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Oxygenated blood is bright red and deoxygenated blood is dark red or brown.

If you take oxygenated blood and leave it in the air it will turn dark red, then brown, then finally a bluish green from exposure to atmospheric oxygen.

Why does it oxidize this far to get a copper oxide color to it after it has passed the phase where it is the same color as iron oxide? Why doesn't it stay at the iron oxide color?

This often happens during the last few days of my period that the bleeding is extremely light and the color of it when it first comes out is reddish brown (sort of like iron oxide) and after a few hours, it starts turning bluish green (sort of like copper oxide). However, this happens very slowly and after 24 hours of exposure to atmospheric oxygen still only a fraction of the blood is further oxidized. I don't take medications or drugs that have a lot of sulfur so I don't think it is from $\ce{H2S}$ or $\ce{SO4-}$ (which would give it a dark green color, not light bluish green) and I don't have excess copper in my blood either.

I think that it is Iron(II,III) oxide with the Iron(III) released and the autoionization of water (which happens in both the liquid and gas phase) forming Iron(II) Hydroxide which can be further oxidized to Iron(III) hydroxide which has that bluish green color along with a small amount of Copper oxide forming (Due to the fact that our bodies need some copper and like Iron there is always some copper in the bloodstream).

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    $\begingroup$ It's extremely unlikely copper has to do with anything. According to Wikipedia, there is less than 100 mg of copper in the entire body. The amount present in any reasonable quantity of lost tissue would be measured in micrograms. $\endgroup$ Aug 13, 2014 at 2:14
  • $\begingroup$ So it is more likely to be Iron(III) hydroxide causing that green color than than copper oxide because Iron is so abundant and copper is much less abundant? $\endgroup$
    – Caters
    Aug 13, 2014 at 2:18
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    $\begingroup$ If it is not in inert (or pure oxygen) atmosphere, the change of colour can also be caused by bacteria. $\endgroup$ Aug 17, 2014 at 5:48

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There are two misconception behind your question:

  • You assume you can directly compare the colors of different compounds and derive oxidation states e.g of a heme (porphyrin) comparing to iron-oxide. No, it is not true.

  • You assume this whole story has anything to do with copper. No, the blueish-green is nothing to do with copper, it is a (porphyrin) degradation product.

The color of transition metal compounds mostly can be derived from the crystal field (ligand field) around the central metal ion. In inorganic iron-oxo/hydroxo compounds have different structure and hence different field than heme compounds. In heme, the N coordination of porphyrin ring is generating a very strong planar field, and the oxygen coordinates as molecule on the top of it. Charge transfer to the ring can also be an important factor in heme derivatives. As you see it is a whole complicated mass, and not much direct connection with different inorganic salts you see in lab.

The colors you see are coming from oxo-hemoglobin (which you have in your healthy blood), and most probably several steps of enzymatic degradation of heme. The porphyrin ring is oxidized and cut open by an oxygen on the the iron. Several colorful compounds are produced, including the iron complexes themselves and biliverdin (green), bilirubin (yellow). These are the same colors you see under your skin, of you hit yourself hard and have some bleeding in your tissues. First the injured area is deep red/blue, than go to greenish, finally yellowish patch. This also happens continuously in your body, when your blood cells get old, and heme is enigmatically degraded so the whole thing can be recycled: http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/634bilirubin.html

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This often happens during the last few days of my period that the bleeding is extremely light and the color of it when it first comes out is reddish brown(sort of like iron oxide) and after a few hours it starts turning bluish green(sort of like copper oxide).

Well, period blood isn't necessarily just blood; it's also sloughed off tissue. That would complicate the analysis; the green color could arise not necessarily from what's in your blood but also what's in your tissues, and I wouldn't be surprised if there were copper in your tissue. Copper is after all an essential trace element for health.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_in_health

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  • $\begingroup$ but tissue I think comprises most of the heavier ones and those I only see going to dark red before I have to change my pad. In the extremely light ones I think it is mainly deoxygenated blood flowing out(sometimes not constantly) $\endgroup$
    – Caters
    Aug 13, 2014 at 1:56
  • $\begingroup$ I could simplify the analysis by looking at Iron(II) oxide, Iron(II, III) oxide, Iron(III) oxide, Copper oxide, Iron(II) hydroxide, Iron(II, III) hydroxide, and Iron(III) hydroxide concentration changes in oxygenated blood(from the blood vessels themselves) over time and see if any increase as it goes from the reddish brown Iron Oxide color to the bluish green Copper Oxide color but how could I get enough oxygenated blood to test that without causing severe bleeding from arteries? $\endgroup$
    – Caters
    Aug 13, 2014 at 2:05
  • $\begingroup$ Try a flame test. Use a piece of nichrome; stick in blood, then stick in open flame. Note the color of the glow. $\endgroup$
    – Dissenter
    Aug 13, 2014 at 2:05
  • $\begingroup$ how will that tell me the amount of Iron oxide, Iron hydroxide, and Copper oxide there is? $\endgroup$
    – Caters
    Aug 13, 2014 at 2:08
  • $\begingroup$ Well, it might alert you to the presence of copper in the first place. Green could be a lot of things other than copper. $\endgroup$
    – Dissenter
    Aug 13, 2014 at 2:09

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