Questions tagged [chemical-potential]
The chemical-potential tag has no usage guidance.
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What solvents can I use to dissolve Epichlorohydrin rubber and Chloroprene Rubber
I am working with Epichlorohydrin and Chloroprene Rubbers and I would like to cast films of 2 mm at most. The solvents I have in my lab are DMSO, THF, DMF, Acetone, Ethanol and Propylene Carbonate. ...
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Total Differential of Chemical Potential
I have seen many sources (for example this libretext) cite that the total differential of chemical potential is
$$d\mu = V_m dP - S_m dT$$
where $V_m$ is the molar volume and $S_m$ is the molar ...
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What meaning does Gibbs energy acquire when applied to solutions?
I have been picturing functions like enthalpy and Gibbs free energy as mathematical tools, which were defined in such a way as to be useful for some specific cases. I understood enthalpy as a useful ...
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Thermodynamics potential and differences between them
There are 5 most common thermodynamics potential -
But we will discuss about only three of them -
Internal energy (∆U)
Enthalpy(∆H)
Gibbs free energy (∆G)
As Gibbs free energy is also a ...
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If gaseous oxygen and dissolved oxygen (in water) have the same partial pressure, will they diffuse into solid materials at comparable rate?
To be specific, I am wondering about the dynamics of molecular oxygen diffusion into gas-permeable polymer materials, which is the sensing process of the optical oxygen probe (polymer-encapsulated ...
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Why is electrochemical potential defined as sum of electrical potential and apparent electrical potential energy?
Engel and Reid's Physical Chemistry [1, p. 308] defines the electrochemical potential in terms of the charge in units of the electron charge $(z),$ Faraday constant $(F),$ and electrical potential $(\...
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What if kc=1 will reactants concentration equals to product concentration [closed]
I read a book, it says if kc=1 it mean reactant concentration equals to product concentration at equilibrium. But I'm wondering that in kc expression we dont just use concentration of an element we ...
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Chemical potentials of mixture of two kinds of ideal gases vs. ideal gas separated by partition
Consider the below physical situations:
(i) Closed rigid container of volume $V$ that is isolated from the rest of the universe with uniform temperature $T$ and pressure $P$ filled and mixed with two ...
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Do "pseudo Van der Waals" gases exist?
In college, when deriving the Langmuir isotherm for gas-solid adsorption, the professor proposed a modified version of the Van der Waals state equation, what he called the "pseudo Van der Waals ...
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Question on Nernst equation [closed]
What does the graph of cell potential versus temperature look like? Would that look same as the graph between cell potential and temperature difference?
(Please correct me if I am missing some concept!...
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Can chemical potential be directly measured like this?
I have a system of a pure ideal gas $a$, which I call 'the reference', with a known $P^{ref}, V^{ref}, T^{ref}$ and $n^{ref}_a$. I know the chemical potential formula for an ideal gas, so can ...
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What is the necessary and sufficient condition for a mixture to be ideal?
I am trying to understand some concepts from solution thermodynamics related to ideal mixtures and fugacity. My main question is what is the necessary and sufficient condition for a mixture to be an ...
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What exactly happens in a Chemical Potential Energy Graph? [duplicate]
Along the x-axis, the progress of the reaction is observed, while along the y-axis, the potential energy of the reactants/products are observed. They keep rising until they attain the required ...
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Why does the equation for chemical potential apply to liquids and aqueous solutes?
The equation for chemical potential of a gas can be derived as such:
At constant temperature,
$$\mathrm dG = V\,\mathrm dP \label{eqn:1}\tag{1}$$
Substituting with the ideal gas law $PV = nRT$,
$$\...
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Meaning of chemical potential in chemical reactions
In my thermodynamics course, we introduced the chemical potential as a modification of the first + second law of thermodynamics in the case of a system that can exchange particles with its ...
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How to apply a certain voltage vs SHE
For one of my projects, I must apply a voltage at the electrodes of -1V and +2V vs SHE. But my device potentiostat picks a voltages of 3V. How am i certain that it doesn't apply the voltage between -...
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Equilibrium chemical potential if the population is not conserved?
The chemical potential, $\mu$, is equal to the free energy $F$, per photon.
$$F = \mu = u-Ts$$
The energy per photon is $u=h\nu$ and $s$ is the entropy per photon. Say we have a process where an ...
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How Sodium Nitrite Interacts with Air and Humidity
What happens to integrity of sodium nitrite (NaNo², CAS: 7632-00-0) of AR grade when it gets exposed to air?
If container has been opened and chemical has been exposed to air for a few minutes and ...
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Is equilibrium point for a coupled equilibria of arbitary number of coupled reactions is a unique point?
I was solving a question of salt hydrolysis for a mixture of Weak Acid-Base Salts, given the initial amount of salt and Equilibrium constants. I was trying to approach the problem in two ways, ...
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Do helium and neon form "stable" chemical compounds?
Helium and neon are the two most unreactive elements in the Periodic Table, but could they form compounds with an element such as fluorine that won't spontaneously explode and decompose outside of ...
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Enthalpy in the van't Hoff equation
In the van't Hoff equation, why do we say that the change in enthalpy at standard pressure is constant? My book derives the equation for a mixture of ideal gases reacting with each other. The proof ...
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Practical meaning of omega potential
In statistical thermodynamics, the quantity omega potential is defined and is different for fermions, photons, phonons and other particles .
I have been understanding the derivations of omega ...
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Do high-energy chemical bonds indicate strong chemical bonds?
In my head it seems reasonable that a high-energy bond would indicate that the bond is strong, however a question got me thinking.
Take for example lead azide, a very explosive compound that is often ...
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Ordered and random energy [closed]
One of the books refer to potential energy being ordered whereas heat energy being random. Could someone explain what is ordered and random energy?
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CO2 Catalytic Converter
We all know how CO2, as a greenhouse gas affects the climate and causes global warming. I was thinking of a small device, which could be attached to the exhaust pipe of an automobile. It could convert ...
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Physical significance of chemical potential and fugacity
I'm studying equilibria and thermodynamics and came across these two terms.
My problem is, unlike other thermodynamic properties that I can understand physically like volume, pressure, enthalpy etc. ...
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Working out energies of hydrogen bonds by comparing chemical potential of vapour and condensed phase - equation derivation
I want to ask a question about working out the energy of a hydrogen bond between two water molecules, $w_{AA}$ using the chemical potentials of vapour and condensed phases.
I was reading K. Dill, ...
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how to obtain potential curves from database?
I'm sorry if this is a really super basic question. I am looking at the potential curves of a diatomic molecule in a book , and to plot them. I google the molecule and got to the NIST website, there I ...
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How to experimentally determine the chemical potential of salt water? [closed]
I have NaCl dissolved in water. How do I find the chem potential?
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Chemical potential and gibbs free energy
I would like to ask why the $\Delta_rG_1 = -RT\ln K + RT\ln Q$ is not equal to $Δ_rG_2$ numerically as shown in the figure where I derived $\Delta_rG_2 = RT\ln Q$ using a cyclic ring since $\Delta_rG$ ...
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Integration of chemical potential
I want to ask a question about chemical potential, $\mu$.
I dislike the use of integrals to describe quantities in thermodynamics. If we observe the definition of chemical potential for constant ...
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