Questions tagged [acid-base]
This tag should be applied to questions concerning acid and base reactions. An acid is capable of donating a hydron/ proton (Brønsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). A base on the other hand is a chemical species/ molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron/ proton (Brønsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other species (Lewis base).
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Why HI isn't fully miscible with cold water when HF is?
HF is more soluble in water than HI, due to greater hydrogen bonding in HF, accepted, but on the other hand HF is a weak acid so it's dissociation will be meagre when compared to HI's dissociation, so ...
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What happens when sodium hydroxide is dissolved in butane 1 ol [closed]
Is NaOH soluble? Effect of resulting mixtures on litmus paper,is the reaction endothermic or exorthemic
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Does hydrogen chloride(HCl gas) react with metals?
I searched and couldn't find any reactions of gaseous $\ce{HCl}$. Only reactions of aqueous $\ce{HCl}$ are found. Can anyone help me regarding gaseous $\ce{HCl}$? Do metals react with $\ce{HCl}$ gas ...
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How can HCO3- be a weak base while H2CO3 is a weak acid? [closed]
If HCO3- is relatively unstable compared to H2CO3 (making H2CO3 a weak acid), wouldn't that make H2CO3 relatively stable compared to HCO3-, making HCO3- a strong base?
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Help Unknown alkaline Probe reacts strangely with H2SO4 [closed]
I am a chemistry student currently having my first lab course. For every exercise we get a mysterious probe which could be any of the chemicals used for that specific exercise. During my last exercise ...
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Between ortho fluoro phenol and ortho chloro phenol which one is more acidic? [closed]
There is intramolecular hydrogen bonding in ortho fluoro phenol and also in ortho chloro phenol.But due to more electronegativity nature of Fluorine it's Hydrogen Bonding is stronger than Chlorine . ...
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Reaction of cinnamic acid with Br2/Na2CO3
The first reaction produces benzaldehyde, and the next one (perkin's condensation)produces Cinnamic acid.(X)
Now the treatment of X with $\ce{Br2/Na2CO3}$ is whats troubling me. $\ce{Na2CO3}$ being a ...
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To mix sodium borohydride and boric acid [closed]
What concentration of 50ml boric acid should I make to mix with 50ml sodium borohydride, so that the total concentration is 1mM? What should be the individual concentrations of the solutions to make a ...
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Ca(OH)2 not dissolving even as much as it should
according to solubility charts Ca(OH)2 should dissolve at 20-25 oC at about 1.6g per litre. I have tried 0.8, 0.4 and 0.2g in 500ml and even the 0.2 does not completely dissolve, even left overnight. ...
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Why is quinuclidine more basic than triethylamine? [duplicate]
I am trying to compare the basic strength of two similar amines
Usually this is done by comparing the relative stability of the ion formed on the protonation of nitrogen's lone pair.
This can be done ...
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Can a multimeter be used to measure PH?
I would like to feed my garden a solution of water and Trisodium Phosphate (TSP), but I am uncertain of the correct amount of TSP to water ratio. Too acidic or too basic of a solution can harm my ...
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Which hydrogens are the most acidic in a THF molecule?
Which hydrogens are the most acidic in a THF molecule? I understand the main factors that influence acidity, but I can't seem to figure this one out and I have not gotten any answers on the internet.
...
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Why reverse reaction is not possible in the case of dissociation of strong electrolytes and thus non existence of ionic equilibrium?
In chemistry textbooks there is generally written that ionic equilibrium can’t be achieved in the case of strong electrolytes (because their degree of dissociation is almost equal to 1) but it can be ...
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How do I find pH of an extremely low molarity strong acid? [duplicate]
Given
$$[HNO_{3}] = 4.53(10)^{-10},$$ find the pH of the acid. $K_{a}$ is not given, and it is at 25 degrees celsius.
Because the molarity is very low, as in less than 10^-6, the teacher tells us that ...
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crystalline form of HCl
HCl is a covalent compound.
I do not understand why HCl cannot exist as an ionic compound with the combination of hydrogen ions and chloride ions. Is it a matter of electronegativity?
I have once ...
