What is the concentration of hydrochloric acid needed to have a solution with the activity of the hydrogen proton = 1? I read 1.18 M somewhere but I am unable to find a corroborating source. Also, how can the activity of the hydrogen proton = 1 when it doesn't exist by itself, suggesting that its activity should = 0 (since it can't act as an independent particle)?
Also how would one get to this result? Does one use a high-grade pH meter? Don't analytical-level pH meters measure activities rather than concentrations of hydronium ion?