Questions tagged [extraction]
For questions regarding the separation process consisting in the separation of a substance from a matrix. This tag can be used for generic extraction of elements from ore or more specific types of extraction such as: liquid-liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction.
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Acid-base extraction
I am planning on synthesising trans-cinnamic acid from benzaldehyde and malonic acid in the presence of pyridine and piperidine (catalyst). To purify the product (trans-cinnamic acid), I want to ...
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How to maximize yield of caffeine extracted from tea with water?
I am doing a report on extraction of caffeine for my O-chem finals and I am confused whether to use freshly plucked tea leaves or dried tea leaves for the extraction. I want to yield the maximum ...
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Polarity of caffeine [closed]
I have to submit an investigatory project for my Ochem exams and I chose to write up a report on quantitative analysis of caffeine in different tea samples. During Extraction of caffeine, we use ...
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How does a conc. electrolyte solution extract water from a organic phase like diethyl ether or ethyl acetate?
In organic chemistry, often, during the last steps of a workup we use concentrated brine solution (NaCl) to "extract" the water from the organic layer, especially when we have an organic ...
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TsOH and 5% NaHCO3 Interaction: Unexpected Dark Green Color
Here's the brief:
I synthesized alkyl gallates (ethyl gallate, butyl gallate, and amyl gallate) using Fischer esterification.
I used TsOH instead of concentrated H2SO4 as the catalyst.
After ...
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Can I make an alcohol-based stain from a pigment with an alkaline extraction process?
I'm in a situation where I don't really even know enough to know if what I want makes sense or has the kinds of problems that I think it might have, but here's the situation:
I would like to make a ...
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How feasible is it to separate acetone, butanol, and ethanol (and water) via simple distillation?
I have no experience distilling, though I understand the basics about it. When two liquids with different boiling points are mixed, you can sometimes separate them by boiling away one of the liquids, ...
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Liquid-liquid extraction of sorbicillinol in water with ethyl acetate
My solution consisted of sorbicillinol and water, sorbicillinol being a polar substance. I wanted to isolate sorbicillinol from water using liquid-liquid extraction.
For my solvent I used ethyl ...
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Which xylenes, if any, are immiscible with DMSO?
"Xylene" is reported to be immiscible with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), according to a few solvent miscibility tables found online (chart 1, chart 2, chart 3). I have tried to locate some ...
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Reduction of gingerol content in ginger using kitchen equipment
The single topic that this question focuses on is - how to remove gingerol and only gingerol from a piece of ginger in a manner that it remains safe to eat using equipment found in a well stocked ...
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Decarboxylation of THCA in cannabis after plant material is mixed with ethanol [closed]
When making a tincture of cannabis, an early step is decarboxylation by roasting cannabis flowers at low temperatures (such as 230F for 30 minutes). My question is, how can one decarboxylate cannabis ...
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Chemistry of a proposed Capsaicin extract [closed]
Background:
I’d like to make an extract of capsaicin using the following ingredients: Capsicum powder, Fractionated coconut MCT oil, apple cider vinegar, and saline. The idea is for the capsaicin to ...
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Why does emulsions hinder the full extraction of a substance?
I've learend that in processing liquid-liquid extractions, emulsions can appear between two immiscible solvents.
For exmaple, to extract caffeine from green tea leaves;
The caffeine in water can be ...
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How to theoretically determine if a hydrate of a salt precipitates out of solution
In a solid-liquid extraction simulation process, there are multiple salts that precipitate in the solution. But how do I determine if these salts are hydrates or not? To give an example:
$$\ce{Ca3(PO4)...
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What is the reason for extracting copper from copper pyrites and not iron?
Why can copper be extracted from copper pyrites ($\ce{CuFeS2}$) but not iron? Is there some intuitive logic behind it?
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What chemical mechanisms or parameters altered during the usage of buffered extractant for leachability of a soil or sediment?
Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) is an extraction method to simulate a soil or sediment leaching. The method employed two extraction fluids - one is a buffered
solution of acetic acid ...