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Does pure HCl (without water) is an acid? [closed]
Hydrochloric acid is always discussed as dissolved in water, and acidity is measured in terms of pH by the concentration of the hydronium ion.
Is pure HCl still an acid, and if so, how can we measure ...
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How does adding lemon juice to sugar make better caramel?
It's a common cooking advice: if you want a somewhat softer caramel, add some lemon juice to the sugar:
To help prevent the caramel from crystallizing, you can add an acid to the sugar before you ...
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Hydrolyse Phosphonate diester to free phosphonic acid under relatively mild conditions?
I want to hydrolyse a phosphonic acid diethylester to the corresponding free phosphonic acid. In the literature, it is described, that usually strongly basic or acidic conditions are utilized to ...
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Production of sulphuric acid
To my knowledge, sulphuric acid is produced by complex industrial processes like contact process.
The following structure shows a sulphate ion.
I wonder why sulphuric acid cannot be produced through ...
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How does an organic acid change the structure of chrysotile asbestos?
This patent (https://patents.google.com/patent/US5041277A/en) describes how dilute acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid can change the fibrous structure of chrysotile asbestos with up to 98% ...
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Why do buffer solution only maintain pH to a certain limit?
I know that buffers have a capacity after which they are not able to maintain a relatively stable pH. This capacity is exceeded when we add too much acid or base but I was wondering why does this ...
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dilution and pH and pOH
The question is: given a $10$ ml solution with pH = $12.3$, which is then diluted to a $100$ ml solution, find the pH of the new solution. My attempt was as follows:
[H$_3$O$^+$] = $10^{-12.3}$, and $...
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Calculating the pH after adding hydrochloric acid to the potassium hydrogen phosphate solution
I am trying to calculate the $\mathrm{pH}$ of a solution obtained by mixing $\pu{20.00 mL}$ of $\pu{0.2 M}$ potassium hydrogen phosphate solution and $\pu{10.00 mL}$ of $\pu{0.25 M}$ hydrochloric acid ...
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Why does the ionic product of water remain constant after addition of non-neutral solute?
In my textbook, it is given that the ionic product of water $K_\mathrm{w}$ remains constant even when a non-neutral solute such as an acid is added to it.
$$K_\mathrm{w} = \ce{[H3O+][OH-]}$$
When a ...
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Order of lewis acidity for BBr3, BCl3, BMe3, BH3, BPh3?
In case of $\ce{BCl_3}$ vs $\ce{BH3}$, which one is the controlling factor?
1) Is it p-pi p-pi interaction in $\ce{BCl_3}$ that makes it weaker than $\ce{BH3}$?
2) Or is it the -I effect of $\ce{Cl}...
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Why this Lewis structure for HNO3 nitric acid is wrong? [closed]
I know that this Lewis structure of HNO3 is wrong, but I don't know the reason why, except that here the side atoms (oxygen) are connected via a bond. This structure fulfills the octet rule and also ...
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Acidity of metronidazole
Metronidazole has two $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ values: $2.57$ and $15.42.$ The basic group is the imidazole moiety. Does metronidazole have acidic groups?
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pKa of imidazoles
I was looking for the $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ of imidazole and found this $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ table [1]:
\begin{array}{ll}
\text{Compound} &\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a} \\
\hline
\text{...
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Is ciprofloxacin acidic or basic?
I would expect an aqueous solution of ciprofloxacin to be basic for the following reasons:
The carboxyl group has pKa = 6.09 and the secondary amino group has pKa = 8.74. Because 8.74 is further from ...
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Are there LCMS compatible buffer systems available for the high pH range 12-14?
I want to perform chemical stability studies for different pH Values. To achieve pH Values from 1 to 6 I can prepare solutions with trifluoric acid and formic acid and ammonium formate and acetate. I ...
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Why is aniline more basic than pyrrole?
In a question asking to compare the basicity of pyrrole and aniline, the explanation given for aniline being more basic than pyrrole was as follows:
Basicity depends on the availability of lone pair ...
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Citric acid rust removal and neutralization
I'm currently removing rust from steel with citric acid dissolved in water. I generally use a wire brush as the final treatment to remove any surface rust that the acid loosened up. The pieces under ...
