Questions tagged [atomic-radius]
For questions about the atomic radius - a measure of the size of an atom, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding "cloud" of electrons.
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Comparison of atomic radii of boron and beryllium
Let me write down a couple of facts and this will be easier for you to know the essence of the question.
Radius of boron is smaller than beryllium.
Ionization energy of boron is smaller than ...
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Size of Lanthanum
I was going through the values of atomic and covalent radii of the d-block elements.
The atomic radii of $\ce {Sc},\ce {Y}$ and $\ce {La}$ are $164, 184$ and $187$ pm respectively (Source: Wikipedia). ...
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Why does atomic radius decrease across periods? [closed]
My textbook says that this happens because the number of protons, and thus the total positive charge, increases - a greater attractive force acts on each electron. The book says that this is despite ...
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How does O2- have the largest radius [closed]
Why is the correct option O^2-, aren't all of them equal since they all have the same number of energy shells and same number of electrons in them
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Why ionic radius increases with negative charge?
Here's my understanding:
An ion with a negative charge has gained electrons. Hence the negative charge.
With a greater negative charge, there should be more attraction towards the positive charge.
As ...
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If the effective nuclear charge of Beryllium(Be) is less than Sodium's(Na), how is the ionization energy of Be higher than Na?
According to Slater's rules the effective nuclear charge of Beryllium and Sodium is 1.95 and 2.20 respectively.
That means that the outermost electron of Na feels a stronger attraction from the ...
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What role does atomic radius play in the strength of a covalent bond?
How exactly do atomic radii influence the strength of a covalent bond? For instance, if I had a carbon atom covalently bonding to a fictitious nonmetal atom $\ce{X}$ and another nonmetal atom $\ce{Y}$ ...
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Compare the covalent character of ZnCl2, CdCl2,HgCl2
I want to know how to arrange the covalent character of ZnCl2, CdCl2, and HgCl2.
By Fajans' rules, We know that a smaller cation equals higher covalent character.
We also know that atomic size ...
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Which ionic radius is most relevant for anticipating co-crystalization?
In the context of anticipating the likeliness that elemental impurities co-crystalize into the crystals containing an element of similar radius (see this question), which is the relevant radii to ...
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Proof for equation of radial probability distribution curve
So my textbook says the equation for this is
$$P(r) = 4\pi r^2\Psi^2 $$
It also gives the volume of the shell formula
$$\mathrm{d}V = \frac 43 \pi(r+\mathrm{d}r)^3 - \frac 43 \pi r^3$$
which I ...
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Atomic Radius of Manganese and Chromium
It is clearly a general trend that the atomic radii of the 3d elements in ascending order of atomic weight, leads to the following trend as in the graph below.
But, it was pointed out to me that, Mn ...
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Ionic radii of transition metal ions in the presence of weak field and strong field ligands
In the graph given in this image, I was told by my teacher that whenever we start filling the eg orbitals there is an increase in the radius because these orbitals face the ligand directly ...
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Why are hydrated lithium ions' radii larger than hydrated sodium ions' radii?
Why are hydrated lithium ions' radii larger than hydrated sodium ions' radii i.e. $r_\ce{Li+(aq)}>r_\ce{Na+(aq)}$?
If ionic radii increase down the group i.e. $r_\ce{Li+}<r_\ce{Na+}<r_\ce{K+}$...
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Which atom is the smallest atom?
Is hydrogen or helium the smallest atom? My teacher said that the smallest atom is the helium atom, but I think that the smallest atom is the hydrogen atom. It has a single electron and a single ...
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Comparing average radius of subshells for multielectron atoms
I recently came across a question comparing the average radius of subshells.
A search on the internet gave the following result for single electron atoms:
$$\langle r\rangle_{n,\,l}=\frac{a_0 n^2 \...
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Height of FCC arrangement
I have read that height of HCP arrangement is given by $\mathrm{4r\sqrt{\frac23}}$ as distance between consecutive layers is $\mathrm{2r\sqrt{\frac23}}$(in both FCC and HCP). If that is the case, then ...
