The definition of boiling point says boiling point is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of liquid becomes equal to vapour pressure of atmosphere. But how does the vapour pressure of the liquid form above the liquid when the surrounding (the portion just above the liquid) is having the atmospheric pressure. Where does the vapour pressure develop?
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2$\begingroup$ Note often on the stove you get bubbles... $\endgroup$– Jon CusterCommented May 14, 2020 at 15:10
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$\begingroup$ 1) Equilibrium vapor pressure! 2) The point is that bubbles form inside the liquid. 3) Partial pressure above is largely irrelevant. $\endgroup$– MithoronCommented May 14, 2020 at 17:14
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Obviously if you are boiling chemical X in an open beaker then you can't create a vapor pressure of 1 atm of chemical X over the beaker. However as Jon Custer noted in his comment you can see bubbles forming in the beaker which indicate that the liquid is boiling. A thermometer in boiling liquid would give you the boiling point, at whatever the local atmospheric pressure is.
A way to actually have 1 atmosphere of vapor pressure over a boiling liquid would be to use a reflux setup. The vapor evaporating from the liquid pushes its way up the condenser column, where it cools, forms a liquid and drips back down into the pot. Thus the vapor over the boiling flask is the pure compound which is boiling. The thermometer shown would measure the temperature of the vapor which would be the same as the temperature of the liquid. (You could use two thermometers, one in the vapor and one in the liquid to check this...)
