Questions tagged [ionic-compounds]
Compounds in which at least some of bonds have ionic character stronger than covalent or metallic. Many compounds called salts are ionic compounds but not all of them.
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Solubility of Ammonium Nitrate [closed]
Ammonium nitrate is readily soluble in water at room temperature, although its lattice energy (Approximately 3655 kJ/mol) is much greater than its hydration energy (Approximately -382 kJ/mol for ...
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Melting Point of Ionic Bonds? [closed]
The melting and boiling point of Ionic Bonds is high due to the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged particles. However Ionic compounds are also extremely brittle. I can't ...
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Why does C2H3Li + HBr go to completion but C2H3Na + HBr doesn't? [closed]
The reaction between $\ce{C2H3Li + HBr}$ forms lithium and bromoethane, just like $\ce{C2H4 + HBrC}$ forms bromoethane. However, $\ce{C2H4NaBr}$ and $\ce{C2H4KBr}$ does not seem to exist?
I'm assuming ...
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Distinction between Ionic and Covalent Bonds? [duplicate]
I've read that all bonds consist of both Ionic and Covalent characters to some degree and that there is no clear distinction between the two. However, I want to research this more and cannot determine ...
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Can I convert copper(II) acetate or carbonate to copper(II) sulfate?
I am a high school student who does chemistry as a hobby, and as such I really don't know very much. I managed to make some copper(II) acetate and copper(II) carbonate, and now I'd like to convert it ...
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Hannay smith equation derivation
Our chemistry teacher taught us about Hannay smith equation for calculating the percent ionic character. He did not told how that equation was derived. I could not find any satisfactory result from ...
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Why metal hydrides have low lattice enthalpy
Lattice enthalpy is inversely proportional to the distance between the ions. And the trend of lattice enthalpies is: $\ce{MF>MCl>MBr>MI}$. But why do metal hydrides have lesser lattice ...
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How to change the counterion of a nucleotide salt?
I need to take the sodium nucleotide salts I have available in my lab and modify them to instead contain some more exotic counterions. Can I do this by binding my nucleotides to a strong anion ...
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Are salts (e.g. NaCl) soluble in liquid metals?
I'm curious whether any salt would at all dissolve in a liquid metal, such as gallium, mercury, or some other metal in the liquid phase?
A Google search of "solubility of NaCl in Mercury" ...
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Why should we not add the H+ ion conc coming from water before calculating pH of acidic/basic solution?
For eg:
If we are calculating pH of the soln of a strong acid, we shall do this:
pH= - log [H+]
Where H+ is the concentration coming from that acid.
Why shall we not add to this concentration, the H+ ...
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Are mixtures of finely ground solid fertilizer compounds stable? [closed]
If I had a combination of the following as finely ground powders, would it be relatively stable, or would they react to form other compounds?
Sodium Nitrate
Ammonium Nitrate
Calcium Nitrate
Potassium ...
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Compare the covalent character of ZnCl2, CdCl2,HgCl2
I want to know how to arrange the covalent character of ZnCl2, CdCl2, and HgCl2.
By Fajans' rules, We know that a smaller cation equals higher covalent character.
We also know that atomic size ...
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Why would a metal form an ionic compound with a nonmetal from a lower period?
Take sodium iodide for example. I understand both elements can obtain a full outer shell via the electron transfer. But doesn't the electron move from a lower-energy orbital ($3s$ in sodium) to a ...
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Confusion related to exception in Fajan's rule (Regarding prediction in solubility of compounds in polar solvents)
My teacher taught us that higher the ionic character in a compound, higher is its solubility in polar solvents like water.
To illustrate this statement, he also gave us the following example-
LiOH< ...
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Covalent character of bonds in uranium hexafluoride
In one of the questions in a qualifying exam it said that $\ce{UF6}$ is a "covalent compound". This fits the physical properties of the compound well, e.g. low boiling point, existence as ...
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How many multivalent elements are there? [closed]
According to this video there are 20 multivalent elements, and from the periodic table, I see 20, but according to multiple websites, including this, it says there are only 5. What am I not ...
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How do we know the ionic charge of iron or elements such as iron on the periodic table?
How do we find iron's ionic charge? I was taught that we use roman numerals but I don't see any on the basic periodic table of elements (I'm using this one). So how do we find iron's charge of Fe 2+ ...
