Questions tagged [carbon-family]
For questions about the carbon family (group 14) elements, their compounds, and their trends in various physical and chemical properties. For questions specifically about carbon or its allotropes only, prefer using tag [carbon-allotropes] instead.
61 questions
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How to compute probability of isotope combinations?
I was solving these two questions:
Natural abundances of $\ce{^{12}C}$ and $\ce{^{13}C}$ isotopes of carbon are 99% and 1%, respectively. Assuming they only contributes to the mol. wt. of $\ce{C2F4}$...
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How to coat stainless steel?
I am trying to coat stainless steel with carbon black. I am using Polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF 2% as a binder. I dip and I heat at 100C.
The coating that comes out is very fragile where you can blow ...
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Does Sugru (Formerol) decay underwater?
Sugru is described as waterproof and dishwasher-safe, but I still wonder if it will decay quickly (within months) if submerged in room-temperature tap water.
Aren't silicone rubbers susceptible to ...
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How does the same electron orbit both atoms in covalent bond? [closed]
During elementary school chemistry, when they teach about the covalent bond, they say that both atoms need the electron but they can't lose or gain them so they share it.
And for instance they show us ...
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How could I desorb the CO2 molecules contained in the pores of activated carbon?
I have CO2 trapped in my activated carbon. What would be the most environmentally sustainable way to release it? I have heard of PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption), which works when the adsorbent is ...
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will adding metal nano particles to a CNT-polymer matrix increase the conductivity of the polymer?
I was wondering would just physical mixing of metal nano powders with MWCNT in a polymer matrix improve the conductivity of the said polymer? Would the metal particles interact with the CNT network. I ...
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Will charcoal (carbon) oxidize in the air?
Wikipedia — Carbon sequestration claims that burying charcoal into the soil offsets $\ce{CO2}$ and thus reduces the greenhouse effect:
In the soil, the biochar carbon is unavailable for oxidation to $...
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Why does cold welding not work with carbon steels?
Cold welding is the process of joining metals using pristine surfaces without contaminents(oxide layers, oil, dust...) using pressure through atomic diffusion between the metal joints. Why does this ...
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Does germanium(IV) chloride have to be handled under inert atmosphere?
I am finding conflicting information on the proper handling of germanium(IV) chloride. Is the liquid air/moisture sensitive? Does $\ce{GeCl4}$ have to be handled in a glove box?
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Where does the energy in coal bonds come from?
I have been told that when the plants intake carbon dioxide they break carbon and oxygen apart and the carbon is utilised in making the plant's body. This process is driven by the sun's energy so when ...
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Number of bridge oxygen atoms in a silicate mineral
Total number of oxygen atom(s) which act(s) as bridge between any two silicon atoms in a mineral with composition $\ce{MM’Si3O_x}$ $(\ce{M}$ is the divalent metal ion and $\ce{M’}$ is the tetravalent ...
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Why do hydrocarbons give out a blue flame on complete combustion? [duplicate]
In complete combustion of hydrocarbons the colour of the flame is blue. But what is the reason behind the flame being blue and not green or black or any other colour?
Edit: I've searched the web for ...
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How to remove starch from silicone ("Oogoo")?
Oogoo is an easy and cheap way of creating silicone rubber objects from a hand-formable putty. Basically: just mix silicone caulk with starch (I'm using acetate moisture absorbing silicone caulking ...
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How can I dissolve carbon using generally available substances? [closed]
I am asking this question out of despair: my wife burned to death crèpes dough into our induction stove.
I tried all usual products (the ones to clean the stove, vinegar, then sodium bicarbonate left ...
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Towards a hard Lewis base like water which is the stronger Lewis acid, silicon tetrachloride or tin (IV) chloride?
On Pauling scale, both $\ce{Si}$ and $\ce{Sn}$ have electronegativity value of $\mathrm{1.9}$. The difference is in size of d-orbitals which accept lone pair of electrons. $\ce{Si}$ has vacant 3d-...
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Why are tri-organotin chloride compounds so dangerous? [closed]
Organotin compounds are compounds with the tin-carbon bond and some of them(specifically the tri-organo chloride ones) are as toxic as hydrogen cyanide. Why is this though as I don't really know some ...