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Effective nuclear charge on 3p electron of aluminum
Using Slater's rule I calculated the effective nuclear charge on 3p electron of aluminium as:
Config: $\ce{1s^2 (2s^2 2p^6) (3s^2 3p^1)}$
$S = 2(0.35) + 8(0.85) + 2 = 9.5$
$Z_{eff} = Z - S = 3.5$
The ...
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Why does magnesium have a greater ionization energy than lithium?
I'm a high school student and I'm learning about ionization energy and atomic radius of elements. I want to compare the ionization energy of lithium and magnesium.
Here is the information provided in ...
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Lother Mayer curve
While studying about atomic trends, I encountered the Lothar Meyer curve:
If the covalent radius decreases across a period, why is the graph of atomic volume reaching local minima halfway in the ...
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What is the average distance between electron 'shells' in an atom? Or between the innermost shell and the nucleus? [closed]
Somehow, I've never come across any mention of the actual, physical distances between, say the 1s and 2s shells in an atom, whether large or small....
I know that p, d and f (and g?) shells are oddly ...
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How is most probable radius in quantum mechanical model equal to Bohr's radius in hydrogen atom
Most probable radius in 1s orbital for hydrogen electron is $\pu{0.529E-10 m}$ which is Bohr radius. But energy of electron in hydrogen atom is proportional to mean radial distance in atom. In this ...
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what is the use of finding out the radius of an atom [closed]
I happen to come across this, but what is the radius of an atom, velocity, KE, PE, etc.. actually used for?
like the formula r=0.529n^2/z and so on
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Why is strontium(II) ion bigger than krypton atom?
$\ce{Sr^2+}$ is exactly the same as $\ce{Kr}$, in terms of electrons and orbitals.
The only difference between the two, is that $\ce{Sr^2+}$ has a couple of extra protons in the nucleus (and probably ...
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Why is the increase in covalent radius from As to Bi not as big as from N to P?
The following is the radius of Group $15$ elements:
$$\begin{array}{c|c} \hline
\text{Element} & \text{Covalent Radius }(\pu{pm}) \\ \hline
\ce{N} &75 \\
\ce{P} &110 \\
\ce{As} &...
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Why does dissolved oxygen concentration decrease with increasing atomic number of metals?
I am looking at how metal ions ($\ce{Fe^2+}$, $\ce{Ni^2+}$, $\ce{Cu^2+}$, $\ce{Zn^2+}$, and $\ce{Ag+}$) affect the biochemical oxygen demand in water and used the Winkler's method to find out the ...
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Distance of subshells from nucleus [closed]
Which subshell is more closer to the nucleus.4f or 6s?
6s gets filled first so does it have to be more closer to the nucleus?
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Forcing atoms closer together [closed]
Is there a method in chemistry to alter the energy of atomic bonds by forcing atoms closer together in a smaller volume?
Similar to how pressure squeezes atoms closer together.
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Covalent atomic radii: oxygen vs nitrogen
Many books state that $R_\ce{N} > R_\ce{O}$ which is in accordance with the general trend. However, some books say that $R_\ce{O} > R_\ce{N}$ because of repulsion caused by pairing of electrons.
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Reason for needing multiple radii for the same atom [duplicate]
Why do we need different types of atomic radii? Why can't there be just one radii for an atom?
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How to calculate electric force on valence electron?
In order to understand the periodic trends more fully, I wanted to calculate the net force exerted on the electron (with the highest principal quantum number and azimuthal quantum number) of an atom.
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How to compare size of subshells?
For the same principal quantum number, on increasing the value of the azimuthal quantum number does the average radius of the subshell increase or decrease?
In other words, which out of, say, 3s, 3p, ...
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In the gold foil experiment why didn't thallium form? [closed]
When alpha particles hit the gold nucleus shouldn't they form thallium.
More over shouldn't it also ionize the gold or any atom it hits how does it remain unchanged unionized?
