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Do natural or human engineered enzymes exist that can speed up the break down metals (element, compounds & alloys)?
If no, then what biological or chemical construct can break down metals in the same way that enzymes break down food in a person's stomach?
There is no enzyme that grinds down an Airstream, but an alligator might do the job!
In nature, most metals seem to exist as oxides, sulfides, carbonates, halides, etc. and not as bare metals. Consequently, there was/is probably little evolutionary benefit in tackling the bare metals.
Breaking down something to into very small particles, as you described it, is a mechanical process that leaves the oxidation state of the metal unchanged. It is not a chemical transformation.
There's a lot! Two topics come to my mind:
There's a bunch of bacteria that can oxidize $\ce{Fe(II)}$ to $\ce{Fe(III)}$
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans - look at their family names ;-) - operate at $pH\ < 4$, use the oxygen from the air and munch away pyrite.
Some plants and bacteria harvest enormous amounts of metal ions even from highly contaminates soils and store them. The metals are held by by the action of proteins. If you're interested, here is a freely available article on PLOS One Pathogens with lots of further references.
