Questions tagged [acid-base]
This tag should be applied to questions concerning acid and base reactions. An acid is capable of donating a hydron/ proton (Brønsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). A base on the other hand is a chemical species/ molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron/ proton (Brønsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other species (Lewis base).
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Why is it that in a buffer solution the equilibrium concentrations may be assumed to be the initial concentrations? [duplicate]
Considering the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation,
$$\text{pH} = \text{p}K_a + \lg \frac{[\ce{AcO⁻}]} {[\ce{AcOH}]}$$
$$\text{p}K_a = \lg \frac{[\ce{AcO⁻}][\ce{H⁺}]} {[\ce{AcOH}]}$$
Why are the values ...
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Why does p-aminophenol oxidize in acid solution
I'm reading Bard's Electrochemical Methods. He cites the oxidation of p-aminophenol in acid solution. I haven't taken organic chemistry in a while and don't understand why oxidation takes place in ...
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Creating Chloramines
I'm currently conducting some testing related to indoor pool environments.
Here I believe, airborne chloramines are responsible for stress corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steels.
...
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Reducing vaporization of concentrated hydrochloric acid solution
I have this bottle of hydrochloric acid solution. Although I do not know its concentration but I know it is quite concentrated. Every time I open it the fumes would get to all the places.
I have an ...
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Calculate the pH of a buffered solution after adding strong acid [closed]
Calculate the pH of a solution formed by the addition of $0.0020$ moles of $\ce{HCl}$ to $\pu{100.0 mL}$ of $\pu{0.200 M}$ $\ce{CH3NH2}$/ $\ce{0.100 M CH3NH3Cl}$.
$K_\mathrm{b}(\ce{CH3NH2})=4.4\times ...
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which is more acidic thiols or carboxylic acid?
According to me as the key atoms are different so when the h+ is released and each of them gets a negative charge as sulphur is a bigger atom compared to oxygen charge is more dispersed , hence the ...
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Effective pH range in water. What is the definition
https://openchemistryhelp.blogspot.com/2013/02/solvent-levelling.html
I learned the concept of solvent theory and solvent leveling of acid and base,but couldn't understand what the graph below says
I ...
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Equilibrium Solubility of CO2 in Aqueous Solution and its Dependence on H3O+ Concentration
The equilibrium solubility of $\ce{CO2}$ in an aqueous solution is given by three chemical reactions:
$$
\begin{align}
\ce{CO2(g) &<=> CO2(aq)}\label{rxn:R1}\tag{R1}\\
\ce{CO2(aq) + H2O &...
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Relationship of acids and bases with pH. (Proportional Relationship) [duplicate]
Can someone please clarify the relationship between acidic-basic strength and pH? I have come across conflicting information and am unsure about the correct understanding.
Some people including my ...
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Do peroxy acids such as peroxynitric acid have anhydrides?
Anhydrides reversibly react with water to form a respective acid or base. For example, $\ce{CO2}$ is the anhydride of $\ce{H2CO3}$:
$$\ce{CO2 + H2O <=> H2CO3}.\tag{R1}$$
Acidic anhydride can be ...
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Can acids contain OH-? [closed]
Given that a solution contains $\ce{OH-}$ ions can we sufficiently determine the substance is a base? From my understanding, an acid may still contain $\ce{OH-}$ ions. However, the concentration of $\...
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How to achieve highest CO2 pressure from acetic acid + sodium bicarbonate reaction?
I'm planning to make a high-end vinegar + baking soda rocket and started doing some researches for the best ratio of the reagents's concentrations to achieve maximum pressure. Furthermore, I know that ...
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How to neutralize 60L of a 2% Aqua Regia with Various Metals suspended
I am encountering an issue in my laboratory. My supervisor and I are currently faced with the task of neutralizing a volume of 60 liters of Aqua Regia, which contains suspended metals, at a ...
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Why Is Hydrogen in HSO3- Connected to Oxygen Instead of Sulfur?
One of the questions in my homework was to draw $\ce{HSO3-}$, which I thought to be pretty easy. Sulfur is the least electronegative (except hydrogen but it can't be the central atom), hence it is the ...
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What are the dissociation constants of hydronium and hydroxide ions? [duplicate]
Context
The answer to How to calculate Ka for hydronium and Kb for hydroxide?, water was regarded as solvent once and base (or equivalently acid) once while citing Reference 1 (1986) and made no ...
