Questions tagged [distillation]
For questions about the process of distillation. For the distillation process used in metal refining, also use the [metallurgy] tag.
77
questions
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1answer
25 views
Separate less volatile component from distilling a mixture [on hold]
Is it a strict rule that when we boil a mixture of two liquids, with one being less volatile than the other, the more volatile vapour has to form the greater portion of the total vapours?
If it is so,...
0
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2answers
55 views
Can you heat something at alcohol bath?
I have a mixture of $\ce{Et2O},$ $\ce{EtOH}$ and water, and I want to distill off the ether. I am using a water bath so not much water is distilled over, as the boiling water is 100 °C, and the ...
1
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2answers
71 views
Glass joint stuck in flask
I am doing distillation using system of glassware including a flask and a glass joint. Recently I've faced a problem: the glass joint stuck in the flask. I tried to remove it but it broke and hurted ...
0
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1answer
39 views
Why does steam distillation work?
I'm aware that there is a similar question here but it didn't really answer my specific questions.
I understand that steam distillation is used to separate an insoluble liquid from an aqueous solution,...
0
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1answer
23 views
What are the components of a labware setup for short-path distillation?
I've recently become interested in short-path distillation and have found that most kits are in the thousands of dollars. So I thought that I would compile the labware myself.
I understand the theory ...
0
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1answer
52 views
Can I determine purity of isopropanol with a hydrometer?
Assuming I start with a known 99.8% purity of isopropanol, after recovery with a distillation apparatus, could I use a hydrometer to test for water content? If so, is there a special one I should use?
2
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0answers
48 views
Is there a way to form only ortho product without using fractional distillation?
Using benzene and ethane as your only source of carbon in the final molecule, synthesize the following using any useful reagents. Reaction must form pure ortho compound.
I have to form the ...
-2
votes
1answer
70 views
Is 99% Isopropyl Alcohol sold in stores really 99%?
My understanding is that an azeotropic mixture of isopropanol and water is 91%. This makes sense as to why there are so many brands of rubbing alcohol sold at 91%. There are also some sold as 99%, ...
1
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2answers
75 views
At what position in the distillation apparatus does the temperature match the boiling point of the distilled substance?
A student is separating $\ce{CHCl3}$ (bp = $\pu{61 ^{\circ}C}$) from $\ce{CHCl2CHCl2}$ (bp = $\pu{146 ^{\circ}C}$) by distillation. She has just begun to collect the first distillate in the receiving ...
3
votes
1answer
73 views
Distillation: temperature not reaching azeotrope boiling point
I ran a simple distillation of $\ce{HBr}$/water mixture because I wanted to purify it. Boiling point of azeotropic hydrobromic acid is approx. $\pu{124 ^\circ C}$, however my distillation ran almost ...
0
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2answers
546 views
Use of fractional distillation in organic chemistry [closed]
Can fractional distillation be used to distinguish between:
1) d/l form of a compound
2) geometrical isomers of a compoun (Cis and Trans)
1
vote
2answers
90 views
Why we don't we save water by boiling the contaminated water to get the pure steam?
I see lot of drinkable water wasted in household and industrial activities, water usually gets contaminated with detergents(and other household materials),chemical effluents released from factories .
...
1
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1answer
241 views
Why is ethanol distilled off before adding water in the first step of a malonic synthesis?
I am doing a malonic synthesis shown below, and I wonder why I should distill ethanol off before adding water in the first step of the reaction (First I add absolute ethanol and solid sodium).
2
votes
1answer
34 views
Removing water/moisture from car exhaust [closed]
I know that car exhaust is almost entirely nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide. How would I go about removing the water? Would I have to condense it off? Any devices already exist for doing so?
2
votes
1answer
56 views
Double surface in the pressure temperature concentration curve for a binary mixture
In the 3 dimensional diagram given, when a constant pressure plane intersects with the double surface, it produces a looped curve without a maxima or minima. What is the double surface and how is the ...
0
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1answer
175 views
Last step of nicotine extraction using DCM
After using hydro-distillation method with distilled water and NaOH, separating the extract with dichloromethane, distillate it at 40 °C/104 °F, I'm left with some yellow pale oil.