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Performing the mean and standard deviation for a extraction based on averaged content determination
Is it okay to perform the mean and standard deviation for a triplicate extraction based on averaged values of content determination?
I performed an extraction in triplicate. Each one of the ...
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Can I expect the same (or very close) peak areas from herbal extracts prepared with the same plant/solvent ratio?
I prepared an extract by using 100 mg of plant and 2 mL of ethanol, filtered and injected 20 μl into the HPLC system equipped with Waters® XSelect (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. If I prepare an ...
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How does pH affect an extraction problem
I am not sure how to understand when pH will affect a given problem regarding extraction. For example, in a problem given that K$_D$ of the reaction is $1.86$ I am asked to calculate:
(a) How much ...
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Selective Removal of Sodium Acetate
I am currently working on an extraction and synthesis of sodium salicyate from acetylsalicylic acid and sodium hydroxide. After doing a liquid-liquid extraction from DCM, using a sodium hydroxide ...
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How to remove graphite substrate of boron carbide coating?
I have a boron carbide coating (the thickness is either 90 microns or 220 microns) on a graphite substrate (the thickness is 0.5 inch - about 13 mm, the other dimensions are 2x2 inch$^2$ - about 5x5 ...
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Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA): Solubility in ethanol
How much CBGA and CBDA can be dissolved in a given amount of ethanol at room temperature? I did a bit of research but could not find any source on solubility of these substances in ethanol.
For ...
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What are the hydrodynamics behind a Soxhlet extractor?
So I'm trying to wrap my head around the physics of how a Soxhlet extractor works, not the chemical, solvent and chemical components part, but rather the physical, hydrodynamic, siphoning part : why ...
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BTX nitration work-up
I'm trying to understand washing step in a btx nitration process. In all these processes the work-up streams are very similar. The reaction mixture passes from the nitrator to a separator or ...
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Natural Sources for S-(-)-Limonene?
I'm interested in developing an undergrad organic lab that delves deeper into distillation/extraction, optical rotation and enantiomers. Our lab currently does a steam distillation extracting R-(+)-...
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Extraction of copper from chalcopyrite
During the extraction of copper from chalcopyrite ore, the ore ($\ce{Cu2S.Fe2S3}$) is heated to form $\ce{Cu2S}$ and $\ce{FeS}$. Then during smelting it reacts with $\ce{O2}$ to form $\ce{Cu2O}$.
Then ...
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Can I dissolve IBA from talc powder?
My container of in total 25 grams of rooting powder contains 2.5 mg IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid), which is mixed with talc powder and a tiny bit of chromium(III)oxide. I know talc is not soluble in ...
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Why is oil solubility improved in solvents at higher temperatures?
This is in the case of extracting plant oil using a solvent extraction method for the purposes of biodiesel production.
In a paper, it is stated that increased oil yield may be due to the 'increase in ...
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How do you achieve phase separation of a methanol / chloroform solution?
If I'm washing a methanol solution with chloroform, can I just add water in a 1:1 mixture with the methanol and expect it to break? Do I need to do anything else to cause the aqueous phase to separate ...
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In solvent extraction from plant cells, what is the static organic solvent film formed?
I am researching the mechanisms behind solvent extraction of oil from microalgal cells, and it is stated in one paper that in the process of transferring the lipid out of the cell, the solvent-lipid ...
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Looking for caffeine partition coefficients
As part of a project, I'm looking to carry out a liquid-liquid extraction of caffeine from an aqueous phase to an organic phase, using dichloromethane or ethyl acetate.
So I'm looking for the ...
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How to selectively adsorb caffeine on activated carbon filter?
As part of a project on decaffeination methods, I'm looking to see how activated carbon filters can selectively adsorb caffeine in tea and coffee solutions, and avoid adsorbing other taste-giving ...
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Condenser shooting out hexane in a soxhlet extraction
Im running a soxhlet extraction using hexane as the solvent. Once the hexane has filled up the soxhlet, a considerable amount of hexane will come out on top of the condenser. Is this an issue with ...
