Questions tagged [conductivity]
A material's ability to conduct electric current or thermal energy by any means.
219 questions
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Unexpected measurements results with prototype transformer-type inductive conductivity sensor (TICS)
I previously created a post about my prototype conductivity sensor on the Electronics Stackexchange because I suspected a problem in my electronic design (more details can be found there):
Electronics ...
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Is this normal in an electrolyzer?
I made a dry cell electrolyzer using graphite foil. I hoping for minimal corrosion, but only after some time of running, the both the anodes and cathodes are destroyed. Picture at the bottom. Does ...
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Are all covalent compounds non-conductors of electricity?
According to my textbook:
The covalent compounds are said to be polar when the shared pair of electrons are not at equal distance between the two atoms. This results in the development of fractional ...
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Variation of Molar Conductivity [duplicate]
Consider 10 moles of X dissolved in 1 L solution, molarity 10M, and volume occupied by 1 mole of X is $\pu{100 cm3}$, so molar conductivity of X is $k\times\pu{100cm^3}$, k being conductivity. So on ...
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Why MgB2 is superconductor and AlB2 not?
MgB2 and AlB2 crystallize in a hexagonal system in the structure shown below. The lattice constants c are 0.352 and 0.325 nm, respectively. MgB2 is a superconductor and AlB2 is a semiconductor. What ...
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Can alkaline earth chalcogenides be doped with halogens for conductivity?
Which salts, of all the binary alkaline earth chalcogenides with a 'rock-salt' structure, can be doped with halogen anions replacing some of the chalcogen, without destroying the lattice? (That is not ...
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How do I create a highly conductive vapor cloud [closed]
I'm working on a project that requires that I create an electrically conductive gas cloud that can conduct voltages as low as 1.5v from a regular double A battery. I've been looking into using mecury ...
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Why don't room temperature superconductors exist?
It seems like high-temperature and low-temperature superconductors are not too rare. But, why don't any superconductors work at room temperature? No theories seem to predict their occurrence, but none ...
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Is there such thing as metallic helium?
I know that hydrogen can behave as a conductor under high pressure (metallic hydrogen); however could helium behave similarly under high pressure? If so, could this have any potential benefits over ...
user145192
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What exactly is the area used in the equation R=ρl/A to find the resistance of an electrolyte?
My textbook says the resistance $R$ of a water column filled with some electrolyte is
$$R=ρl/A,$$
where $ρ$ is the resistivity, $l$ is the distance between the electrodes, and $A$ is the area of cross ...
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What happens to an ongoing electrolysis when you turn off the battery?
Suppose you do an electrolysis experiment, where you have
two carbon electrodes,
a battery,
and water in a which a strong electrolyte, like NaCl, is dissolved.
The circuit is closed and the ...
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How does graphite content affect the conductivity of pencil lead?
My peers and I started an experiment to test whether we could use the conductivity of a piece of pencil lead to determine its grade (that is, whether it is 2H, HB, 3B etc.). The paper Observational ...
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How to coat stainless steel?
I am trying to coat stainless steel with carbon black. I am using Polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF 2% as a binder. I dip and I heat at 100C.
The coating that comes out is very fragile where you can blow ...
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Charge as a function of time in electrolysis
According to Faraday's laws of electrolysis,
$\frac{Q}{Z}$ = no. of moles of substance released (n), where Z is n-factor x 96500. Assuming the electrolyte is a strong electrolyte, specific ...
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What is the ionic conductivity of the hydroperoxide ion?
Hydrogen peroxide is supposed to dissociate as
$$\ce{H2O2 <=> H+ + HO2-}$$
But I can't find a source for the conductivity, $\lambda$, of the hydroperoxide anion $(\ce{OOH-}$ or $\ce{HO2-})$ on ...
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Constituents of LaI2 [closed]
An ionic solid $\ce{LaI2}$ shows electrical conduction due to presence of which anions and cations?
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Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of diatomite (also known as diatomaceous earth or kieselguhr) [closed]
Does anyone know where can I find measured thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of diatomite for different temperatures? I'm looking for the temperature dependency for temperatures higher than ...
