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Poutnik
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For evaluation of spontaneity, two possible approaches can be chosen:

  • A reaction is spontaneous, if $\Delta_\mathrm{r} G^\circ = -RT \ln{K} \lt 0$.

    • This is to be interpreted as a system with all components in their standard state with unit thermodynamic activities undergoes spontaneously the net reaction in forward direction.
    • This is the evaluation of spontaneity of reaction regardless of the initial system state, as the implicit presumption.

  • A reaction is spontaneous, if $\Delta_\mathrm{r} G = \Delta_\mathrm{r} G^\circ + RT \ln{Q} = RT \ln{\left(\frac{Q}{K}\right)}\lt 0$.

    • This is to be interpreted as a system with components in general states and component activities undergoes spontaneously the net reaction in forward direction.
    • This is the evaluation of spontaneity of reaction considering the initial system state.
    • If $Q \lt K$ then the equilibrium is in the forward direction of the reaction and the reaction is spontaneous in the latter sense regardless of if it is spontaneous in the former sense.

For evaluation of spontaneity, two possible approaches can be chosen:

  • A reaction is spontaneous, if $\Delta_\mathrm{r} G^\circ = -RT \ln{K} \lt 0$.

    • This is to be interpreted as a system with all components in their standard state with unit thermodynamic activities undergoes spontaneously the net reaction in forward direction.
    • This is the evaluation of spontaneity of reaction regardless of the initial system state, as the implicit presumption.

  • A reaction is spontaneous, if $\Delta_\mathrm{r} G = \Delta_\mathrm{r} G^\circ + RT \ln{Q} = RT \ln{\left(\frac{Q}{K}\right)}\lt 0$.

    • This is to be interpreted as a system with components in general states and component activities undergoes spontaneously the net reaction in forward direction.
    • This is the evaluation of spontaneity of reaction considering the initial system state.

For evaluation of spontaneity, two possible approaches can be chosen:

  • A reaction is spontaneous, if $\Delta_\mathrm{r} G^\circ = -RT \ln{K} \lt 0$.

    • This is to be interpreted as a system with all components in their standard state with unit thermodynamic activities undergoes spontaneously the net reaction in forward direction.
    • This is the evaluation of spontaneity of reaction regardless of the initial system state, as the implicit presumption.

  • A reaction is spontaneous, if $\Delta_\mathrm{r} G = \Delta_\mathrm{r} G^\circ + RT \ln{Q} = RT \ln{\left(\frac{Q}{K}\right)}\lt 0$.

    • This is to be interpreted as a system with components in general states and component activities undergoes spontaneously the net reaction in forward direction.
    • This is the evaluation of spontaneity of reaction considering the initial system state.
    • If $Q \lt K$ then the equilibrium is in the forward direction of the reaction and the reaction is spontaneous in the latter sense regardless of if it is spontaneous in the former sense.
Source Link
Poutnik
Poutnik
  • 44.7k
  • 3
  • 54
  • 111

For evaluation of spontaneity, two possible approaches can be chosen:

  • A reaction is spontaneous, if $\Delta_\mathrm{r} G^\circ = -RT \ln{K} \lt 0$.

    • This is to be interpreted as a system with all components in their standard state with unit thermodynamic activities undergoes spontaneously the net reaction in forward direction.
    • This is the evaluation of spontaneity of reaction regardless of the initial system state, as the implicit presumption.

  • A reaction is spontaneous, if $\Delta_\mathrm{r} G = \Delta_\mathrm{r} G^\circ + RT \ln{Q} = RT \ln{\left(\frac{Q}{K}\right)}\lt 0$.

    • This is to be interpreted as a system with components in general states and component activities undergoes spontaneously the net reaction in forward direction.
    • This is the evaluation of spontaneity of reaction considering the initial system state.