Chemistry

Questions tagged [chemical-engineering]

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For questions about processes in commercial chemical manufacturing.

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22 views

Using the electrical potential created by the electron transport chain to power electrical systems

My friend and I were discussing the extremely low energy density of modern batteries and read that food has a much higher energy density. Thus, we were considering the possibility of using biological ...
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1answer
24 views

VOC conversion question

I'm trying to find out if a particular paint is considered low VOC. The only piece of data I have available is that the VOC content is $\pu{10 \mu mol / m^3}$. What does that equal in $\pu{g/L}$ of ...
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Two-Phase Pressure Drops in Screen-Plate Bubble Column

I am reading the paper A Correlation of Two-Phase Pressure Drops in Screen-Plate Bubble Column The goal of the paper is to come up with a regression model for a correction factor (denoted $K$) for a ...
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14 views

Can triethylene glycol be used to remove polypropylene from the die during the glycol bath process?

We use the glycol bath die cleaning process in order to clean our die which are used to extrude materials from PBT and PET. Can triethylene glycol be used in order to clean a die containing ...
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54 views

X-ray bombardment of CaCl2 and its resultant chemical changes

If one were to take $\pu{1 mol}$ of pure liquid Calcium Chloride (at $\pu{600 ^\circ C}$) and bombard it with $\pu{7.65 \times 10^{14} Ci}$ ($\pu{2.83 \times 10^25 particles}$) of x-rays ($\pu{75 keV}$...
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1answer
52 views

What is the difference between ideal stages and transfer units in a packed bed gas absorber?

I am having a hard time grasping what these two concepts are supposed to mean and how they differ. What I know so far is: In a counter-current gas absorber, if we set the inlet and outlet ...
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47 views

Is it possible to create an arbitrary, stable, unique chemical fingerprint? [closed]

Context: I want to be able to hash real-world objects Is it possible to create a substance containing a combination of elements (or isotopes?) in a random and difficult to reproduce (but simple to ...
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1answer
68 views

Is it possible to make micelles to pick up Microplastics from water?

I'd like to know if I could get micelles to pick up microplastics in water. I read that microplastics are sometimes charged, so can we make the lyophobic end to pick up microplastics, so that they can ...
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0answers
56 views

How to charge titanium dioxide particles for a DIY e-paper capsule? [closed]

I'm trying to make a single e-paper capsule (1 cm × 1 cm) at home. At first, I tried to charge the $\ce{TiO2}$ particles by putting them in $\ce{H2O}$ with $\ce{NaOH}$ and then putting that whole ...
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38 views

Chloride Process TiO2 recovery

In the chloride process (the process used to create titanium oxide from titanium ore), how is TiO2 collected? What prevents the TiO2 from building up on the walls of the reactor chamber? It's my ...
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30 views

Reaction between chlorine gas and oxygen at 600 degrees Centigrade

Chlorine gas will not normally react with oxygen gas directly at STP. However, would the two react at standard pressure and 600 degrees Centigrade?
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1answer
38 views

Numerical simulation and calculations of pH

a. Reaction of $\ce{CO2}$ addition in water is as follows: $\ce{CO2}$ + $\ce{H2O}$ $\ce{->}$ $\ce{H2CO3}$ b. Then, pH of $\ce{H2CO3}$ solution is increased to 12 by addition of 1M $\ce{NaOH}$. ...
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53 views

Purifying Potassium-40

What method is commonly used for separating out potassium-40 from natural potassium with a purity grade around 95% or more? How much would one kilogram of potassium-40 cost if this method is used?
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51 views

Why will A atoms diffuse from β phase to α phase and B atoms from α phase to β phase?

At the initial compositions 1 and 2 of $α$ and $β$ respectively the chemical potentials of A and B atoms in each phase can be found by extrapolation of the tangents to the free energy curves at 1 and ...
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1answer
64 views

Why do we use Ḡ (“G bar”) as a notation for partial molar free energy?

For partial molar entropy there is a bar that is positioned above the $G$ with a subscript I that is sometimes added to the $G~(\bar{G}).$ The bar I read sometimes denote the "partial nature of the $G$...
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1answer
108 views

What are glues/adhesives for cardboard boxes/crates made of?

Open cardboard boxes/crates, often for foodstuffs, are often glued to hold their shape. What is the glue/adhesive made of? I ask to know if it is biodegradable, such that it is suitable for ...
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2answers
112 views

Does this reaction require catalyst/solvent?

