This might seem like a silly question, but why do all of the lanthanides use the +3 oxidation state? I know that some of them can use the +2 (europium, ytterbium) and the +4 (terbium, cerium, praseodymium) but their main oxidation states are +3.
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$\begingroup$ I would say it is an experimental result ! $\endgroup$– MauriceJun 12, 2022 at 15:05
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5$\begingroup$ It's basically down to ionisation energies, see my answer here: chemistry.stackexchange.com/q/53712/16683 $\endgroup$– orthocresolJun 12, 2022 at 15:05
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$\begingroup$ Thanks! I couldn't find any other post, but it seems like there are. $\endgroup$– Praseodymium-141Jun 12, 2022 at 15:07
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$\begingroup$ Also see: chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/53605/… $\endgroup$– Nilay GhoshJun 13, 2022 at 2:28
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$\begingroup$ chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/87162/… $\endgroup$– Nilay GhoshJun 13, 2022 at 2:29
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