I'm just wondering ...
0
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1answer
74 views
What is the difference, if there is, between this two distillation methods?
Reading about water vapor distillation, I found two differents approaches:
Direct one
Indirect one.
The first has an arrange like:
Here the chamber contains water and the plant. It is cooled and ...
3
votes
0answers
54 views
Do theoretical plates required to obtain a pure product decrease under vacuum distillation?
For this question I am using Ethanol as an example. The following is the vapor-liquid equilibrium diagram for Ethanol under atmospheric pressures.
Under reduced pressures do the number of theoretical ...
2
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0answers
34 views
What is the future of water treatment, and why we don't use enough purified sea and freshwater? [closed]
I understand thermal and membrane distillation are very expensive and that slowed down their usage, but now we can bring 100% clean energy to power them. Except the set-up, the price of materials and ...
3
votes
1answer
342 views
Isopropyl alcohol still leaves evaporation residue after distillation
I just finished distilling two liters of IPA because evaporating 5 ml on a watch glass revealed it to contain quite a bit of dissolved impurities. However, it still leaves some residue, even though I ...
1
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0answers
72 views
What causes both components of a binary gas mix to condensate at the same time for a given composition
Okay, so recently I encountered the temperature - mole fraction diagrams for binary vapour-liquid equilibrium. For now, I only consider two-component systems where the components are very similar and ...
8
votes
2answers
973 views
Enrichment of D2O
The Wikipedia page for deuterium oxide (heavy water) says that its boiling point is 374.5 K and the one for ordinary water is 373.13 K.
Is there a way of distillation which we can use to enrich ...
1
vote
1answer
30 views
Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium
I have been studying flash distillation, and I am reading the VLE tables my textbook has provided.
I am looking at these tables and I am not understanding the data, I think.
Why is the vapour mole ...
8
votes
2answers
301 views
Do light and heavy water form an azeotrope?
(Interested in the general principle too, not just for water and its variants, but with particular emphasis on it.)
When you distill a weak ethanol-in-water solution, you get a condensate that's ...
2
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0answers
54 views
Is it possible to fractionally distill a compound made up of substances with very similar boiling points?
Let's say I have a solution that is made up of substances that have very similar boiling points, say less than 5 degrees apart. Is it even possible to fractionally distill those substances, say, using ...
2
votes
1answer
103 views
What is this glassware between flask and condenser to collect liquid?
I've been trying to identify this piece of glassware for ages now. I've been combing the internet and can't seem find anything similar. It looks like some kind of adapter/collecter/trap that sits on ...
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0answers
34 views
Distillery Transfer Hoses
I was hoping an actual person could offer me some advice. I work in a craft distillery and I'm getting a lot of mixed information on how compatible PVC is with high-proof alcohol. It definitely seems ...
0
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0answers
352 views
Column pressure control in distillation
In the industry , it's important to maintain the column pressure control in the distillation column .
" Pressure alterations will alter column vapour loads and temperature profiles. .
So when using ...
0
votes
1answer
2k views
Distillation of aniline/water mixture
I read from a source that aniline and water can be separated by steam distillation. But isn't this senseless as steam distillation will simply add more water and make separation more difficult?
0
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1answer
725 views
How can I remove water vapor from an airstream without a cold trap?
I'm trying to perform vacuum distillation at home with a rotary vane vacuum pump.
In order to not ruin my vacuum pump, solvent vapor (in my case, water) should be removed from the air before it ...
4
votes
2answers
5k views
How to increase the concentration of HCl
Today I have purchased some $\ce{HCl(aq)}$ on my local market with a concentration of 23%.
However, I need to obtain a concentration of 37% in order to perform an experiment. Can I use distillation ...
1
vote
1answer
46 views
Can liquids be made a lot purer than by fractional distilation?
Suppose you have a fused quartz tube with one closed end coiled into a spiral with a diameter of more than 10 m and you submerge it into a mixture of water and ethanol in a way that gets rid of all ...
3
votes
1answer
61 views
How does electrophoretic separation work in terms of separating soil into minerals?
I found this diagram and would like to know how it works with soil.
