Questions tagged [aqueous-solution]
For questions relating to compounds dissolved in water and resulting reactions and acid-base equilibria.
1,240
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Isolating potassium chloride from sodium chloride and potassium hydroxide
Assume that you have an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and potassium hydroxide. Is it possible to isolate potassium chloride from this?
$$\ce{Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + K+(aq) + OH-(aq) -> Na+(aq) + ...
user123142
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How to find ion concentrations at various points in a solution that will precipitate multiple insoluble salts?
The solubility product constant of lead (II) iodide is $1.2 \times 10^{-5}$ at 273 K.
The solubility product constant for lead (II) carbonate is $1.5 \times 10^{-13}$ at the same temperature.
50 ...
user122681
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Is there oxygen isotope exchange between dissolved CO2 and H2O?
If you had a sample containing an elevated concentration of $\ce{H2^{18}O}$, and bubbled $\ce{C^{16}O2}$ through it, would some of the oxygen-18 isotope be transferred from water to carbon dioxide?
I ...
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Discrepancies in using pOH vs pH to solve H+/OH- concentration change problem
I found an extremely confusing problem in one of the problems we did in class for general chemistry. This was the question:
How many moles of $\ce{H3O+}$ or $\ce{OH-}$ must you add per liter of $\ce{...
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What is the resulting solution after leaching hardwood ash with water?
After doing online research, I've noticed there are differing interpretations on what happens when ash is mixed with water, so I've come here seeking clarification on what indeed happens, and also ...
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Does hypochlorous acid oxidize hydrogen peroxide?
The following reaction is from https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/kech202.pdf, p. 11:
$$\ce{H2O2 + HOCl -> H3O+ + Cl- + O2}$$
I have to find if $\ce{H2O2}$ is acting like a reducing agent or an ...
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What is the effect of adding another solute to the solubility of the initial solute?
Let's say we have a saturated salt solution with 35 g/100 mL NaCl in water. If we add another solute up to its saturation concentration, for example 182 g/100 ml sucrose (C12H22O11), what happens?
...
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Is boiling aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate safe?
I want to create saturated coper(II) sulfate solution in order to grow crystals. Is boiling a solution of copper sulfate at home safe? Are there any risks? Is the vapour pure water?
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Reaction between concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium bromide
What are the products of the reaction between sodium bromide and concentrated sulfuric acid?
I did the question like this:
$$
\begin{align}
\ce{2Br- &-> Br2 + 2e-} \tag{R1.1} \\
\ce{SO4^2- 4H+ ...
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I spilled some .1M Copper Sulfate on my sweater [duplicate]
I have accidentally spilled some .1M solution of Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) on my white cotton sweater. It left a light blue stain and I’m wondering how I might successfully remove the stain from the ...
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Chemical Equilibrium of the Esterification Reaction Between Propanol and Ethanoic Acid
I am trying to investigate the relationship between temperature and equilibrium constant of the esterification reaction between propanol and ethanoic acid in reflux system, with conc. sulphuric acid ...
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Selective Removal of Sodium Acetate
I am currently working on an extraction and synthesis of sodium salicyate from acetylsalicylic acid and sodium hydroxide. After doing a liquid-liquid extraction from DCM, using a sodium hydroxide ...
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Sodium Chlorite Listed as Active Ingredient in Anti-Fungal/Anti-Bacterial Fish Medication
My hobby is Fish Keeping. About 6 months ago I picked up a medication called Maracyn Oxy. It's a non-antibiotic treatment for true fungal and some bacterial infections and it works like an absolute ...
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Incompatibility of Helmholtz Double Layer and Redox electrochemistry
In an electric double layer capacitor(EDLC) (or any situation with a Helmholtz double layer) what prevents the ions from being reduced or oxidized like the ions in an electrochemical cell?
If it is ...
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Solubility of multiple solutes and limits of solubility during freezing
I'm interested in modeling the freezing of solutions of water and I'm not really sure what happens in water after the solubility of a given material is reached. I know that as ice crystals form they ...
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Recovery of Urea from aqueous solution [closed]
When adding Urea to water, the reaction is highly endothermic. I was playing with the idea of using that for a Desktop cooling system, but for that, I'd of course have to recover that Urea from the ...
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How to extract pure carbon dioxide from sodium bicarbonate?
What are the most commonly-used methods for extracting carbon dioxide gas from an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate?
Several industrial "Carbon Capture" plants today are able to extract ...