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When an aqueous extract of a substance is said to be administered at a certain quantity, is the quoted mass analogous to one as original substance?
I'm trying to read studies about the possible toxicity of the leaves of some plant often said to possess positive medicinal properties.
In the studies, performed on rats, it is usually said that an ...
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Are there any tests which distinguish between triglycerides and polar lipids/impurities that can be conducted in a high school setting?
I am currently writing a research essay about using a mixed polar (methanol) and non-polar (heptane) solvent system to extract oil from mango seed kernels. One of the difficulties of using polar ...
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Separating plant extract from ethanol solution
I have to do an experiment which involves getting the extract of certain leaves. I had decided to macerate it in ethanol (70%) solution and then to evaporate the solvent using water bath/rotary ...
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Effect of coffee brew water concentration on further extraction in immersion brewing
In immersion brewing coffee is extracted with an increasingly saturated solution, as opposed to percolation brewing, where the extraction is performed with a continous supply of fresh water.
Because ...
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How do I extract anthocyanin from a blueberry?
I am doing a school project to extract anthocyanin from a fruit. I chose blueberry. What is a step by step method to extract the anthocyanin? I have to do it in school so hopefully its not a very ...
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Related to liquid-liquid extraction
I was reading about purification of organic compounds and I came across this.
I quote below, a line from the excerpt that caused my confusion.
The organic solvent is later removed by distillation or ...
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How can over grinding lead to reduced API extraction in HPLC analysis?
I am looking for some advice regarding particle size distribution (PSD) & how this can be affected by grinding a tablet.
During an assay by HPLC, the method requires grinding of a tablet before ...
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Can I extract solid sugar from any fruit juice at home?
The goal here is to isolate the sugar from all other compounds in the juice. In this case, I'm using apple juice and grape juice. The sugar does not need to be edible, as it is being used to make r-...
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Make Acetic Acid from wood
I would like to know if it would be possible to make Acetic Acid from Wood. I know that you can charcoal wood to get the gases, cool it, and get the liquid. This would yield a bunch of chemicals in a ...
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are refractometers generic?
I need to check the presence (and also purity approx) of a substance in solution. I have a very good reference (10mg/1ml - the substance in water).
Can I use a refractometer to do this?
I am trying to ...
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Extracting other mineral from salt in evaporated seawater
I recently stumbled upon this news:
Seawater contains 47 minerals and metals. Starting with the most abundant and proceeding to the least abundant, these are chloride, with a concentration of $\pu{18 ...
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How to extract pure potassium carbonate from ash?
In our village, lots of ash is produced which is thrown off. I want to extract pure potassium carbonate from that ash. I am able to extract the potassium compound and a soluble compound by ...
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How do i get acetic acid from vinegar?
I'm trying to improve my rocket project, but, since the competition only allows the use of vinegar and sodium bicarbonate as its fuel, I had an idea of using the vinegar in a different way. My plan ...
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Purification of Red Phosphorus
The Boring Stuff
I'm well acquainted with various fields of science & engineering, but my foray into the world of chemistry is relatively recent.
I'm in a location (probably most of us are to some ...
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In Na extraction, is Ca2+ of CaCl2 reduced in addition to Na+ of NaCl in electrolysis
In Na extraction from $\ce{NaCl}$, $\ce{CaCl2}$ is added in electrolysis to lower the melting point of the mixture to about $\pu{750 ^\circ C}$. But doesn't $\ce{Ca^2+}$ cation compete with the $\ce{...
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Choise of solvent for extraction
In the synthesis of (S)-Diphenyl(pyrrolidine-2yl)methanol, I need to extract the product using an organic solvent and water. Which organic solvent is the most suitable in this case?
Ethyl acetate: I ...
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Is the width of a Soxhlet Condenser Inherent to its Function?
Soxhlet extractors are often coupled to a specifically designed condenser with a very large lower joint.
Is this inherent to it's function as a condenser in the apparatus or only because the Soxhlet ...
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