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Transition metals can form stable ions with different oxidation states. But I am confused why doesn't only the most stable state exist. Let me clarify my question more:

$$\ce{Ti^{2+} -> Ti^{3+} + e^-} $$ With $E^0 = +0.5~\mathrm{V}$.

This just shows that $\ce{Ti^{3+}}$ is more stable. So my question is that why doesn't $\ce{Ti^{3+}}$ only exist in its most stable form?

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  • $\begingroup$ Understanding Latimer, Pourbaix and Frost diagrams might help you understand the relative interconversion of different oxidation states. here and here is a good link. I will post an answer if you still want any clarifications. $\endgroup$ Feb 9, 2014 at 10:59
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    $\begingroup$ if you look at the electron configurations of the Titanium cations you can see what is stable (titanium 4+ is most stable because it has the same electron configuration as Argon) and Ti(3+) has a half filled 4s-orbital and is relatively stable... $\endgroup$
    – user2117
    Feb 9, 2014 at 13:52

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Thermodynamics proposes, kinetics disposes. The most stable form can have a high activation energy barrier surrounding it. The medium matters. Hard Lewis bases (water) stabilize high oxidation states (Cu(II), tungstate). Soft Lewis bases (acetonitrile) stabilize low oxidation states (Cu(II); $\ce{W(CO)6}$ and http://www.google.com/patents/EP1995347A1?cl=en).

$\ce{Ti^{+4}}$ is the basement, especially with oxygen. Now rationlalize titanium suboxide Magnéli phases. They are spectacular as inert electrodes under extreme conditions, re Ebonex.

DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.05.011
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/cgi/request_doc?eprintid=152857&_action_null=Request+a+copy

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