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Creating HCl acid [closed]
I have the following reaction:
$$\ce{2 AlCl3 + 3H2O -> 2 Al(OH)3 + 6 HCl}$$
My goal is to create hydrochloric acid, but for the reaction shown, hydrochloride gas is produced instead. There are two ...
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How to calculate pH resulting from dissolving a salt in water? [closed]
The main question is how to calculate the changes in pH after dissolving a salt in water.
Suppose we dissolve 1 gram of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) in 1 liter of Water. This will result in (...
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Finding dissolved amount of base from pH and solubility product
Calculate the amount of $\ce{Mg(OH)2}$ which is solubilized in $\pu{1.25 L}$ of a buffered solution at $\mathrm{pH} = 9.5$. $(K_\mathrm{sp}(\ce{Mg(OH)2}) = \pu{5.61E-12})$.
From $\mathrm{pH}$ I ...
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Nature of Bisphosphonates Binding onto Hydroxyapatite in the Aqueous Phase
In many studies I've read, bisphosphonates (first image) are said to bind remarkably onto bone hydroxyapatite (second image) crystals. It was reported by J. Roelofs et al., (2008) that this mechanism ...
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Why is supersaturated sodium acetate so (meta)stable?
Sodium acetate is a common example used in general chemistry lectures to illustrate the idea of supersaturation, and that precipitation of a supersaturated solution can be initiated by a seed crystal. ...
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What drives hydrophobic effect/interactions? (multiple choice question)
Water molecules cause hydrophobic interactions because
A- they can disrupt surfaces with no hydrogen bonds.
B- they prefer to
be close to hydrophobic surfaces
C- they are restricted in their rotation ...
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Can addition of a "neutral" salt like NaCl assist pH test strip measurement accuracy in low ionic strength/poorly buffered solutions?
After a web-search, it seems ISAs (Ionic Strength Adjusters) are offered commercially to assist pH electrode/probe measurements. Presumably meant to increase conductivity (without affecting pH ...
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An Index Poisoning Case Involving Dichlor and Carbonic Acid [closed]
I'm currently working an unusual case of poisoning, with Sodium Dichloro-S-Triazinetrione.
In my case, I need to know the expected reaction with carbonic acid.
I'm also curious if anyone could give ...
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what happens to the electrons in low-voltage conductivity of salt water [closed]
Suppose you take a 100 millivolt voltage source, and connect it using a pair of copper wires to a bath of salt water.
A current will flow through the water. If I'm not getting things completely wrong, ...
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Can 5% sulfuric acid and 3% hydrogen peroxide form piranha solution?
I'd like to use 5% sulfuric acid and 3% hydrogen peroxide as an etching solution for copper. (In the past I've used dilute hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide but the generation of chlorine gas ...
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Solubility of nitrogen dioxide in sodium hydroxide
I know $\ce{NaOH}$ can absorb $\ce{NO2}$, but I could not find any data of solubility of $\ce{NO2}$ in $\ce{NaOH}$ at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
I am trying to figure out how much NaOH ...
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Reaction between hydrobromic acid and sodium borate
Write the reaction for a a sodium borate solution being titrated by hydrobromic acid, assuming sodium borate is represented by $\ce{Na3BO3(aq)}$.
I think this is a simple double replacement reaction:
...
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Is a diluted aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite more stable than a concentrated solution, all else being equal?
On the Clorox website, they recommend that you dilute bleach (NaOCl) in water prior to use for disinfection. They say that you should make a fresh solution each time you need to use it, adding: “Don’t ...
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How is formula for mean ionic activity derived from its constituent activities?
I spent hours in order to understand the following - but without success:
At many places the mean ionic activity coefficient for the reaction
$$\ldots \rightarrow \nu_A A^{z_A+} + \nu_B B^{z_B-}$$
...
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How much salt in a cup of water would it take to neither hydrate nor dehydrate the average person? [closed]
I don't know a lot about chemistry, and this question came up during lunch with my friend. I was interested in this question so I thought I could ask here. Sorry if I didn't use the right tags.
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Maintaining our supersaturated oceans
Supersaturates solutions can be unstable and decay beautifully once a seed crystal is introduced.
Our oceans near the surface are supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate. This map shows the ...
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What might cause overestimated measured pH value of sodium hydroxide solution pumped with carbon dioxide?
I tried an experiment at home where I had a $\ce{CO2}$ tank pumping $\ce{CO2}$ into a solution of $\pu{28 g}$ sodium hydroxide in $\pu{200 ml}$ water. The initial $\mathrm{pH}$ was $11.24.$
I expected ...