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Is lead iodide a strong electrolyte?
So, lead iodide is insoluble. I see conflicting answers online. Some say it's a weak electrolyte because it is insoluble, others say it is a strong electrolyte because it is an ionic compound and any ...
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How do clay particles form a colloidal mixture?
I have been learning about water coagulation in my chemistry textbook. Apparently, before being treated, water has clay particles, primarily silicates and aluminosilicates, which apparently have a ...
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Safely removing sodium hypochlorite crystals from hard-to-reach surfaces
I have a small bathing whirlpool which wasn’t used for over ten years. It is built into the ground and I cannot reach the disinfectant container to replace it with a new one. I can access the fill-...
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How can I transform Thiamine sulfate to Thiamine hydrochloride?
I have got thiamine sulfate and want to have thiamine hydro chloride. Can I obtain it by dissolving thiamine sulfate in water and adding calcium chloride water solution as long as calcium sulfate will ...
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Does solid sodium hydroxide react with carbon dioxide and air moisture?
I heard a claim in the context of soapmaking that a stray grain of sodium hydroxide will decay into soda ash, i.e. sodium carbonate, on contact with air. This reaction happens in an aqueous solution, ...
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AlCl3, Al2O3, Al(OH)3. What is more ionic?
I tried with fajans' rules.
First I got AlCl3 and Al2O3. There, because O2- has high negative charge I decided that Al2O3 is less ionic. But my teacher told us that we can get the same thing by ...
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Why is the Conductivity trend same in fused and in dissolved or aqueous state of ionic compounds?
For an example if we take $\ce{KCl}$ and $\ce{NaCl}$ then I have understood the part where in aqueous state $\ce{Na+}$ becomes bigger than $\ce{K+}$ hence the conductivity reverses but in fused state ...
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Where can I find data for ionic radii? [duplicate]
Where can I find data for the ionic radius of various ions? I am looking specifically at yttrium ions, zirconium ions, niobium ions, molybdenum ions, chlorine ions, hafnium ions, tantalum ions, and ...
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Data for Madelung Constants
Where can I find data for the Madelung constants for various ionic compounds? Specifically, I am looking at silicon tetrachloride, yttrium (III) chloride, zirconium (IV) oxynitrate hydrate, niobium (V)...
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Which atom carries charge in polyatomic ions?
I have a basic confusion regarding polyatomic ions:
Is it meaningful to say "which atom" in a polyatomic ion is charged?
Consider for instance hydroxide OH$^-$:
The oxygen has greater ...
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Displacement Reaction [closed]
In a displacement reaction I understand that the more reactive metal essentially takes the place of the less reactive metal. But I can't seem to understand how this more reactive metal can break the ...
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Calculating ionic strength at different concentrations
Zn$^{2+}$ reacts with a molecule, B, in a solution at several different concentrations of NaCl.
Determine the charge of the biomolecule and k$_0$ (second order) (assume that Zn$^{2+}$ does not ...
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Do both phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid prevent oxidation of ferrous ion in iron titration?
For the Determination of iron by Redox Titration experiment, I am finding the role of sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid. Then I found that other than $\ce{H3PO4}$ masks the yellow color of $\ce{Fe^3+}...
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What happens during a displacement reaction? [closed]
When Zn metal is added to a solution of Cu(II)SO4, Zinc displaces Cu to form ZnSO4 as Zn is more reactive than Cu. What I don't understand is how.
1- What I'm assuming is: Zn metal collides with [SO4]...
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Calculating the Hopping distance in K+ F- bonds
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
This is a graph showing the formation of K+ F- ionic bonds. To my understanding, when the atoms are far apart, their neutral state is more stable. But when they ...
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Why aren't ionic crystals stronger than diamond?
If ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds, then why aren't ionic crystals stronger than diamond, which is bonded by covalent bonds?
Diamond has tetrahedral structure with carbons forming ...
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Balancing a chemical reaction with oxidation numbers
We have been teached how to balance chemical reactions with oxidation numbers in school, but somehow I can't understand it.
This is the equation to balance
$$\ce{Cu(s) + NO3−(aq) + H+(aq) -> Cu^2+(...