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Does lead(II) chloride dissociate into Pb²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions in HCl?
While solving JEE Advanced 2020 (Paper 2) questions, I came across this particular question:
Q.10 Choose the correct statement(s) among the following.
(A) $\ce{SnCl2 · 2 H2O}$ is a reducing agent.
(B)...
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How to calculate the charge on silicates? [closed]
An isolated $\ce{SiO4^4-}$ ion has $-4$ charge. These discrete tetrahedral units form the ortho-silicates. As these tetrahedral units combine, they form various types of silicates.
How do we calculate ...
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Carbon atoms types in amino-acids [closed]
I'm looking for a table or another kind of schema where I can find which type of carbon atoms (sp3, sp2 etc.) are present in each amino-acid.
In my biochemistry books these informations are not ...
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How is graphene electrically conductive?
Researching graphene I found that it can potentially be as strong or even stronger than current superconductors. However, my understanding is that a substance is electrically conductive only if it has ...
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Could Carbon Monoxide be reduced by oxidising a more reactive metal?
After studying displacement at school, I wondered if it is possible to reduce the toxic gas of carbon monoxide to less harmful and more useful substances, like so:
Carbon monoxide + metal -> Carbon ...
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Removing ashes of 3d printing resin
I'm not a chemist so excuse me if my question will bite your eye or ear.
A resin 3d printing uses polymers that cure under exposure to UV light. There is a special sort of 3d printing resins made for ...
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Electron configuration of non-hybridized carbon
I'm currently learning about orbital hybridization in carbon.
I see that carbon has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p2.
However, there are actually three p-orbitals in the second shell, namely ...
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How is silicic acid formed?
My book gives the following reaction:
$$\ce{SiCl4 + H2O -> HCl + Si(OH)4}$$
Since equilibrium favours the formation of weaker acids. How is this reaction able to proceed if a strong acid like HCl ...
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Carbonated Beverage Phenomenon [duplicate]
I've seen this phenomenon a couple of times--I actually saw it happen this night.
When a carbonated beverage is poured into a cup or glass, many tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide form on the bottom of ...
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Can a charcoal generating process be a low carbon footprint incinerator?
Noting that cellulose, hydrocarbons and carbohydrates are mostly C, H and O, it occurred to me that one might take low grade recyclables no longer welcome, and trash in general, and convert them to ...
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Reaction of Silicon Dioxide with Hydrofluoric Acid [duplicate]
I learnt that $\ce{SiO2}$(Silicon dioxide) doesn't react with any acid except $\ce{HF}$. So what is special about $\ce{HF}$?
Why does only $\ce{HF}$ reacts with $\ce{SiO2}$ even though $\ce{HF}$ has a ...
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Why isn't carbon-14 included in CIAAW list of isotopic abundances? [closed]
According to Wikipedia, standard atomic weight is based on the published isotopic abundances of CIAAW:
The standard atomic weight $(A_\mathrm{r},$ standard) of a chemical element is the weighted ...
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Why does CCl4 not undergo hydrolysis while other chlorine-derivatives of methane do?
In one of my textbooks, I came across a question as to why does $\ce{CCl4}$ not undergo hydrolysis. The answer given went along the lines of carbon lacking a vacant d-orbital to accept the lone pair ...
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Stability of CI4 and PbI4
I have read in my textbook that $\ce{CI4}$ is more stable than $\ce{PbI4}$ due to inert pair effect. But shouldn't we also consider the effect of steric repulsions? In $\ce{CI4}$, four large iodine ...
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What exactly makes a carbon atom "α" in a protein residue?
I'm a computer scientist and have no biochemical background, but was working on a project recently that had me going through a lot of protein residues for one reason or other. Feel free to correct me ...
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Trying to understand the chemistry in an iron carbon battery
I am trying to understand the chemistry that occurs in an iron carbon battery during charging.
The negative electrode is iron, the positive electrode is carbon. The electrolyte is iron(II) chloride. ...
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Net production of CO2 in plants
I am trying to understand in a qualitative way photosynthesis. I am not a chemist so please have some patience.
