How do you calculate the norm of a function describing a molecular orbital?

I'm a bit confused by a past paper question I came across for one of my courses, shown below.

The wavefunctions corresponding to the lowest, $$\psi_{1}$$, and second-lowest, $$\psi_{2}$$, energy molecular orbitals in 1,3-butadiene are: $$\psi_{1}=0.372\phi_{1} + 0.602\phi_{2}+0.602\phi_{3} +0.372\phi_{4}$$ $$\psi_{2}=0.602\phi_{1} + 0.372\phi_{2}-0.372\phi_{3} -0.602\phi_{4}$$ where $$\phi_{i}$$ is the $$p_{z}$$ orbital on atom $$i$$. Calculate the norm of $$\psi_{1}$$, and the overlap between $$\psi_{1}$$ and $$\psi_{2}$$. Is the result what you would expect? Explain.

Neither calculating norm nor the overlap between 2 orbitals in the way the question asks came up. I assume by norm it means the normalisationg factor, but that makes no sense to me since it's already normalised. I assume the overlap should be 0 since they should be orthonormal, but don't know how to show that. I'd really appreciate some help! Sadly the lecturer for the course has contracted Covid-19 and so of course is not available to answer questions.

• A screenshot or picture of an exercise is not searchable. Please consider rewriting it, so that it can be of help for future visitors. – Martin - マーチン Apr 28 '20 at 12:07
• Please add a citation to where this exercise comes from. Also note that the use $\psi_x$ in the text and $\Psi_x$ in the equation. They should be the same, and should probably be all lower-case. – Martin - マーチン Apr 28 '20 at 12:17
• The "norm" refers to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm_(mathematics)#Euclidean_norm. – orthocresol Apr 28 '20 at 12:25
• As I stated in my question, it comes from a past paper at my university. I take your point about the notation; that's simply how the question is in the exam paper. – atbm Apr 28 '20 at 12:33
• if the $\phi$ are orthonormal then $\langle \phi_i\phi_j\rangle = \delta_{i,j}$ meaning that if $i=j$ the result is 1 else it is zero. So multiply out term by term to get overlap $\langle \psi_1\psi_2\rangle$ – porphyrin Apr 28 '20 at 13:38

I'm unsure if you're meant to solve this via the Hückel molecular orbital theory (see Chemistry LibreTexts), however, if you need to calculate the norm of a wave function $$\Psi$$, this is $$|\Psi |$$. Given what we know in your post about both $$\Psi_{1, 2}$$ then \begin{align} |\Psi_1|^2 &= \langle\Psi_1 | \Psi_1\rangle \\ &= 2\cdot(0.602^2)+2 \cdot (0.372^2) \\ &= 1.001576 \\ \to |\Psi_1| &= 1.000788 > 1\\ \end{align} I write that this is greater than one, as, on closer inspection, is down to rounding from the coefficients of each $$p_z$$ orbital.
The repeat process can be found for the overlap part, which I am interpreting as $$\langle\Psi_1 | \Psi_2\rangle$$.