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Study of superconductivity from organic compounds
What advancements have been made in understanding and applying organic superconductor materials?
Although traditionally superconductivity has been studied in inorganic materials, are there any organic ...
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Can we add specific conductivities at any concentration?
Suppose we have specific conductivities of $\pu{0.1 M}$ $\ce{K+}$ and $\pu{0.1 M}$ $\ce{Cl-}$. Can we add their specific conductivities to get specific conductivity of $\pu{0.1 M}$ $\ce{KCl}$?
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How do the ions in electrolytes lead to lower dielectric constants compared to pure water?
I am interested in the salts used in the gel electrophoresis buffers. As I understand it, one of their roles is to change the conductivity of the medium, because otherwise the electric field would be ...
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will adding metal nano particles to a CNT-polymer matrix increase the conductivity of the polymer?
I was wondering would just physical mixing of metal nano powders with MWCNT in a polymer matrix improve the conductivity of the said polymer? Would the metal particles interact with the CNT network. I ...
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What has caused a plateau in the lead up to the equivalence point of a conductometric titration?
In a titration of HCl against NH3OH, conductivity had increased in a linear fashion (think y=x), and before it approached the equivalence point, there was approximately 0.8mL of 'plateau'. Before ...
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Why is the conductivity of NaCl, NaBr and NaI decreasing with temperature?
I collected the conductivity of NaCl, NaBr, and NaI from 30 celsius to 80 celsius. I used the solutions mixed in water.
In all instances, the conductivity seemed to reduce as the temperature increased....
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What is the highest temperature, ambient pressure type-1 superconductor as of 2022?
I was curious about the highest known Tc for type 1 superconductors.
This list suggests lead near 7K is as good as it gets for type-1 superconductors but I wonder if that is true given the current ...
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On the definition of Molar conductivity
The textbook I follow defines the conductivity, $\kappa$, as
$$\text{Conductance} \ G=\frac{1}{R}=\kappa \frac Al$$
The inverse of resistivity, called conductivity, is represented by the symbol $\...
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Degree of dissociation and conductance
My book says ratio of molar conductance at a given concentration of solute and molar concentration at infinite dilution is equal to degree of dissociation for weak electrolytes.
I understand it ...
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How can we define molar conductivity as the conductance of 1 ml of electrolytic solution?
I've been taught that conductance ($G$) of an electrolytic solution is the inverse of the resistance of the solution, and conductivity ($\kappa$) is the inverse of the resistivity. From this, we have
$...
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What non-toxic non-corrosive liquids are used for heat transfer?
I have a steel vessel placed concentrically within a larger steel vessel, resulting in air-filled annulus (air gap) between the two vessel walls (figure below). Due to the existing vessel construction,...
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Why do we define molar conductivity?
I've learnt about conductivity and molar conductivity in school.
I know that conductivity is the conductance of a solution of unit volume/ of unit cross-sectional area and distance between the ...
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Continuous measurement of urea concentration in water
My colleague and I are working with fertilizers, and we are trying to continuously measure the concentration of urea in water (In situ concentration as function of time). There are two condition that ...
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Electrical conductivity of a NaOH solution
We are doing a simple water electrolysis experiment but I have issues with the electrolyte solution.
Took 450ml of distilled water and slowly dissolved 50g of NaOH until heating ceased. If I'm not ...
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Conductometric titration curve plotting
In the conductometric titation of HCl vs NaOH, the conductance initially decreases, reaches a minimum at equivalence point, and then the slope of the curve becomes positive:
Source: https://chart-...
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Why is the rubber tip of my capacitive stylus no longer conductive?
In 2014, so eight years ago, I bought five styluses from China. Cheap stuff obviously. They worked fine while I used them, but soon after they were just left in a drawer. Last night I realized that ...
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Linearity of electrochemical cells and electrical conductivity measurement
I've measured the output signal of a few commercially available conductivity meters and was surprised to see that the signal was typically a square wave of amplitude in the range of 1.5 to 6 Vpp (peak-...
