The effect of the groups at para position on SN2 reactivity

Question

Compare the S_N2 reactivity order for:

The benzyl group stabilises the transition state of S_N2 reaction using the π system of the benzene ring for conjugation with the p- orbital of the electrophilic carbon which is electron deficient. (reference: Clayden, page 341)

So in my opinion, groups increasing the electron density of the ring should make the S_N2 reaction go faster as compared to groups decreasing it.

Thus the order should be $2 > 3 > 1 > 4$ but the answer given in my worksheet is the exact opposite of this. I would like to know the reason for that and the flaw in my reasoning.

This is what I found in March:

Holtz and Stock showed that electron-withdrawing groups increase the rate of S_N2 reactions. This can be ascribed to stabilization of the transition state by withdrawal of some of the electron density.

I find this contradictory to the content given in Clayden that the TS is "electron deficient". In March its also given that for alkyl groups at para position the Baker Nathan order is followed (methyl > ethyl > t-butyl). (Hyperconjugation is most in methyl so it increases electron density of the ring) (Another apparent contradiction)

So how exactly do I determine the effect of the p-substituents in S_N2.

Answer 1

This is what I found from your reference to Clayden. You just had to read the next paragraph ( I have highlighted the point ). You can see that March and Clayden have agreed on the same point, that electron withdrawl from the phenyl/allyl group increases the effective conjugation in the transition state. So I hope You can understand what will be the correct order and why.

P.S. I know this question is old, but it was unanswered, and someone may benefit from an answer.

Reference: Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves, S.Warren, P.Wothers -Organic Chemistry (2000) - Pg 422.