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What is the pH of acetone in water?
Reaction of Acetone with Water
Acetone in water can react in three ways:
The different reactions change the concentrations of $\ce{H+}$ and, consequently the pH, differently. My question is what is ...
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Small amount of sulfuric acid down drain - questions [closed]
Bought some drain cleaner from my local hardware store, the guy at the counter said its powerful stuff that barbers use to clear hair from drains. Said to not put my head above the drain while using ...
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Hydrogen Isotopes and Bronsted Lowry Acid
a Bronsted Lowry Acid is defined as an acid that donates a proton. However it's actually a Hydrogen Ion, since hydrogen only has 1 proton and 1 electron, a positive Hydrogen Ion would have no electron ...
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Why is fluoroantimonic acid so unique?
Fluoroantimonic acid is the strongest acid because its conjugate base $\ce{SbF6-}$ is exceptionally stable. $\ce{SbF6-}$ is in perfect octahedral symmetry wherein the negative charge is equally shared ...
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Determine the pKa of a diprotic acid by titration (if pKa1 is similar to pKa2)
Determining the acidity constants of a diprotic acid (in my case, tartaric acid) by titration with NaOH and pH-meter is not possible if pKa2 - pKa1 < 2.
This is because there are no "pH jumps&...
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What is produced from chromium, HCL and NH3
I wanted to see if I could get a chromium salt from stainless steel, so I put the stainless steel in HCL, turning the liquid green. Then I mixed the result with ammonia, and a green solid precipitated ...
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How does sodium react with methanol?
Strong acids of $\ce{AH}$ type readily dissociate to its constituent ions (considering the solvent is water): $\ce{A-}$ and $\ce{H+}$. But the mechanism of the reaction between sodium metal and ...
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How does sodium diacetate turn into two acetic acid molecules?
I'm trying to replace vinegar with sodium diacetate in a recipe, and I would like to understand better what is happening from a chemical point of view.
What I imagine happens when I add sodium ...
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Why does phosphinic acid not form pyroacids?
Why does $\ce{H3PO2}$ not form pyroacids? All I know is pyroacids are derived oxyacids obtained by removing one $\ce{H2O}$ molecule from two molecules of oxyacids. Correct me if this is wrong.
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Ductless fume hood for dissolving aluminum foil in hydrochloric acid
I work at a food manufacturing plant and we use Tetra Pak packaging for our liquid foods. There is a layer of aluminum foil within the packaging material that we need to dissolve out of the package in ...
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Powder left everywhere after solution was left to evaporate. What could it be?
I dissolved a coin made of silver and copper and probably other metals in nitric acid. I neutralized the solution with some sodium hydroxide and then added salt(NaCl) to make Silver Chloride. A white ...
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Does anybody know anything about this patented, late-19th-century process for producing white lead?
I debated on whether to put this question in the History or Engineering Stack Exchange. Ultimately, I decided on the Engineering Stack because I believe the people on this site will understand the ...
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What is the math behind the formula for the concentration of the strong titrant when calculating theoretical buffer capacity of a diprotic system?
I have a question related to finding the theoretical buffer capacity of a diprotic system, specifically about the formula for the concentration of the strong titrant. In this post:
What is the formula ...
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What is alkalimetry?
I've found two answers. One says its the determination of concentration of unknown alkali solution with the help of standard acid solution.
The other says it as the determination of concentration of ...
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Successive deprotonation - how far can it go?
It has been written that among the equilibria of the dissolution of $\ce{SO_2}$ in water, the dissociation of sulphur dioxide into $\ce{HSO_3^-(aq) + H_3O^+(aq)}$ is a complete dissociation. See the ...
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Does Peracetic Acid react with nickel to create Nickel (II) Acetate?
I am planning to create a solution of nickel (II) acetate to use for electroplating. From my research, I found that peracetic acid (which I am using to make copper (II) acetate by placing copper wire ...
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Side reaction of I− and acidity of HI
In acidic conditions, I− tends to get oxidised by atmospheric oxygen to give iodine. This is evident in iodine based titration, where upon leaving the setup, blue colour of starch reappears as iodine ...
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How to make NH3 + H20 favor its products (NH4+ and OH-) [closed]
I am putting together a (fake) proposal for a process that would convert ammonia in cow manure into elemental nitrogen. The first step includes the conversion of that ammonia into ammonium so that it ...