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What is the net gain of charge carriers in a semiconductor if an atom is removed?
In pure germanium, all Ge atoms are bonded with a tetrahedral geometry. It has a band gap and is a semiconductor. If we remove one Ge atom, what type(s) and how many charge carriers will be generated? ...
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Why is polystyrene (PS) an electrical insulator
The reason behind why graphite is electrically conductive is as ancient as the age of the Queen: that, electrons inside the benzene ring are delocalised.
However, if one looks the repeating unit of ...
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Descriptive explanation of different Carbon Nanotubes Conductivity
I'm soon having a talk about Carbon Nanotube FETs and wanted to give a short introduction into CNTs in general. Of course for device operation it's important that some types of single-walled CNTs are ...
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Commercially available conductive polymers
I am looking for intrinsically conductive plastics (not plastics that are made conductive by filling them with carbon black for example). I have found that there are conductive polymers like ...
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Molar conductivity calculation in a titration curve
At an exam for analytical chemistry, I was asked to calculate the molar conductivity of a solution for an ongoing titration. I just solved it the way our professor showed it to us but I have some ...
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Literature recommendation - non-stationary heat transfer in porous solids
I am trying to calculate a non-stationary heat transfer to a porous spheres by conduction.
These spheres are placed in a thin metal tubes with a known heat capacity. Hot/cold air (or similar gaseous ...
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Why does temperature increase rate of electrolysis even though resistivity of electrodes increase?
My experiment is just the electrolysis of iron rust at different temperatures. It consists of a rusted iron cathode and an iron anode in a salt water solution. From my data, there is an approximately ...
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Why is 1413 µS/cm specifically the "standard" conductivity standard?
I'm doing some work on conductivity sensor calibration, and noticed that all the conductivity standard suppliers offer a 1413 µS/cm standard solution. Why is this oddly specific value the "...
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Characteristics of metals compatible with semiconductor grade Ultra Pure Water (UPW)?
I am looking to build a water conductivity sensor for semiconductor grade Ultra Pure Water (UPW). UPW conductivity sensors already exist, but because of price and low water volume I need to fabricate ...
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Why doesn't NaCl work for electrolysis? [closed]
So I found out online that to increase the conductivity of water for electrolysis, NaCl or NaOH is used.
However, upon using a low amount of NaCl in water and passing 12V through the solution, I ...
user117807
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Why is copper a better conductor of electricity than calcium?
How would we compare the electrical conductivity between copper and calcium? I understand that electrical conductivity of a metal is dependent on the number of delocalized electrons for that metal. ...
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Is this true for conductivity of mixture of two solutions equal to the sum of conductivities of each solution?
Suppose $\ce{Na2SO4}$ has a conductivity $\pu{2.6 \times 10^{-4} S cm-1}$ and on mixing $\ce{CaSO4}$ to saturation, the conductivity becomes $\pu{7.0 \times 10^{-4} S cm-1}$.
So, Is the conductivity ...
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Ionic mobilities and conductivities of lithium and potassium cations in acetonitrile–propylene carbonate solution
Recently I calculated the ionic mobility and molar ionic conductivity values for $\ce{Li+}$ and $\ce{K+}$ cations in an acetonitrile–propylene carbonate binary mix solution (8:2 molar fraction ratio).
...
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Why does conductivity of a solution of sodium in liquid ammonia decrease with a decrease in temperature?
What happens to the conductivity when a solution of sodium in liquid ammonia at $\pu{-33^{\circ}C}$ (Boiling point of ammonia) is further cooled?
I expected the solution to behave as any other ...
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Can alkali-doped exohedral fullerene molecules show superconducivity?
Alkali doped fullerenes are one of the few organic materials that show superconductivity. However, when attaching a new molecular system to a fullerene doped with an alkali metal, will it still show ...
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Why does the graph of the electrical conductivity of sulfuric acid/water solutions have this knee in the ~85%-~92% range?
This answer to an earlier question regarding the electrical conductivity of sulfuric acid provides a graph showing the conductivity of sulfuric acid/water mixtures ranging from 0% to 100% sulfuric ...
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