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Mixing hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide doesn't lead to sodium peroxide anymore [closed]
I've been using same bottle of hydrogen peroxide and same bottle of 50 % of sodium hydroxide to make sodium peroxide for a month now. You could see the presence of sodium peroxide in the solution ...
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1
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Predict whether a reaction is likely to occur. If so, write a net ionic equation [closed]
a) $\ce{AgNO3(aq) + CuCl2(aq) -> }$
So the first step is to combine the inners and outers.
So I have $\ce{AgCl}$ and $\ce{CuNO3}$
I know $\ce{NO^-_3}$ has a -1 charge so then wouldn't $\ce{Cu}$ ...
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Hydrated electrons produced by radiation vs electrons from electrostatic charge: are they equally reactive?
One of the species generated in water or aqueous solutions by the ionizing radiations are free electrons that quickly become "hydrated" or "aqueous electrons" (see for example this ...
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How to prepare a solution of Ferrous Iron?
I need to prepare a solution of Ferrous Iron (Fe2+). This solution will be used to test a water filtration system by simulating the Ferrous Iron that is sometimes present in well water. The system is ...
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Why is the enthalpy of solution of hydrated calcium chloride positive?
My book says that the enthalpy of solution of anhydrous calcium chloride is negative because it produces hydrated calcium chloride. But when hydrated calcium chloride is dissolved in water, the ...
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Do coordination complexes with stronger ligands form more stable complexes?
I read that chelate complexes generally are more stable than monodentate complexes. However, I noticed that in the case of $\ce{[Fe(CN)6]^3-}$ and $\ce{[Fe(en)3]^3+}$, this is not observed as the ...
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Method to remove impurities from acetaminophen synthesis experiment
I'd like to know about impurities from acetaminophen synthesis experiment. Are there any impurities produced by oxidation of p-aminophenol? If there is any impurity produced by oxidation of p-...
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Copper powder from aqueous copper sulfate solution help
I’ve been wanting to make copper powder for some homemade pyrotechnics. When placing an iron object in a copper sulfate solution, copper powder is produced. However, sooner or later, the reaction ...
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Can Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) be used for disinfection of medical device (e.g. of polyethylene material)? [closed]
Chlorhexidine is commonly used as a skin antiseptic, hand disinfectant, endodontic irrigant etc. It possess antibacterial and antifungal properties, and is considered low toxicity when used in low ...
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Dextrose equivalent values (DE) of the most common sugars
What are the dextrose equivalent values (DE) of lactose, and other common sugars?
Some data like the values for sucrose (0), maltodextrin (x<20), maltose (52), and glucose (100) can be found at ...
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Aqueous glucose solution concentration computation
The question in my worksheet is as follows:
You dissolve $\pu{1.451 mol}$ of glucose in water to a volume of $\pu{250 mL}$. The mass of the glucose is $\pu{261 g}$ and the molecular weight $\pu{180....
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Acid dissociation constant calculated from the ionization percentage
The question goes like this:
An acid (HX) is 25% dissociated in water. If the equilibrium concentration of HX is $\pu{0.30 M}$, calculate the value of $K_\mathrm{a}$.
So I tried as follows:
if I ...
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How do two species from the same buffer system have different pKa values? [closed]
$$
\begin{array}{lr}
\hline
\text{Reagent}~(\pu{0.1 M}~\text{solutions}) & \mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a} \\
\hline
\text{Ammonia} & 9.25 \\
\text{Acetic acid} & 4.75 \\
\text{Ammonium chloride} &...
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If a company advertises a solution as 20% on their web-site, will it be 20% w/w?
I am trying to buy some ammonia solution from a company and I have found the product I want but the product particulars just tell me it's 20%. They don't say if it's 20% w/w or w/v? Their technical ...
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Relation between standard silver-silver chloride electrode potential and solubility product of silver chloride
I learned that $E^\circ_\ce{Cl^-|Ag,AgCl}, E^\circ_\ce{Ag^+|Ag}$ and $K_\mathrm{sp}$ of $\ce{AgCl}$ are related as
$$\boxed{E^\circ_\ce{Cl^-|Ag,AgCl} = E^\circ_\ce{Ag^+|Ag} + \frac{RT}{F}\ln K_\mathrm{...
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Why is hydrogen peroxide acidic in aqueous solution?
This seemed like a trivial question to me... until I began to think about it.
The "usual" criteria for greater acidity are larger sizes of the atom attached to the acidic proton within the ...
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