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Why doesn't core charge increase down a group? [closed]
Atomic radius increases down a group because the electrons feel a lesser attraction to the positive nucleus (due to shielding from inner shells). Why then, doesn't core charge decrease seeing as core ...
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How value of energy of elecron becomes more negative and radius of orbit decreases with increase in the value of atomic number? [closed]
I know how energy of elecron and radius of orbit depends upon principal quantum number......But how it depends upon atomic number?
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Why is the strontium ion smaller than the potassium ion? [closed]
The ionic radius of the $\ce{Sr^2+}$ ion is $\mathrm{132\,pm}$, while the ionic radius of the $\ce{K^+}$ ion is $\mathrm{152\,pm}$. Why is this the case? I would have thought that since $\ce{K^+}$ has ...
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Why is platinum denser than gold?
The atomic masses of gold and platinum are 196.96657 u and 195.084 u respectively, meaning that (on average) an individual gold atom is heavier than an individual platinum atom.
At the same time, the ...
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True muonium energy levels [closed]
In a true muniom(muon-antimuon atom) do the energy levels match with that of the hydrogen's?
The core is lighter for about 100 times but the muon is 100 times heavier than the electron so it would ...
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Shielding effect of d electrons
In transition elements shielding effect is observed . Due to this zinc shows abnormality in atomic size.
But at the same time we also say that gallium has same similar size as aluminium due to poor ...
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Shielding effects and atomic size [closed]
The atomic size on going from aluminum to gallium decreases because of poor shielding effect of the $(n-1)d$ electrons, but on going from copper to zinc, the size increases due to the same shielding ...
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Comparison between van der Waals radius and metallic radius
I was reading about different types of atomic radius. It was written that if any atom can possess all the three types of radius, then van der Waals radius will be greater than metallic radius. However ...
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Size of atomic shells
Is the distance of some $n^{th}$ shell ($n$ $\neq$ outermost shell) from the nucleus of an atom different for different elements?
If so, then how much is the difference or how could we calculate it?
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Bohr's postulate of quantisation of angular momentum
The Bohr's postulate of quantisation of angular momentum can be written in a formula as
$mvr = nh/(2π)$
where $m$ is mass of electron
$v$ is its velocity
$r$ is the radius of that shell
$h$ is Plank's ...
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Do K+ and F- ions have the same ionic radii? [closed]
Since fluorine and potassium form ions to gain the electronic configuration of neon and argon respectively, then shouldn’t $\ce{K+}$ have a greater radius, as argon is larger than neon?
Also which ...
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H and H- atomic and ionic radius [closed]
A hydrogen anion has a bigger radius than neutral H . Why is this happening ? I mean both electrons exist at the same shell so this is not it. Both H- and H have 1 proton so this is not it as well . ...
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Do external electronic shells influence internal ones?
There is a well-known electron shielding effect: negatively-charged internal electronic shell screens external shells from positive nuclei, thus increasing their radii.
Thus, 2S orbital radius of Li ...
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What will happen if electron as a wave undergo destructive interference while travelling in its Orbit?
Today I came across a justification of Bohr's angular momentum quantization using the De- Broglie's hypothesis.
The justification said that since the electrons are having wave nature also then while ...
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Why are atomic radii calculations all over the map? [closed]
If you look up an element on Wikipedia, it will list covalent, ionic, Van Der Waals, high-and-low -spin, and finally 'empirical atomic radius'.
Then, on the page for atomic radius, the chart of '...
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Relationship between electronegativity and atomic radius [closed]
Would someone please explain in detail the relationship between the two? I understand that atomic radius is related to ionisation energy but I can't see how atomic radius may be related to ...
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Do magnesium and tin have the same volume?
Having the same atomic radii of 145 pm, should one mole of tin and one mole of magnesium take up the same volume? Since tin is much heavier, that means tin is much denser than magnesium. Is this true, ...
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Gap in ionic radii
The above picture was shown in a presentation by my prof in inorganic chem as we were discussing ionic radii more in depth (all in pm). These are all isoelectronic radii. Notice the sudden leap in ...
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