Planning on synthesising 2-formylphenyl benzoate by reacting benzoyl chloride with salicylaldehyde. Since both Benzoyl chloride and salicylaldehyde is liquid, will it require a catalyst/ solvent? Or ...
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1answer
112 views

How can hydrogen and oxygen coexist in high temperature? Where did the oxygen come from?

A gasification worked with the combustion of bio pallets with production of syn gases. Pure oxygen and $\ce{H2O}$ were fed into the combustion reactor to combust the pallets with no opening of any syn ...
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30 views

Correct Generalization for Adair Equation?

I know how to derive the Adair Equation for n binding sites the long way, writing n+1 mini equations and linking them to relate all sub $K_b$ values to $K_{b-intrinsic}$. Tried to find a general ...
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2answers
106 views

Can a reactor be operated at both reflux and above atmospheric pressure?

I'm not a chemist by trade so my experience in the lab has probably not been as in-depth as most of you. I've been tasked with investigating a proposed reaction in which an organic mixture (mostly ...
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44 views

Impact of pH? Change in Binding Affinity of protein-ligand complex based on pH and Kd?

When the $\mathrm{pH}$ was $5.0$, the temperature was $\pu{25 °C}$,the $K_\mathrm{D}$ was $\pu{5 μM}$, and [L] was equal to $K_D$, the protein(s) were half bound. Question considers half bound ...
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1answer
33 views

Chemical Equilibria - Fraction Bound equation based on Kd, [R], [L], [RL], is actually an average?

Let's say 150 stem cells express exactly 150 copies of the same mebrane antigen X. While all differentiated cells express exactly 15 copies of X. To the cell mixture you add a large amount of 0.2 μM ...
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2answers
55 views

Thermodynamics - Series Reaction - Estimating mols of reactants based on Free Energy of Rxn

Question Three reactions occur simulteneously (assume ideal) at $\pu{T = 0^\circ C}$. $$\ce{A<=>B<=>C<=>D}$$ a) With $\Delta_r G^\circ_\text{AB} = \pu{400 J/mol}$, $\...
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34 views

Chemical formula [duplicate]

My textbook says the chemical formula of Bleaching powder is $\ce{Ca(OCl)Cl}$. But according to Wikipedia, the chemical formula is $\ce{Ca(OCl)2}$. Between these two formulas, there's an oxygen atom ...
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1answer
61 views

Simple alternative to UNIFAC to prove that a mixture containing 1ml of x and 5 litres of propylene glycol is not flammable?

Section 2.6.1 of the REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) defines a flammable liquid as: Flammable liquid means a liquid having a flash point of not more than $60 ^{\circ}$C. So data on flash ...
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1answer
84 views

Equation for overall heat transfer coefficient

The heat flow (in $[\pu{J/s}]$) through the wall of a tube of length $L$ and inner radius $R_0$ is $$Q = (2πR_0L)U(T_{1\infty} - T_{2\infty}),$$ where $T_{1\infty}$ is the bulk temperature ...
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1answer
61 views

What would be a stable way to hold lithium hydride powder?

I currently have 100 grams of lithium hydride powder that needs to be held in a solid form. Initially, I was considering using cement, however, the moisture require converts the lithium hydride to ...
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46 views

Creating a pressure vessel to make emeralds and rubies/sapphires

So I understand that this is going to be a very difficult thing to properly do but I am looking to create a vessel for growing crystals. I am not looking to build a Verneuil furnace bit rather a ...
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2answers
91 views

Flow rate of the fuel consisting of ethanol and water burning in air of a given flow rate

I hope that someone could give me some hints or tips on how to approach this question, even though these types of questions are usually closed off as homework. A burner is run by a fuel mixture of $...
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1answer
87 views

Heat of formation method

For enthalpy calculations why is it that in some cases the "heat of formation method" is used? I know that $ΔH_f$ represents the heat required to form the compound at standard temperature and pressure ...
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53 views

Reference conditions for balances on nonreactive processes

In one of the examples in my book (Elementary Priniciples of Chemical Processes) where I am asked to calculate the rate of heat input required to heat a stream of methane and air from 20°C to 300°C, ...
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1answer
38 views

How do you figure out fuel specific impulse non-experimentally?

Simple question, probably very complicated answer: Without building a test engine/rocket and finding out experimentally, that is to say, based on chemical characteristics alone, how can one compute ...
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1answer
22 views

What are standard controllers for automatic pH control?