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pH of a mixture of a weak acid and a different (non-conjugate) weak base
Let's say I have 1000 ml 1 M acetic acid ($\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ = 4.76) and add 1000 ml 1M aniline ($\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{aH}$ = 4.65). To what proportion is aniline protonated?
1M acetic acid has a ...
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Why does the conjugate base of peracetic acid not have any resonance structures?
Peroxyacetic acid, $\ce{CH3C(O)OOH}$ has its anion form when a proton is detached, like $\ce{CH3C(O)OO-}$.
I think it can have two resonance forms like I drew (even though they have several charge ...
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Improve the leaving capability of a leaving group (F-) with electron density donating groups (EDP) in close proximity (neighboring group effect)?
I have a situation in which I want to hydrolyze a phosphonic acid halide under basic conditions. In my specific case, the halide is a fluorine substituent. Other halides like chlorine and bromine are ...
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How to find the added volume $V_e$
We have a volume $V_A$ of a solution of $\ce{CH3COOH}$ acid, its molar concentration is $C_A$ and it has $pH_0=3,4$, we add a volume of $V_e$ from distilled water to it, in this case it has $pH_0'=3,7$...
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Are there TLC stains for organo fluor compounds or anorg. fluoride that are useful for selecting the product containing fractions post purification
Are there TLC stains that work with fluoride or with organofluor compounds? I have a fluorinated phosphonic acid that does not stain with conventional means. I did research in many of the known and ...
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If NaOH is a Brönsted-Lowry base then, what is its conjugate acid? [closed]
Brönsted-Lowry theory doesn't go against but adds to the Arrhenius theory on bases and acids.
$\ce{NaOH}$ is an Arrhenius base because it releases hydroxide ions in water solution.
NaOH is also a ...
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Is there a property that indicates the presence of superacid?
Superacids are often characterized as acids that are stronger than 100% sulfuric acid. However, this definition is somewhat arbitrary, and accurately determining the acid strength in concentrated ...
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pH of a solution from mixed solution
I am not a chemistry student. I have a problem with my preserved food. I am afraid that the pH is not below 4.6 for it to safe to eat. I want to check the pH of the food but it has small amount of ...
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Is reaction between SiO2 and CaO is Lewis acid and base reaction?
In my textbook it is written that the slag forming reaction between silicate and calcium oxide is acid base reaction.
But this reaction is not Arrhenius definition of acid base reaction because this ...
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Is the hydrolysis of a salt produced by neutralisation a secondary reaction? [closed]
I understand that in a solution, the salt created by a neutralisation reaction can react again with water molecules, which can further affect the pH. Is it correct to say that the hydrolysis of salts ...
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Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and degree of dissociation
Is it possible to evaluate the degree of dissociation in unbuffered solutions, through the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
For example: place acetic acid in a sodium hydroxide solution. After the ...
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Adding Bicarb to Sparkling Water [closed]
This may seem a trivial request of mine, but it is a major part of my health regime,
I add Bicarb (Sodium Bicarbonate - NaHCO3) to Sparkling Water (H2O + CO2 (bubbles) + a weak solution of Carbonic ...
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What results from the neutralization of copper citrate with Na2CO3
I found this question that describes PCB etching with citric acid. The answer to that question explains how hydrogen peroxide, salt, and citric acid can be used to ionize copper metal in water, which ...
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Haloalkanes gives acid base reactions or SN2
Consider the following reaction:
I am confused whether $SN_2$ reaction will take place or acid - base reaction.
According to me:
This should be an acid - base reaction since the carbonanion(On carbon ...
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How to explain the acidity difference between these β-diketones?
In DMSO, pentane‐2,4‐dione (1) and 1,3‐diphenylpropane‐1,3‐dione (2) possess nearly identical $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a},$ whereas 1‐phenylbutane‐1,3‐dione (3) is almost 1 $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ unit ...
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Which hydrogen in 3-ethynyltoluene is the most acidic?
Arrange the three types of hydrogens in 1‐ethynyl‐3‐methylbenzene in the order from the most acidic to the least.
From my understanding, the hydrogen on methyl would be the most acidic as the ...
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Why are sulfites often ignored in soil studies?
From a document on soil chemistry that I am reading:
The acid-base potential of a soil takes soil pH, total sulfur (sulfides and sulfates), and neutralization potential into account to determine the ...
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