Google searches yield protein/biology things, anyone know how this method would work with soil?
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1answer
131 views
Would distilling a sodium fluoride solution generate hydrogen fluoride to any noticeable extent?
If you have a solution of NaF, and you boil it (to get pure water by distillation) can the fluoride ions in water separate from sodium ions and combine with hydrogen ions to form HF? ...
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0answers
652 views
How to get anhydrous triflic acid from triflic anhydride?
I require a small amount of triflic acid, and while other research groups do not have any, I did locate some trflic anhydride. Does anyone have a published protocol for obtaining the anhydrous acid ...
18
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6answers
5k views
Un-denaturing industrial alcohol
I have a question regarding the denaturation of industrial ethanol with methanol to discourage its consumption.
The boiling point of methanol is 64.7 °C, while the boiling point of ethanol is 78.37 °...
3
votes
2answers
1k views
Condenser length?
I notice that Graham condensers tend to come in three main sizes: 200mm, 300mm and 400mm. What are the relative merits of each size?
My typical application is vacuum distillation of organic solvents ...
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0answers
1k views
Distillation for separating very close boiling components
When components of a mixture have very similar Boiling Points, say 2 C is distillation ever a viable separation procedure at industrial scale?
Assuming one were willing to install a very tall column,...
5
votes
4answers
148 views
To heat or not to heat; distillation?
One of the questions in a recent past paper I completed was:
One way to make water from the reservoir suitable for drinking is by distillation.
Describe how water is distilled.
And I answered ...
1
vote
1answer
268 views
How to separate benzyl alcohol and meta-cresol
Benzyl alcohol and meta-cresol boiling point's are not so different, the fractional distillation will be very difficult, what can i do for separate this two composites ?
2
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1answer
1k views
Most efficient way to purify household vinegar: distillation or freezing?
I am aware that there are better ways to purify acetic acid out of a water-acid mixture than these, but which one out of distillation (using heat) and fractional freezing (using cold) would gain a ...
0
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2answers
1k views
Fractional distillation of crude oil and resulting fuel ratios
I understand from the diagram below that different fuels condense at different temperatures. But I don't know anything about crude oil (and very little about chemistry in general).
Could I simply ...
0
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2answers
3k views
Denatured Ethyl Alcohol Purification
I have denatured ethyl alcohol which was obtained this formula;
In 100 L ethyl alcohol there is 0.8 gr denatonium benzoate and 78 gr tert-Butyl alcohol.
Is there any way to obtain absolute ethyl ...
2
votes
1answer
747 views
Deuterium depleted water through fractional distilation
Could a packed fractional still of the same type used to distill ethanol to 95% be used to produce deuterium depleted drinking water? The still has a 1000 watt electric heating element and has a ...
2
votes
1answer
465 views
Distilling small volume
I have 50 ml of a compound I would like to purify. Since the impurities presents have close boiling points (b.p.), I have to use fractional distillation. Am I going to lose significant quantity of my ...
4
votes
2answers
3k views
Choosing a vacuum pump for fractional distillation
I have a fractional distillation setup. I would like to purify a small mixture ($\pu{\approx 100-150 mL}$) of high boiling point compounds (between $200$ and $\pu{300^\circ C}$). The one that ...
3
votes
1answer
179 views
Fractional distillation of a product differs from the components listed in the SDS. What am I doing wrong?
I recently bought a product called Prestone De-Icer for Windows and Wipers which claimed to contain Methanol. I was puzzled when using it to note that it did not smell much like Methanol so I looked ...
0
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2answers
221 views
overall energy and the boiling point
i need help with the fractional distillation method of a couple of substances at least more than two substances , just like air actually what am i looking for is that why do substances in air with a ...
-1
votes
2answers
2k views
boiling point and distillation relation
i need help with the fractional distillation method of a couple of substances at least more than two substances , just like air
actually what am i looking for is that why do substances in air with a ...
2
votes
1answer
190 views
Does Dean Kamen's Slingshot really filter virtually everything?
According to Dean Kamen (in the movie http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3242934/) and on the Net (http://www.popsci.com/article/science/pure-genius-how-dean-kamens-invention-could-bring-clean-water-millions)...