My background in control theory comes from electrical engineering (robots, motors, etc.) and I want to build a control system for automatic pH control. Can I directly apply my knowledge from ...
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1answer
63 views

Double surface in the pressure temperature concentration curve for a binary mixture

In the 3 dimensional diagram given, when a constant pressure plane intersects with the double surface, it produces a looped curve without a maxima or minima. What is the double surface and how is the ...
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1answer
141 views

Dependence of mass transfer coefficient on solubility

Does solubility of the solute affect the value of the mass transfer coefficient? The book I am following mentions that the mass transfer coefficient is a characteristic of the constituent and its ...
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66 views

Do theoretical plates required to obtain a pure product decrease under vacuum distillation?

For this question I am using Ethanol as an example. The following is the vapor-liquid equilibrium diagram for Ethanol under atmospheric pressures. Under reduced pressures do the number of theoretical ...
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0answers
23 views

Can diamond be grown on copper wires using chemical vapor deposition techniques?

I am asking this as a follow-up to another question I asked earlier. It is regarding how to make higher voltage transformers. Diamond is a good dielectric material and would be good for using as a ...
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57 views

PTFE-to-PTFE or PTFE-to-Copper pressure seal

I am currently working on an engineering project with a friend. Without giving too much away, I have two parallel strips of Zirconium-Copper alloy sandwiched between an upper and lower piece of smooth ...
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1answer
49 views

How does cullet reduce the production temperature in glass production?

In my book, I read that broken glass pieces are reused in the production of glass, known to be cullet. This on one hand saves the production cost and also reduces the production temperature. My ...
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1answer
489 views

Electromagnetic energy to Chemical energy [closed]

How can electromagnetic energy (photons) be efficiently converted to chemical energy? For instance, can water be efficiently split to hydrogen and oxygen using solar energy? As we are running out of ...
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1answer
705 views

How to use a modified Peng-Robinson equation to calculate a density?

I'm trying to use the Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera 2 (PRSV2) Equation of State to calculate the density of a compound, in this example: methanol. At ambient temperature and pressure, shouldn't I be able ...
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1answer
273 views

Stoichiometry of incomplete combustion

Methane is burned with air in a continuous steady-state combustion reactor to yield a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. The feed to the reactor contains: $\pu{7.8 mole \% }\ce{...
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1answer
138 views

Mixing Supplements - Will the Distributions Remain?

I am combining various vitamins and minerals into a food supplement for my dog and I currently measure each powder individually for each batch of food each week. The supplements are in powder form ...
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2answers
85 views

Separation of solvent from residue of material. [closed]

I have a residue of 2kl in which 1.8kl is solvent (EDC) and rest material is residue. First i was thinking to go with normal distillation to recover our solvent. But i heared somewhere that there is ...
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1answer
55 views

What is the reason behind the 2% increase in silver metal composition just after melting the raw silver alloy (55% silver)? [closed]

I determined the silver composition from an alloy obtained from a jeweler to be 55% and wanted to extract silver out of it. However, upon melting around 5 kgs of alloy, the silver composition went up ...
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31 views

Determine whether the tank will overflow with mass flowrate

Hydrocarbon mixture ($\pu{20 mol\%}$ $\ce{CH4}$ and the balance is $\ce{C2H6}$) enters a tank at a velocity of $\pu{1 m/s}$ and is withdrawn at a rate of $\pu{2 kg/s}$. The tank is initially one ...
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1answer
284 views

A chamber to control concentration of a vapor: Is there a name for this equipment?

Mechanical engineer here so please excuse me if my question seems dumb to you! I want to have a chamber $(\approx 40 \times 30 \times \pu{30 cm})$ to control concentration $(\pu{ppm})$ of a flammable ...
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550 views

What is the relation between pressure and chemical potential?

I know that in a two-component gas-liquid system (for simplicity) the chemical potential $\mu_i$ ($i=1,2$) and total pressure $p$ can be defined by $$\mu_i=\left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial N_i}\right)...
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1answer
331 views

Energy balance for a system [closed]

A hydropower plant uses a river to generate electrical energy. It has a drop of $\pu{107 m}$ and the flow rate of water is $\pu{275 m3 s-1}$. The flow rate of the water is the same in and out of the ...
8
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1answer
306 views

What are introductory level books on chemical engineering?

I'm currently enrolled in a chemical engineering course in my college, and in my first year, I'd like to get a nice introductory book on that field of study. I'd prefer that the book covers several ...

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