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Breakdown of butyl rubber
I'm in my high school's theatre crew and of course we build a lot of props and such. However I just opened (yesterday) an old drawer of screwdrivers and they smelled like puke! I know that the ...
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How does adding sulfuric acid to water affect the specific heat capacity of the solution? [closed]
How does adding diffrent concentrations of sulfuric acid to water affect the specific heat capacity of the solution?
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At 80°C a solution having pH = 7 is? [closed]
When I came across this question I couldn't understand whether, they are asking the nature of solution at 25°C which has pH = 7 at 80°C or nature of solution at 80°C which has pH = 7 at 25°C ?
...
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Does HF react with ethanol?
HF is needed to be dissolved in ethanol in many cases, e.g. in electrochemical etching for fabrication of porous material or in sol-gel synthesis of transition metal oxides being doped with F. Does HF ...
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Preparation of copper carbonate from copper acetate and sodium carbonate
I reacted copper acetate with sodium carbonate. It formed a mixture of sodium hydroxide, copper carbonate, copper acetate, and copper oxide. I wanted to know if there is a process to remove the sodium ...
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What are acid/base sensitive groups?
My textbook says that Clemmensen Reduction cannot take place in the presence of an acid-sensitive group and the Wolf Kishner reaction won't happen in the presence of a base sensitive group, citing $\...
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What green and orange solids did I get when I mixed copper acetate and sodium carbonate?
I tried to make copper carbonate by mixing copper acetate with a sodium carbonate solution. I was expecting to see a light blue solid form at the bottom of the beaker and instead I found a green ...
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Is an ester or a ketone more acidic?
Two organic chemistry textbooks I've read (by Bruice and by Tandon) say:
Esters are more acidic than ketones, because the resonance between the two oxygen atoms gives less opportunity for the ...
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Does spoiled milk have something else in it besides lactic acid that gives its characteristic taste and odor?
Even slightly spoiled milk has a taste that I don't like, while plain yogurt tastes either great, or at least nowhere near as bad. A dozen sources (all of them) say that the spoiled odor and taste of ...
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Can pure hydronium exist?
Can pure hydronium exist? If not, why not? It seems to me (and I am no chemistry expert) like pure hydronium should have the theoretical maximum acidity or minimum pH that a substance can reach.
Can't,...
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What is something that is a strong acid and a strong reducing agent, but not a reducing agent because of the conjugate base of that acid? [closed]
So 2 answers I am not looking for is HI and formic acid. Although both of them are acids, HI and formic acid are not doing the reducing, but their conjugate forms, I- and HCOO- are doing the reducing, ...
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When does "always add acid" not apply? [duplicate]
I've been taught a LONG time ago to AAA "Always Add Acid". I've recently come across what feels like an exception to that rule when making piranha solution (you add the H2O2 to the acid). I'...
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What chemical species is really acting as oxidizer in hot concentrated sulfuric acid [duplicate]
In some japanese website it is written that hot conc sulfuric acid has greater oxidation power than that of normal temperature since it contains sulfur trioxide formed by decomposition of the sulfuric ...
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pKa and pKb in solvents other than water
I know that when you have aqueous solutions, then the pKa and the pKb are linked to each other (pKa + pKb = 14). Is there an equivalent relationship between pKa and pKb in non aqueous environments? I'...
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Stability of a carbanion that is attached to three phenyl groups
I had come across a question - which asked me to predict the stability of a carbanion attached to 3 phenyl rings, in opposed to one in which the same 3 phenyl rings that are attached to the carbanion ...
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Why do grignard reagents add to carbonyls at the carbonyl carbon, and not deprotonate at the alpha carbon to form an enol? [duplicate]
I thought that since grignards are such strong bases that they would be immediately protonated by the alpha hydrogen since it is an acidic hydrogen. However, I keep seeing answers that are saying that ...
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Any compound which can react with some unknown calcium compound [closed]
I have a body made of steel which needs to be cooled, and it is used tap water to do it and over the time that water has deposited some kind of calcium compound inside the cavity where it's running ...
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What reaction happens when carboxylic acids are treated with calcium hydroxide and distilled? [closed]
What reaction takes place when $\ce{Ca(OH)2}$ reacts with $\ce{R-COOH}$? What is obtained after distillation?
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