# What does “parts by weight” or “parts by mass” specifically mean?

Equivalent mass may be defined as the number of parts by mass of a substance which combines with or displaces directly or indirectly 1.008 parts by mass of hydrogen or 8 parts by mass of oxygen or 35.5 parts by mass of chlorine.

Why isn't it defined like "that mass of a substance which combines/displaces 1 gram of hydrogen"

Why does it use the term "parts by mass" ?

• Parts by mass refers to the unit you are using..... actually equivalent weight is dimensionless...when you are using any specified unit, then though the equivalent weight quantities remains the same, the phrase parts by mass gets replaced by that unit eg. gram equivalent weight. – user5764 Apr 1 '16 at 9:23
• Thank you for reply. makes sense. But then why relative mass or atomic mass dont use "parts by mass" in their defination ? – aman Apr 1 '16 at 20:30

It seems that the unusual wording comes from the fact that we are used to having all of the atomic masses available to us simply because we have measured all of them. In the early days of chemistry, however, things were not so simple. Thus, the equivalent weight (technically mass since it has units of $\mathrm{kg}$ rather than $\mathrm{N}$) was used as a method for determining a weight relative to some predefined standard. In this case, hydrogen.
Some of the simplest reactions are acid/base reactions, and this explains why the scale is measured relative to equivalents (where one equivalent is one mole) of hydrogen. That is, in your quote from the wikipedia page, one mole of hydrogen, which has a mass of 1.008 grams, can react with 8 grams of oxygen or 35.5 grams of chlorine to form $\ce{H2O}$ and $\ce{HCl}$ respectively. Another way of saying this is that every hydrogen atom reacted with two oxygen atoms and every hydrogen atom reacted with one chlorine atom.$^1$ Thus, we see what is meant by the term "parts by mass". Notice this is not the same as the phrase "parts per mass". "Parts by mass" could be stated more clearly as the "parts of X measured by mass". That is, we are indirectly measuring how many parts of oxygen, chlorine, or whatever other X goes into a reaction by measuring the final mass of a substance which reacts with a known mass of 1.008 grams of hydrogen.
$^1$This is kind of cheating though because we know the weights of oxygen and chlorine, while chemists in the 1800s may not have known this.