Why isn't Indigo soluble in water? I mean, it has 2 H-N groups, shouldn't it then be able to hydrogen bond with water?
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True, Indigo can form hydrogen bonds, but with what? Is it water? Nope.
It makes hydrogen bonds with itself.
This makes the molecule incapable of bonding with water. Not only that, but the molecule itself is quite symmetric, with oppositely oriented polar bonds, that cancel out each others' dipole moments. Notice the molecule's similarity to an ace of diamonds:
This type of symmetry is called center of symmetry as it is about it's center we can observe the symmetry.
So we got it, it can't associate itself with water, and it's nonpolar. What do we expect? It doesn't dissolve in water.
answered Jun 5 '17 at 15:59
Pritt says Reinstate MonicaPritt says Reinstate Monica
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2$\begingroup$ Yes, and the lone pair of Nitrogen is interacting with $\pi$ system of the ring, so it diminished more the nucleophilicity(i am not sure if it is a correct word). Nice reasoning about the dipolar moment. It can be done "rigurously" by symmetry theory also. $\endgroup$ – user43021 Jun 5 '17 at 16:03
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$\begingroup$ Thank you for the elaborate answer. I was aware of it's symmetry, it's just the hydrogen bonding that puzzled me, thank you. $\endgroup$ – javanewbie Jun 5 '17 at 17:04
