth lower than lead?

Why is ionisation enthalpy of Bismuth less than that of Lead for it just comes after the latter in periodic table? First ionisation energy of bismuth is 703 kg/mol while that of lead is 715 kg/mol. I ...
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Why is the common magnesium ion Mg(II) and not Mg(I) when the second ionization energy is higher than the first ionization energy?

The first ionization energy for magnesium is given as $\pu{737.7 kJ/mol}$, and the second ionization energy is $\pu{1450.7 kJ/mol}$. Given this information, doesn't it take $\pu{737.7 kJ/mol}$ to ...
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How to find the formula of an binary oxide based on the ionisation energies? [closed]

I am a little confused about this multiple choice question and what the requirements are to answer it. It is for a year 11 chemistry student that I am helping and I think I am going in a little too ...
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Why isn't ionization energy called cationization energy? [closed]

I'm learning chemistry and ionization energy is "[...] the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron, of an isolated gaseous atom to form a cation." It ...
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Is the energy of the orbital an electron "resides" in, considered to be a factor of that electrons ionization energy? [duplicate]

The answers to a Quora question mainly refer to the factors as generally being, the electrostatic forces of attraction between the electron and the positively charged nucleus and all other events, by ...
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what is the basic factor which determines the order of ionization energies of K,Li,Ca,S?

There was a question which was asking about the order of ionization energies of K,Li,Ca,S. The electronic configuration of all the elements were as follows Li:${1s^2 2s^1}$ K :${1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 ...
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is Li ion less stable than Li atom? [closed]

so our teacher introduced the concept of ionization energy... heres my doubt : if we remove an electron from , say, Lithium , we need to supply energy first and that will be very less compared to the ...
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Can the first ionization energy for a specific element be calculated?

I'm taking a first-year Inorganic Chemistry course in college, and stumbled upon this problem: For $\ce{Mn}$ and $\ce{P}$, calculate the first ionization energy and explain the difference between ...
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Successive ionization energies (work functions?) for metals

Are there tables for successive ionization energies for metals (like for gases)? All I can find are work functions to remove one electron from the surface of a metal into vacuum (and to keep it there)....
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Ionization energy of C2-, C2, and C2+

My textbook says that $\ce{C_2}^-$ has a lower ionization energy than both $\ce{C_2}$ and $\ce{C_2}^+$. I calculated that the bond orders of $\ce{C_2}^+$, $\ce{C_2}$, and $\ce{C_2}^-$ are 1.5, 2, and ...
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Ionization energy in Geiger counters

Geiger counters can detect radioactivity because nuclear radiation consists of particles or radiation of sufficiently high energy to eject electrons from atoms. Consequently, this type of radiation is ...
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Can visible light or infrared radiation excite electrons?

So the limit of ionizing radiation seems to be UV light. I'm wondering if IR light or Visible light can excite the electrons in an atom. It has to do with the difference in energy level right? So ...
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Second Ionisation Energy in d Block elements

The second ionisation energy is expected to be highest for element with atomic number: 22 24 25 30 I had expected the answer to be option 2 because the second electron has to be ...
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What is the range of photon energies can be effectively used to split a diatomic molecule like hydrogen?

I saw photo-ignition of hydrogen-chlorine mixture using UV light on YouTube. Chlorine molecule bond dissociation energy is $\pu{2.51 eV}$ (bluish colour). Bromine molecule bond dissociation energy is ...
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Determine most electronegative element based on successive ionization energy data

X, Y and Z are three unknown elements whose first 5 ionization energies are given below. Which of the 3 is the most electronegative?$$ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline &\text{IE}_1&\text{IE}...
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Why is the ionization enthalpy of francium greater than that of cesium?

Why is the ionization enthalpy of francium greater than that of cesium, even though it has a larger size? I found no Google result regarding this.
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Which of the following atoms has the largest first ionization energy?

Of the following atoms, which has the largest first ionization energy? $\ce{Br}$ $\ce{O}$ $\ce{C}$ $\ce{P}$ $\ce{I}$ I got confused between $\ce{O}$ and $\ce{Br}$. The answer given is $\ce{O}$ ...
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Abnormal ionisation energy trend: Group 13 and 14

I was going through some ionisation energy data, where I came across the following: Ionisation energy order for Group 13 and 14: B > Al ≈ Ga > In < Tl C > Si > Ge > Sn < Pb What could be the ...
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Ground state oxidation potential and Ionization potential from density functional theory (DFT)

Can someone please tell me how to calculate the ground state oxidation potential (GSOP)? I understand that according to Koopmans' theorem, the negative of HOMO can be considered as the GSOP. Is there ...
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Rate the following ions in increasing ionization energy

Sr2+, Rb1+, S2-, P3- I believe it is P3- < S2- < Rb1+ < Sr2+ because it should be easier to take an electron away from the negatively charged ions, but I'm not sure about the Rb and Sr ...
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Order of second ionization energy for cations

Why is the correct order of second ionisation potential of $\ce{Li , Be , B , C }$ such as: $\ce{Be} <\ce C <\ce B <\ce{Li} $? I understand that $\ce{Li+}$ has a stable inert gas electronic ...
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Group 15 Ionisation Energies

I had a little confusion regarding ionisation energies. I get that in general, the second ionisation energy > first ionisation energy, due to increased effective nuclear charge on the second electron....
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What is the relation between ionization energy and electropositivity?