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Impurities in household baking soda
For a long time, I have been using store bought baking soda (with sodium bicarbonate as the sole ingredient listed) as the sodium bicarbonate in my (qualitative) home experiments, but recently I ...
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What is the structure of sodium chloride in the liquid state?
I understand that sodium chloride when solid, is a lattice, so NaCl there is an empirical formula,(so, expresses that the ratio of Na to Cl is 1-1), and not a molecular formula expressing exact ...
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Why are group 13 compounds in the +1 oxidation state more ionic than those in the +3 oxidation state?
I know that for group 13 metals in the p block, the stability of +1 OS is generally more than the stability of +3 OS as it is energetically not favourable to attain the higher OS of +3 and such ions ...
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Why does $\mathrm{NO_3}$ have charge $1-$? [closed]
I'm given the following problem:
Write the molecular equation for the reaction $\mathrm{Iron\;(III)\; Nitrate\; and\; Sodium \;Phosphate}$
I begin by attempting to determine the empirical formula of ...
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What are the Ionic Properties of Co-ordinate Covalent Bonds? [closed]
In my 10th grade book, it says that
A coordinate bond has properties of both covalent and ionic bonds. Therefore, it is also called dative or co-ionic bonds.
I understand that it has properties of ...
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Isn't my book doing this problem about ionic product wrongly?
Problem:
After adding a $\pu{150 mL}$ $\pu{6.7\times10^{-5} M}$ $\ce{NaOH}$ solution to a $\pu{100 mL}$ $\pu{2.5\times10^{-5} M}$ $\ce{FeCl2}$ solution, green colored $\ce{Fe(OH)2}$ precipitate is ...
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If bond types are in reality intermixed, how come different bonds form completely different structures?
According to the bond triangle, compounds don't exist as solely ionic or solely covalent, but rather have ionic, covalent, and metallic character to them. So each bond type is connected and similar in ...
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Dissolution of ionic compounds
Where can I find a table that lists the rates of dissolution of common ionic compounds like sodium chloride, potassium permanganate, and ammonium nitrate? Are there tables and equations that relate ...
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Are there any binary ionic compounds with carbon in it? [closed]
It may be organic, may be inorganic but is ionic and binary in nature and contains carbon. Is there any such compound?
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Isn't hydrogen chloride a salt, because it is an ionic compound? [closed]
So I just learned in chemistry that salts are ionic compounds.
Shouldn't,
$\ce{H+Cl-}$ be a salt since hydrogen ion has positive charge and chloride ion has negative charge? If $\ce{HCl}$ is a salt ...
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What is the correct molecular, total ionic, and net ionic reaction equation of reaction between magnesium nitrate and sodium chromate? [closed]
From the question, I think that the reactants are $$\ce{Mg(NO3)2(aq) + Na2CrO4(aq)}$$
But the problem is, I am confused about the result of the reaction. Is it $$\ce{MgCrO4}$$ and/or $$\ce{NaNO3}$$?
...
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Databases for Enthalpy of Solution and Ionic Radii for Ionic Salts
I am looking to investigate the relation between experimental enthalpies of solution and theoretical enthalpies of solution calculated using theoretical equations for the lattice enthalpy and ...
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Does lithium form ionic hydride? [duplicate]
It is stated in my chemistry textbook that lithium indeed forms lithium hydrides. However, significant covalent characters could be found in lithium hydrides (like least reactivity).
But in some other ...
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Why is the thermal stability of calcium carbonate higher than that of magnesium carbonate even though lattice energy decreases down a group?
The difference in thermal stability of $\ce{CaCO3}$ and $\ce{MgCO3}$ can be explained using Fajans' rules, but why not using the lattice energy method?
Why is the thermal stability of $\ce{CaCO3}$ ...
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Determining ion charge using rate constants and ionic strength
I am given the following data:
The rate constant $k$ at $\pu{25 ^\circ C}$ in a reaction of persulfate ions and iodide ions in a water solution is assumed to vary with the total ionic strength of the ...
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Why does iodine trichloride dimerize?
In which of the dimerization process, the achievement of the octet is not the driving force
$\ce{2AlCl3 \to Al2Cl6}$
$\ce{BeCl2 \to BeCl2}$ (solid)
$\ce{2ICl3 \to I2Cl6} $
$\ce{2NO2 \to N2O4}$
...
