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I learnt that in halogens the colour is due to transfer of electrons from HOMO to LUMO during excitation but I have trouble understanding what that means. Also I don't understand how iodine is blackish in solid state while violet in gaseous state.

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  • $\begingroup$ Related: chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/33861/… $\endgroup$
    – Nilay Ghosh
    Commented Sep 12, 2019 at 3:35
  • $\begingroup$ To the 2nd part, notice that dye based (= not pigment ) black colour of markers or inkjet printers is usually dark violet colour. $\endgroup$
    – Poutnik
    Commented Sep 12, 2019 at 4:02

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