Electropositivity of an element is defined as a measure of element's ability to donate electrons while Ionization energy or Ionization potential is defined as the energy required to dispel a loosely ...
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Is there any mathematical formula for electron affinity and ionization potential?

I already know about the mathematical formula for electronegativity, but it requires the ionization potential and electron affinity. How can I can easily calculate the ionization potential and ...
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Why is the photon energy of lithium flame coloring lower than that of cesium?

Why does $\ce{Li}$ give a red flame color which has lower photon energy compared to $\ce{Cs}$ which gives a violet flame color according to $E=h\nu$? This is my attempt: Since lithium has smaller ...
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What is the element with the greatest first ionization energy?

Identify the element with the greatest first ionization energy. (A) Ce (B) C (C) Cl (D) Ca (E) Cs The book says the correct answer is (B) with such an explanation: First ionization ...
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Why can the electron gain process be endothermic or exothermic whereas the ionistation process is always endothermic? [duplicate]

I know that this may seem a very silly question to some of you but please help me.I am extremely confused. PS:Sorry if you accidentally stumbled to this question.I can't find the appropriate tags
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Ionisation Energy vs First Ionisation Energy [closed]

It was stated in a textbook that the first ionisation energy is the minimum energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms in their ground state Is there a difference ...
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Effect of light on ionic compounds

If I had an ionic molecule which needed $\pu{4 eV}$ to break the ionic bond, a $\pu{7 eV}$ photon is shot at it. If it is absorbed by the molecule and breaks, where does the rest of the energy go?
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Why does aluminum have a lower first ionization energy than magnesium?

I used to use the explanation that $s$ orbitals penetrate better than $p$ orbitals, however, could the explanation be that $3s$ is shielding the $3p$ in aluminum?
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Why is Ionization Energy definition restricted to gaseous atoms?

Here's the definition of ionization energy that I am learning at this level: energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of uni positively charged ...
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Why flame color of salts is determined by metal

If a pure metal is heated up in a flame, we see it giving the flame a characteristic color, e.g. $\ce{Na}$ burns yellow. If a salt, e.g. $\ce{NaCl}$ or $\ce{Na2SO4}$, is heated up, resulting color to ...
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Why the ionization energy of Au is more than that of Cu?

As we go down the group from 3d to 5 d, size increases. Vanderwaal radius of Cu and Au is 140pm and 166pm respectively. Since Cu is smaller in size, ionization energy of Cu must be greater. Then ...
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Energy comparison between an atom and its ion

Is it possible to compare energy(enthalpy or similar) between an atom and its ion, possibly in the same state(gas)? For example, $\ce{O}$ and $\ce{O^+}$(intentionally cation), $\ce{Na}$ and $\ce{Na^+}...
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Why is the first ionisation energy of a sodium cation bigger than that of a neon atom?

I understand that the 1st ionization energy gets bigger for elements along a period from left to right and along a group from down to up. But why is the 1st ionization energy of $\ce{Na+}$ bigger ...
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Why does the ionization energy decrease anytime the atom size increases?

I would like to have a better understanding of the relationship that exists between the Ionization Energy commonly known as IE and the size of an atom. I think that the Ionization Energy can be ...
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Stability of unsaturated syn/anti 3-ladderane

In an oral exam for physical organic chemistry, one student was asked to explain the differences in the ionization potential ($IP$) of syn and anti tricyclo[$4.2.0.0^{2,5}$]octa-3,7-diene (unsaturated ...
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NaCl dissociation not spontaneous?

It's a well-known fact that the dissociation of $\text{NaCl}$ can be represented by the series of equations $$ \begin{eqnarray*} \text{Na} &\rightarrow& \text{Na}^+ + \text{e}^- \qquad \Delta ...
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Ionization Energy and Electron Affinity

This is from my textbook. But in other reference books I am using and Wikipedia, there is not any mention of absolute zero while defining Ionization Energy and Electron Affinity. What does it mean? ...
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Order of ionization enthalpy

The order of successive ionization enthalpies of group 15 are as follows : $$\Delta H_1<\Delta H_2<\Delta H_3$$ But as all the fifteen group elements have a very stable electronic ...