I read on the Wikipedia page for photosynthesis that the way plants use $\ce{CO2}$ is ...
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Can other group IV elements form graphene analogs with interesting properties? [duplicate]
Graphene has gathered quite a bit of press due to its unique physical properties which hold enormous promise in a wide range of applications from semiconductors to high strength materials. Given that ...
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Can Silicon be used as anode for Li-Ion batteries
Can Si be used as anode. I assume you could store much more energy in Si since the atom is much larger than C, but then Si seems not to like to bond with itself. Can there be a solution?
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Why doesn't H₄CO₄ exist as a stable compound?
Why doesn't $\ce{H4CO4}$ exist as a relatively stable compound? Its heavier homologue $\ce{H4SiO4}$ seems to exist although it is unstable to some extent but new methods have been able to stabilise ...
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Does H3CO3+ ion exist and what is its structure? [closed]
Why doesn't $\ce{H3CO3+}$ ion exist and why doesn't the carbonyl group in carbonic acid $(\ce{H2CO3})$ seem reactive?
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Best method to increase the chain length of allyl to butane-1,2-diol [closed]
Best method to increase the carbon chain length of allyl. and also add 2 OH carbon after reducing double bond give (S)-4-R-butane-1,2-diol and (R)-4-R-butane-1,2-diol .
R= Any Ak, Cb, Cy, Hy
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Is it possible to convert carbon soot/ black carbon in mg to CO2-equivalent? If so, how?
Since global warming is expressed in terms of carbon emissions or CO2 equivalent, can the short lived carbon soot/ black carbon that is produced from incomplete combustion be expressed in terms of CO2 ...
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Are all stable Xenes (graphene-like 2D honeycomb sheets) buckled?
background: Per this abstract
Silicene, germanene and stanene are part of a monoelemental class of two-dimensional (2D) crystals termed 2D-Xenes (X = Si, Ge, Sn and so on) which, together with ...
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Electrical and thermal conductivity of graphite
I was reading about carbon family where it was mentioned that electrical conductivity of graphite increases with temperature while thermal conductivity decreases.
However, I could not find a suitable ...
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Why does bubbling carbon dioxide through calcium hydroxide result in a precipitate?
Why does the addition of carbon dioxide to calcium hydroxide create the precipitate calcium carbonate? What happens chemically for such a molecule to form? How exactly do their interactions come into ...
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Has there been any independent verification of the results from this Chinese nanotube study?
Watts up referred to the South China Morning Post in reporting that a Tsinghua University team led by Wei Fei claimed in 2018 to have manufactured carbon nanotube fibre with tensile strength of 80 ...
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What molecules are produced in carbon arc lamp and how do they produce light?
I am curious about the chemistry of the arc lamp (an indirectly for the incandescent bulbs) thus I would like to ask the following.
It is a common understanding that the electrons pushed inside an ...
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Which is more metallic: boron or silicon?
I read somewhere that boron is more metallic. Is it correct? If so, can you please elaborate?
The reason why I'm confused is because 2 factors come into play here:
When you move towards right, ...
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Simple tests for presence of CO₂
Am aware that one method for testing for the presence of $\ce{CO2}$ is passing the gas through limewater, with it going cloudy if positive.
Are there any other convenient methods?
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Do all polymers contain either carbon or silicon?
Is either carbon or silicon present in every known polymer?
If not, is there a small group of elements that, between them, are present in every known polymer, or can polymers be based on a lot of ...
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Raman Spectrum of Graphene
I recently took a raman spectrum for a sample of graphene-pla. The result had the characteristic G and D bands associated with Graphene, but not the 2D. But there is a broad peak at around 3100, which ...
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What does 'a' stand for in 'a-C' according to research paper lingo?
I came across this paper but I cannot figure out what is a-C as it is not defined. The C here is obviously Carbon. Regarding 'a' prefix My best guess is that it stands for amorphous. Is this correct?
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Carbon emission in absence of oxygen [closed]
When wood is pyrolysed in absence of air is $\ce{CO2}$ emitted.
If yes why is it not combustible?
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